M54133漏电保护芯片的分析开题报告 电子科学与技术专业

M54133漏电爱护芯片的分析电子科学与技术专业一、题目：M54133漏电爱护芯片的分析二、指导老师对文献综述和开题报告的具体内容要求： 31.1漏电爱护器简介 31.2漏电爱护器分类 31.2.1依据动作方式分 31.2.2依据剩余电流爱护器的功能分 31.2.3依据剩余电流爱护器的使用场合分 41.2.4依据剩余电流爱护器的动作时间分 41.3国内各种剩余电流爱护器的性能及进展动向 51.3.1家用及类似用途剩余电流断路器 51.3.2剩余电流断路器 61.3.3剩余电流继电器 61.4国外剩余电流爱护器的进展动向 61.4.1家用及类似用途剩余电流断路器 61.4.2剩余电流断路器 71.5主要的问题 7 92.1漏电爱护器争辩意义 92.2漏电爱护器的分级爱护 92.3M54133的功能介绍 2.4版图提取原理 2.5争辩方案 2.6进度支配 一、文献综述1.1漏电爱护器简介1.2漏电爱护器分类零序电流互感器的二次回路和脱扣器之间接入一剩余电流断路器是检测剩余电流，将剩余电流值与剩余电流继电器剩余电流继电器是检测剩余电流，将剩余电流值与移动式剩余电流爱护器是由插头、剩余电流爱护这种剩余电流爱护器一般额定电流比较大，作为特地设计的对某一剩余动作电流值能达到一个预定的极限不动作时间的剩以与终端线路的爱护装置协作，达到选择性爱护的要求。家用及类似用途剩余电流断路器可分为带过电流爱护和不带过电流爱护两剩余电流爱护附件和小型断路器的拼装可以在工厂完成，也可以在现场拼这其中有一部分是在80年月初期或中期开发的额定电流为10A的特地用于和爱护线路省掉，接受低价元件和材料组装，成本降到10元左右或以下，使产1.4国外剩余电流爱护器的进展动向欧洲不带过电流爱护的剩余电流断路器近几年的进展趋势是把二极和四极动作时间除原有的一般型和S型(选择性型)外，还增加了10ms的短延时特性。具有良好的抗误动作力量，可防止闭合泄漏电流负载)时引起剩余电流断路器误动作。日本的富士电机公司和三菱电机公司在90年月推出了30～800A壳架电和安装尺寸完全相同，比较老产品体积缩小了30%。电压范围广，可以在使用。短路分断力量高，例如富士HG403B系列可达到AC415V,65kA;三菱预报警功能，当故障电流达到预定值的50%时，预报警指示灯开头闪烁进行报在塑壳断路器后面(垂直式)或侧面(水平式)。最大额定短路分断力量为85kA。剩余电流脱扣器结构为电磁式，不需要任何帮助电源，能在工作。RC212型还有报警功能，当剩余电流达到预定值的50%时，预报警信号灯断电路。1.5主要的问题护器也是具有很强的现实意义的。二、开题报告为此有必要设计一种自动防护设备，当检测到有危急性的漏电流时可以自动断足，进行相应改进，完成新型设计。的要求越来越高，要求漏电爱护方式不能因一户发生事故而造成部分或全网停电流型的漏电爱护器，其漏电动作电流值的选择以防止间接接触的触电爱护为的重要组成部分。引脚号符号功能共用电路电源3内部电路直流电压外引脚(连接去耦电容)2I该引脚外接电阻器，为内部相关电路设置基准电流1运算放大器该引脚为运算放大器的输入脚运算放大器另一输入脚同13,15脚间接电容，防止噪声引起的故障在11与12脚间接电容器，防止消灭反常振荡该引脚为运算放大器的输出端空:漏电空:器及9该引脚为漏电检测输入脚5该引脚连接电容器，把握TW1脉冲宽度6该引脚连接电容器，把握TW2脉冲宽度4该引脚连接复位电容，确定恢复时间。在设定的延时爱护时间内漏电信号不再连续时，或在到达设定的延时爱护时间而漏电信号连续存在，并使可控硅触发后，将使电路在预定时间内恢复到起始状态，把握TW3脉冲宽度7时时间8该引脚为驱动信号输出脚，用以触发可控硅ww多A九十九九zCT九本图2M54133典型应用图式是全都的，在有漏电并正确跳闸时完成复位。基区中的n+集中形成放射区。集电区与基区集中出n+和p+区域，是为了与金属图6横向pnp晶体管的结构横向pnp的典型结构如图6。同样接受p衬底n外延和n+埋层，两边的p+作为二极管结构与npn晶体管类似，只要使用一夹断电阻等。图7中以外延夹断电阻为例，利用n-外延作为电阻，是只有两个极2.5争辩方案1-5周(2.26-3.30):生疏原理，完成文献综述，外文翻译及开题报告；6-8周(3.31-4.20):版图提取；9-12周(4.21—5.18):分析模块功能；13-14周(5.19—6.1):仿真验证；15-16周(6.2—6.20):预备并完成毕业答辩。本文评论了一些关于接地故障，漏电和电击防护中的一些需求，以50Hz,415V,3相和240V,单相电气安装相关的防护器件应用为例，尤其分别介绍了以人员爱护为目标的剩余电流器件，火灾防护和与IEE连线规章要求全都的防本文主要应用于TN-S,TN-C-S和TT电源系统，就像IEE连线规章的定义和术语描述那样。在IEE连线规章中，包含了直接和间接的接地故障防护和其他相关器件的应用。本文中用到了如下缩写：留意：1985年1月的IEE配线规章已删除FVD,但本文中仍在使用，由于一些状况下是用到的。接触电压：一个人同时接触到由于漏电而带电的暴露导体和另一个暴露的导电部分或大地时所承受的电压。直接接触：人或牲畜与可能导致电击的带电物体接触间接接触：人或牲畜与可能导致电击的由于失误而带电的物体接触接地漏电防护的需要除了通常的过流防护以外，接地漏电防护还有三个缘由：b.防止人员由于间接接触受到电击影响，如与由于接地漏电而带电的设备和电c.针对直接接触给以附加防护，如在维护和仪器的诊断与测试中与暴露的带电IEE配线规章指出：任何电压超过50V的沟通和120V的直流系统都需要直IEC出版479(2)包括了电击的影响和一系列15到100Hz沟通的电流/时间a.电击反应引起的不自觉动作如跌落重物导致身体受伤c.呼吸困难，假如人工呼吸不准时会导致窒息于正常状况的健康人和敏感RCD的操作人员来说，通常是持续240mS的30mA。c.使用障碍a.接地等电位和电源自动断开(EEBAD)b.使用2类仪器或等效隔离c.不导电场所护的断开时间在插座输出电路中少于0.4秒，在固定设备电路中不超过5秒；c.413-5,就是表41A1和41A2,显示了使断路时间满足不同等级和过流爱护器d.413-6和471-14是说，当EFLI值太高阻碍过流爱护器件达到需要的断路次数I.RCD-以欧姆计的EFLI与以安培计的ROC的乘积不应超过50I.FVD-EFLI(包括接地电极电阻和工作线圈电阻)不应超过500欧姆这两个要求的目标是在漏电大事中把接触电压限制到50V。e.413-4(i),允许在正常但具体条件下的插座接口电路中使用另一种方法来符合413-3。这种方法允许断路时间增加到5秒，限制爱护导电电阻的值在附f.471-12和471-47,要求在特定的电路上使用RCD,这种电路能在主工作区内适用于32A及以下等级的插座接口支持或者通过可变的32A及以下的电缆供应插座接口设备来说，断路时间不超过0.4秒不超过30mAROC的RCD爱护。通过在每个终端电路或终端电路组输送转如在有等级要求的ROC超过30mA或250mAROC超过40mS工作时间引起它们的工作原理是，它们的工作线圈正常状况下是和PC及接地端串联起过压延时作用的。当暴露导体的电压超过肯定值(通常时40V),工作线圈触发电路断a.假如来自或者前往工作线圈的PC没有被隔离，线圈可能短路b.类似的，假如接地电极不在其他接地电极或偶然或有意的接地路径影响连接的电流变换器。变换器的输出连接到无源b.求和转换器，继电器，传感器和电路断路器或接触器是单独的单元或包含在a.英国标准4293(3)允许ROC的0-50%的容限，允许拥有正常如30mAROC的器件，这种器件能在漏电流只有15mA时很好触发，如由很少使用的敏的RCD的误动作。d.商业应用的自包含RCD负载电流限制在80Amps。特点的放大器，这可以使RCD获得四种不同类型的工作时间特色，可以为系统的每一部分选择合适的一种。这些不同的RCD也可以应用b.固定时间延迟合理的。尽管电子式RCD目前比相像类型的无源产关于RCD必需强调的重要一点是，它们只供应导线与大地的直接或间接接势连线工作区外的可变电缆供电的设备。(参考规章471-12和471-47)实际上，允许使用一个单个的RCD爱护完整的设备，但是，由于规章允许RCD拥有被EFLI除后高达50的ROC,通常会选择基于这种应用的至少100mA,300mA或更高的ROC来避开可能由整个设备聚集的持续接地漏电流引起的危影响的终端电路数时，能供应更灵敏的爱护。由于转接口(0.4秒)所要求的断路时间远远小于固定设备，通常有必要用这种方法来爱护终端电路传输转接打开时由于潮湿的绝缘材料而通过持续高漏电流。这个漏电流很可能触发RCD,尤其在RCD爱护一个以上用具时。假如认为有必要在炊具和浸没式加热器的终端电路使用RCD,更好的方法是单独用RCD爱护每个电路，这些RCD包含有高于可能的持续漏电流的ROC,并且假如在一个设备上有一个主RCa.宽松的，带有围栏，电缆末端等b.宽松的，但部分围栏，带有无末端的掩盖和暴露带电导体，适合装上配c.装在消费者单元，配电盘等，爱护全部外接端电路或作为分开负载消费e.合并在BS1363中的插入式器件或调整器尽管IEE连线规章并不要求，通过30mARCD应用在工业设备终端电[1]潘海峰，总级多功能漏电爱护芯片的全定制设计，浙江高校硕士学位论2006.5,4-10页。[2]付文，家用漏电爱护器专用芯片设计，浙江高校本科生毕业论文(设计),2006.6,1-3页。[3]宋作贵，漏电爱护器应用中的几个问题，家庭电子，2005年9期。[4]张弘延，当前农网低压漏电爱护技术状况浅析，电气工程应用，2006年3[5]周积刚，王云香，剩余电流淌作爱护器的分类、性能参数及进展趋势，/Electricity/lo[6]朱建康，漏电爱护专用集成电路LW54133及其应用，低压电器，2006年4期，1-3页。[7]李家贤，周文成，滕松林，农村电网的漏电爱护方式及其装置的选择，/Electricity/loudianbaohuqi/20060716734.html,[8]M54133datasheet,MITSUBISHI[9]郭维，IntegratedCircuitFabrication,浙江高校微电子所课件，2006.9,23-26页。[10]A.M.GMINTO,SomeAspecFaultsinElectricalInstallations,Pr[11]G.BIEGELMEIER,DiscriminationandNuThispaperreviewssovariedrequirementsrelatingtoprotectioncationofrelevantprotectivedevices.Inparticular,itdistinguishesbetweentheapplicationofresidualcurrentdevicestoprotection",protectionagainstcausingfandprotectiontocomplywithrequirementsoftheIEEWiringRegulaRegulations(1)andthedefinitionsandterm-mentsoftheIEEWiringRegulationswithregardtoprotectionagainstdirectcontact,andtheapplicationofaultprotectionandotheras(Note:TheJanuarytheIEBWiringRegulations(1)deletedvoltagemaybesubjectedwhilesimposedconductivepartwhichofearth.ContactwithexpoEQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up2(tecti),curr)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up2(in),pr)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up2(tio),on)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up2(t),m)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up2(o),a)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up2(m),r)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up2(a),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up2(l),q)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up2(ir),re)overhcatingduetobyovercurrentprotectiofaults,highearthfaub.toprotectpersonnelagofelectrieshockdofequipmentorcablesthathavebdiagnosisand/ortestingofequipment,orzoneofmainequipotentialbondingsuchbeusedasthesolemeansofprequiresprotectionagainstdirectandin-directcontactanditwateretc,anylowervoltagesareconsiderednottobedangerous.IECPublication479(2)coverstheeffectswhichdefineshockmagnitudeintermsofnag-nitudeanddurationofcurthroughthebody.movementwhichcouldleinjurybyfalling,droppingheavycationifartificialrespirationcand.ventricularfibrillation(irreqularheartfunction)leadingtodeathifresuscita-effectresultingfromthepassageofelectrcurrentthroughthebodyand,therefore,doesthoughextremelyunconfdangerous.Inpractice,thedangerlevelsoftheregionof30mafor240msormore;forcurrentshigherthan30mAthedurationbecomescorresponRegulation412-1sofprotectionagainstdirectcontactthatnaya.insulationoflivepartb.useofbarriersorenclosures;c.useofobstacles;d.placingoutofreach.IntheUnitedKingdomthemajorityofilationsemployinsulationEQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up1(of),ma)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up1(o),b)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up1(t),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up1(ti),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up1(on),mp)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up1(a),y)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up1(g),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up1(a),d,)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up1(i),i)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up1(n),e)a.earthedequipotentialbondingandautomaticdisconnectIntheUnitedKingdomthemajorityofilationsemployinsulationnectionofsupplyasthemeansofprotectionTherelevantrequirementsoftheIEEWiringRegulations(1)withregardtosystemsusingEEBADandtheusa.413-1,whichbroadlystatesthattvoltagesshallbeofsuchmagnib.413-4,which,inbrief,statesthat413-4that,intheeven:ofearthfaults,dis-connectiontimestorthsecondsforfixedc.413-5,whichreferstoTablesnetforvariousratingcurrentprotectivedevices.Inrn-saenoughtopernitasufftime.However,inTTandITsystemsgeneralnassofearthitselfactsasthereturnpathfortheeinsteadofthePCsnormallymuchhigherthanthatofcircthevalueoftheEFLIpreventstheuseoftherequireddisconnecRCDsorFVDswerepernittedfuture,onlyRCDsaretobecharacteristicsofthesedevicesshouldcoilresistance)shouldnotexceedtheobjectofboththeserequirementsintheeventofanwayofcomplyingwith413-3fooutletcircuitsundernormalimittheprotectiveconductorresistanceIftheserequirementscanbesaf.471-12and471-47,whichrequiretheuseofRCDsoncertaintypesofcircuitswhichoriginatewithinazoneofmain,equipmentoutsidethegeneralmassofearth.Thetypesofdisconnectiontimedodatoryiftheequipmentisg.471-13,whichstatesthatinceeding30mh.Thiscanbemaybejustifiableinsomecircumstances;sufferfromseveraloperatingtimecharacteristicstobeobtainedsufferfromseveraloperatingtimecharacteristicstobeobtainedforeachpartofthesystem.Thesevarioustion,barriersetc)andnotainvalue(usuallyabouEQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(such),butio)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(s),s)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(onconstr),stemarou)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(u),n)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(c),d)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(onsi),thesi)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(t),t)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(e),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(,t),o)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(h),r)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(e),in)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(i),t)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(s),a)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(tri),lla)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(-),tion)directcontactinthecaseoffailureotherprotectivemeasuressuchEQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(o),s)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(in),ou)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(lat),no)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(on),ex)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(in),ce)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(h),m)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(ase),an)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(ated),oper)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up3(O),ng)EQ\*jc3\*hps15\o\al(\s\up5(250),as)EQ\*jc3\*hps15\o\al(\s\up5(m),b)EQ\*jc3\*hps15\o\al(\s\up5(A),a)EQ\*jc3\*hps15\o\al(\s\up5(.How),ck-u)EQ\*jc3\*hps15\o\al(\s\up5(ever),pt)EQ\*jc3\*hps15\o\al(\s\up5(,R),o)EQ\*jc3\*hps15\o\al(\s\up5(CDs),the)EQ\*jc3\*hps15\o\al(\s\up5(mu),ain)EQ\*jc3\*hps15\o\al(\s\up5(t),me)EQ\*jc3\*hps15\o\al(\s\up5(onl),an)EQ\*jc3\*hps15\o\al(\s\up5(y),s)EQ\*jc3\*hps15\o\al(\s\up5(euse),protec) mentionedabove,theIEEWiringRegulbeusedinnewinstallationsifRCDscTheirprincipleofoperationisthattheira.ifthePCstoandfromthecb.similarly,iftheearthelectrodeisnotoutsidethezoneofinfluenceofotherdeliberateearthpaths,theoperatic.spuriousoperationsometimesoccurscauseofearthfaultsinaneResidualcurrentdevicTheirprincipleofoperationisthatthemainlineandneutralconductorsofapassedthroughasummationcurrenttrans-formeroralternativelythroughresiduallyconnectedcurrenttransformers.which,inturn,isconnthelineandneutralcurrencurrentby-passestheCT(s);thereisenergisestherelaycircuitbreakerorcontactortoopenaub.wherethesummationCTandcircuitbreakerostallationbutsufferfrdustrialapplicationsorthathasanominalROmineralinsulatedelementsinlcookers,immersionheatersandthelikeEQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up4(current),sucha)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up4(sur),tho)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up4(g),s)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up4(es),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up4(and),aus)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up4(voltage),dbym)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up4(transien),orstarti)EQ\*jc3\*hps20\o\al(\s\up4(ts),n)C.theROCmayincreasetimeand,eveniftheRcDstestsbuisoperatedregularly,theincrROCcanbeappreciablable,selfcontainedRCDsislimitedtotronicamplifierwhichthentripsthecir-cuitbreakereitherdirectlthedisadvantagesofthepassivevoltagetransientsetemabeusedwheretheeffectofspuriocostisjustified.maybeprovidedwithRCDsatseveralplacesbeachievedbycurrentgradingoftheRCDsbutonlybytimegrading.Forthispurpose,fiershavingvariouscharacteristicswclectronicRCDscanbefiershavingvariouscharacteristicswd.inversedefinitemiinstallation,failureofinsulationetc,butsituationstosomcadvantadifficultieswithpassiveRCcostisjustified.Althoughelectronicareatpresentmoreexpensivethsivetypecounterparts,thepricedifferen-providecontactbetweenlineconductorsandconductorsandearth,andbetweenliveexposedconductiveotherexposedconductiveparts,extraneousconductivepartsortheconductivepartsorthegeneralmassoftorsorbetweenlineaRCDsANDFVDSINDOMESTIExceptforcertainsituationnormallynecessaryindomesticinprovidedthattherequiredtimescanbemetbyusingovercurrentprotec-tion.Thesituationsthezoneofmainequipotentialbondingb.onfinalcircuitsfeediloopimpedanceofacircuitistoohitherequireddisconnectiontimestobemet.RCDsmayalsobeinstalledatofthedesignerorconsumertoreducetheriskassociatedwithdirectand/orincontactwherethereisofotherprotectivemeansofprotectionagainstdirectcontactmeansofprotectionagainstdirectcontact.eventuallycausefiresifeventuallycausefiresifenoughtotriptheoInpractice,itispermissibletouseabut,sincetheRequlationspermittheapplicationwithanRotrippingthatmaybecausedbythecstandingearthleakagecurrentsofthewhinstallation.Ifitisnecessaryinstallation.Ifitisnecessaryformsofprotection,itispreferabletogroupsoffinalcircuits;thishastheadvan-groupsoffinalcircuits;thishastheadvan-providedwhileminimisingthenumberoffinalequipment,itisusuallyonlynecessarytointhisway;ifRCDsareusedonlighcircuits,itshouldberememberedthat,iftheytrip,anotherhazardmthatisworsethantheonebeingitshouldberememberedthatcertaintypesofappliances,egcookers,immersionheaters,havemineralinsulated,metalsheaswitchedonbecauseofdampnesshaveRCDsonfinalimmersionheaters,itisadvisabletoproteeachcircuitindividuallywithRCDshaviROCsthatarehigherthantheliearthleakageand,ifaninstallation,itsROCshouldbethanthesumofallthestancommerciallyinthefollowingphductors-suitablefboardsetc,eitherprotectingalle.incorporatedintoAsstatedabove,theIEEWiringRCDsANDFVDsINCOMMERInadditiontothepointsmadeabovthedevicesareusedincodustrialenvironmesimilarinstallationsmains-bornetransientvoaspassivetypeRCDbetrippedbythesetransients,elRCDsincorporatetransientsuppressionelectronictypeRCDsisgreofpassivetypes;forcertaformersecondaryneutralpoint,apersonwhoinstallationswheretheraccuracyofinstallationswherethernotcallforit,itiprovideearthfaultprotection'bymeansofanapplianceisbymeansofaflexiblandespeciallyiftheconnesocketoutleteveniftheappinthezoneofmainequipotentialbonding.riskofdamagetotheflexiblecablewhichaddedsafeguard,earthmonitorinmayresultinitspCbeingbrokeaddedsafeguard,earthmonitorintinualcheckontheintegrityoftheprotec-EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up2(con),ret)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up2(u),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up2(ctor),extr)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up2(the),xpe)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up2(fi),s)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up2(n),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up2(l),s)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up2(on),us)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up2(c),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up2(n),n)situationsofextrahazard,itisworthpro-vidingsocketoutletswittionaswellascarthmonitoritionaswellascarthmonitoriand,ifapieceofand,ifapieceofequipnentdevelopsannotoperatenorwillanRCDtripuntilaper-sonactuallytouchesexposedconducsonactuallytouchesexposedconducEQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up2(t),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up2(h),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up2(reis),toan)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up2(k),n)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up2(in),ce)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up2(e),ut)notprotectapersonagainstcontliveexposedconductivepartsagecurrentcanbelaragecurrentcanbelarleakagecurrentwillcauspowerlinefilterswhicharepurposeofsmoothingthesupplytoorprovi-tancenetworkofsuchfiltersincludescircumstancespermit,itmayorearthmonitoring,because,ifthecircuitdangerleakagecurrents,theintegrityofpCsismuchhigherandRCDsareonlynecessarywhighforthedisconnectiontimestobeIfRCDsarerequired,theIEEWiringRegutionsstipulatethatthetionsstipulatethattheproductoftheirnotexceed50.InthemejoritwheretheEFLIistoohighitisunltheROctobe2.5mAand,therefore,itmaysensitiveenoughtobetrwithRegulation413-6.standingearthleakagecurrRCDscannotbeused,itaffordsomedegreeofprotectionbyprovionthemainssocketoutletfeedingthemifprovidedwithapilotconnectionasthenormalphase,neutralantions.However,thisisnotreducetheriskassociaEQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(t),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(h),a)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(n),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(e),a)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(s),a)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(h),o)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(asbec),erpro)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(li),e)protectiveconductor.NormalRCDscannotbeusedbecauseoftheleakagecurlimitedpersonnelprotecearthfaultproteusingaspecialarrangementPCispassedthroughthesummationCTasweliasthephaseandneutfaultsonequipment,ifthePC,apersonstandingonthegroundEQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up4(side),bec)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up4(a),u)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up4(m),et)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up4(o),h)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up4(bi),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up4(e),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up4(i),le)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up4(nsta),ctric)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up4(lation),shoc)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up4(will),curr)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up4(be),nt)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up4(rotect),rough)hisbodywillby-passtheCT,reimbalancewhichleadstotripInapplyingthismethod,itmustbedoor,telephoneearths,securityearthscanaisobeusedoncearthleakagecurrentsbeaffectedbythem.Theprotectexposedconductivepartsintheeventoearthfaultandtheydonotprovidepprotectionagainstcontacconductors.Somemobileequipment,particu-larlymilitaryvehicltedbyinsulatedconductorsfromthetedbyinsulatedconductorsfromtheelectrode;bydoingthis,thedalsomonitorsthePCbecause,ifthereisachassisrisesinvoltaWherekCDsandearthmonitorinutilisingdoublewoundtransformerscomplyingwithtransformerscomplyingwithBS3535(4)ofmemberedthat,duetocaEQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(there),cann)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(r),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(ct),re)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(c),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(ne),on)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(io),o)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(andth),vecom)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(d),e)EQ\*jc3\*hps19\o\al(\s\up3(v),e)earthedneutralpoint,anearthfaultwhereaveryhignlevelofsafsafetythananythingsoavailable.ThisconsistsofthesupplyfedthroughadoubletransformerofwhichthecentrepointoftheInareaswherethereisductorssuchaselectronicrepaiandtrainingclassrooms,theriskcanbemin-inisedbynotonlyeliminatingconductivepartsinthevicinityofbenchesbutalsobyinstallingacombinatibutalsobyinstallingacombinatiEQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up2(the),pro)EQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up2(n),t)EQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up2(s),a)EQ\*jc3\*hps18\o\al(\s\up