中考英语课件（广东专版）第一部分第八节　谓语动词的时态

第一部分语法突破第八节谓语动词的时态新课程标准要求掌握和运用的六种时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。中考对动词的时态的考查最为重点,每年都有2—3题,趋向情景化、生活化,而时间状语的缺失使选项更有迷惑性。现在完成时5年5考(必须重点掌握),一般现在时5年3考(主要结合状语从句的“主将从现”原则),现在进行时5年1考,过去进行时5年1考,一般将来时和一般过去时5年1考。一、动词的形式绝大多数动词有五种基本形式,即动词原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词和第三人称单数。如：go—went—gone—going—goes。它们的形式及构成详见下表。序号形式变化规律写出动词的相应形式1第三人称单数(1)直接在词尾加-s(2)以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾,后面加-es(3)以辅音字母+y结尾,先将y变为i,再加-es①make→________

②stay→

③teach→

④go→

⑤try→

makesstaysteachesgoestries序号形式变化规律写出动词的相应形式2现在分词(1)直接在词尾加-ing(2)以不发音的e结尾,去掉e再加-ing(3)以重读闭音节加单辅音字母结尾,双写结尾的辅音字母再加-ing(4)以ie结尾,先将ie变为y,再加-ing①eat→_____________

②play→

③write→

④swim→

⑤die→

⑥lie→

eatingplayingwritingswimmingdyinglying序号形式变化规律写出动词的相应形式3过去式与过去分词(规则变化)(1)直接在词尾加-ed(2)以e结尾,直接加-d(3)以辅音字母+y结尾,先将y变为i,再加-ed(4)以重读闭音节加单辅音字母结尾,双写结尾的辅音字母再加-ed①work→____________

②enjoy→

③decide→

④carry→

⑤stop→

workedenjoyeddecidedcarriedstopped

说明：不规则动词的过去式与过去分词要根据不规则动词表逐个记忆(见中考英语短语与句型复习手册——易错词、不规则变化的词)。二、动词的时态序号时态主要用法例句及例词1一般现在时(do/does)(1)用来表示状态、特征或不受时间限制的客观存在和真理①TheEarth________

(move)aroundtheSun.

②Oneandone_______

(be)two.

③He

(visit)hisgrandparentsonceaweek.

④Lucyoften________

(go)tobedbeforeteno’clock.

⑤Assoonashe______

(get)there,he’llcallyou.

(2)表示习惯性和经常发生的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用。如always,everyday,usually,often,sometimes,everymorning/day/week/year…,twiceaweek,onSundays,atweekends…(3)用于由when,assoonas,if,unless等连词引导的时间、条件状语从句中表示将来要发生的动作movesisvisitsgoesgets序号时态主要用法例句及例词2一般过去时(did)(1)主要用于表达过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态,常用的时间状语有then,yesterday,lastweek,twoyearsago,justnow,inthepast,in2017,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,usedto,attheageof…①I

(be)illlastweek.

②Mike

(hurt)himselfthreedays

ago.(2)过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作I

(be)oftenlatelastterm.

washurtwas序号时态主要用法例句及例词3一般将来时(will/begoingtodo)(1)表示将来某一时间内要发生的动作或状态Theradiosaysit___________________

(rain)tomorrow.

(2)表示打算要做的事情,或有迹象表明要发生的事情I

(ski)thisweekend.

(3)在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来Iwon’tcomeifit____________

(rain)tomorrow.

(4)常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有tomorrow,soon,nextweek,inthefuture,oneday,someday,intwodays…Theplane_______________

(take)offinfiveminutes.

willrain/isgoingtorainamgoingtoski/willskirainswilltake序号时态主要用法例句及例词4现在进行时(am/is/aredoing)(1)用于表示现在正在进行的动作,也可以表示在最近一段时间内一直或反复进行的动作。注意：表状态、情感的动词没有现在进行时,这些动词有like,have(有),love,know,see,hear,smell,taste,wish,hope,forget,understand,remember等时间标志：look,listen,now,rightnow,atpresent,atthistime,atthe/thismoment,thesedays,when,while…①I________________(watch)TVatthemoment.

②Theworkers_____

____________________(build)aschoolthesedays.

4现在进行时(am/is/aredoing)(2)go,come,leave,start,move,sail,arrive,reach,getto等表示位置移动的动词的现在进行时可表示将来I’mcoming.He_______________

(leave)tomorrow.

amwatching

arebuildingisleaving序号时态主要用法例句及例词5过去进行时(was/weredoing)(1)表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正在进行的动作。常用时间状语有then,atthattime,attenyesterday,atthistimeyesterday,atthatmoment等In1980hewasstudyinginauniversity.I

(wash)clothesatthattime.

(2)用于由when,while引导的时间状语从句中Hefellasleepwhen/whilehe_____________

(read)hisnewspaper.

waswashingwasreading序号时态主要用法例句及例词6现在完成时(have/hasdone)(1)用来表达从过去开始的动作持续到现在。常与for和since表示一段时间的状语(for+时间段,since+时间点)或sofar,uptonow,inthepast/lastthreeyears,recently,lately等包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用①I

(study)Englishfortwoyears.

②We__________________

(learn)3,000Englishwordssofar.

(2)用来表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already,ever,never,just,yet,before等副词连用I

(nothave)mybreakfastyet,soI’mhungrynow.

havestudiedhavelearned/learnthaven’thad

序号时态主要用法例句及例词7现在完成时(have/hasdone)(3)注意：瞬间动词不能和表示一段时间的for短语和since短语连用,也不能用于howlong引导的疑问句中。如果要用,应先把瞬间动词改为相应的持续性动词。如：become—be

borrow—keepbuy—have

open—beopendie—bedead

leave—beawayclose—beclosed

finish—beoverbegin(start)—beon/lastjoin—beinHowlonghaveyoukeptthisbook？这本书你借了多久？Mikehasbeenawayfortendays.迈克离开已有十天了。三、易错点突破1.一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较一般过去时表示的动作或状态已结束；而过去进行时表示的动作在过去某个时间正在进行,可能完成了,也可能未完成。如：Marywrotealettertoherfriendlastnight.玛丽昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。(信已写完)Marywaswritingalettertoherfriendlastnight.昨晚玛丽在给她的朋友写信。(信不一定写完)(1)Healways

(go)toworkbybuslastyear.

(2)Whenwearrived,she

(make)somefreshcoffee.

wentwasmaking2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在。与现在完成时连用的时间状语有already,yet,still,just,sofar,inthelast(past)fewyears,before,ever,never,since+时间点,for+时间段等。现在完成时不与具体的过去时间连用,如yesterday,lastweek,twodaysago等。一般过去时只表明过去的动作或状态,与现在无关,常与具体的过去时间连用,如ago,yesterday,lastyear,in2002,justnow等。如：HehaslivedinNewYorkforeightyears.他在纽约已经住了八年了。(他现在仍在纽约)HelivedinNewYorkforeightyears.他在纽约住了八年。(他现在可能不在纽约了)(1)They

(live)heresince1983.

(2)I

(see)thisfilmyesterday.

(3)I

already

(see)thisfilm.

(4)Ann

(visit)herunclelastweekend.

havelivedsawhaveseenvisited3.have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeenin的区别have/hasgoneto意为“到某地去”,说话时该人不在现场；have/hasbeento意为“曾经去过某地”,现在已经回来了,后面可接次数,如once,twice,threetimes等,表示“去过某地几次”,也可和just,never,ever等连用；have/hasbeenin表示“在某地待了多长时间”,常与表一段时间的状语连用。如：(1)Mr.Wangisn’there.He

Qingdao.

(2)He

Londonforhalfamonth.

(3)Myfather

Beijingtwice.

(4)I

never

theGreatWall.

(5)I

Shanghaiforthreeyears.

hasgonetohasbeeninhasbeentohavebeentohavebeenin在语法选择和短文填空中,动词的时态主要通过上下文确定,因为语法选择和短文填空多为哲理性小故事,所以一般过去时考查得比较多,时态需根据全文确定,或者找到该句的时间状语,将符合意思的动词进行变形。一、动词的时态在语法选择中的考查1.(2021·广东中考·37题)Nowthecityishopingthatthebridge_______lotsoftouriststothearea.

A.brought

B.willbring

C.isbringing

D.wasbringingB满分突破2.(2021·广州中考·5题)Heworkssohardinthefield,butnowit_____

up.

A.dry

B.isdrying

C.dried

D.wasdrying3.(2022·广东中考·39题)She

herselfthatshestillhadalongwaytogoandthatsheshouldkeeppracticing…

A.tell

B.tells C.toldBC4.(2022·广州中考·13题)“Runningwaterfromthetapcanbeharmfultofish,”Dadexplained.“That

wecan’tputBobintofreshwaterrightaway.”

A.mean

B.means

C.meant

D.ismeaning5.(2023·广东中考·15题)Theseexperienceshaveinfluencedhislife.NowDavid

spacescience.

A.study

B.isstudying

C.wasstudyingBB6.(2023·广州中考·12题)MamaBirdbroughtthemtogetherand____

themtofly.

A.teach

B.teaches

C.taught

D.willteach7.(2023·汕头市潮阳区一模)Xuemo,thepennameofChenKaihong,

manygoodworkssince1988.

A.created

B.hascreated C.iscreatingCB8.(2023·阳江市二模)I

aboutthisthingoftenoverthepastyears.

A.thought

B.havethought C.willthinkB二、动词的时态在短文填空中的考查1.(2022·

广东中考·72题)Andnowithas

popularinEuropeandAmerica.

become/been2.(2023·

广东中考·43题)Accordingtosomeresearch,beforetoothbrushesappeared,theancientChinesepeople

theirteethwithsomesmalltreebranches(树枝).

it

either

be

because

what

else

by

invent

clean

popular

habit

hundredcleaned(

)1.I

iceskatingthisSunday.Doyouwanttocome？(2023·河北省)

A.go B.went C.wasgoing D.willgoD真题链接(

)2.Internationalsearchandrescue(救援)teamshaverushedtoTurkeytohelpforthehugeearthquakes.China

an82-memberChinaSearchandRescueTeam.

(2023·黄石市)A.sends

B.wassent

C.hassent

D.hasbeensentC(

)3.—Peter,whatwereyoudoingatthistimelastnight？—I

chesswithmygrandfather.(2023·镇江市)

A.play

B.wasplaying

C.amplaying

D.playedB(

)4.—SuHai,whatwillyoudoforthecomingFather’sDay？—I

abeautifulcardformyfather.(2023·淮安市)

A.design

B.designed

C.willdesign

D.wasdesigningC(

)5.Jessica

everynightbeforeherChinesetestandgotgoodresults.

(2023·武汉市)A.studies B.studied C.hasstudied D.willstudyB(

)6.Ifyouheatice,it

intowater.(2023·天水市)

A.turns B.turned C.wasturning D.hasturned(

)7.Thebookmustbegreat.Mysister

itfivetimes.(2023·河北省)

A.reads

B.hasread

C.isreading

D.wasreadingAB(

)8.—Lucy,whatareyoudoing？—I

amodelship.(2023·北京市)

A.make B.made C.ammaking D.wasmakingC(

)9.Ifyougototheconcertwithustomorrow,you

agreattimehere.

(2023·北京市)A.have

B.had

C.willhave

D.havehadC(

)10.CouldyoupleaseturndowntheTV?Yourfather_______

onhisarticle.

(2023·长春市)A.wasworking

B.worked

C.isworking

D.worksC语法选择(主要考查时态)(2023·惠州二模)

Katyisanactressandaplayeraswell.Sheisapersonwhorefuses

1

thewords“no”or“Ican’t”.

Shewasbornwithoutthelowerhalfofherlegs.She

2

prosthetic(假肢的)legsallherlifesinceshewasfour.Shehadanactivechildhood.Shekeptupwithhersistersandbrothersatthegymandintheswimmingpool.Shefeels

3

.Herfamilyhastreatedherinthesamewayas

4

members.

模拟突破 Whenapersonisbornwithoutlegs,therearelotsofthingsthataredifficulttodo.

5

Katybelievesshecandoanything.Shechosetodotwothingsthataredifficultevenwithbothlegs.

6

ateenager,shesawamoviethatwasverymeaningfultoher.Beforeitwasover,Katyhadmadeherminduptobeanactress.

Shegotadegreeintheaterandthensheplayedrolesintheater,televi