阅读理解-词义猜测题-2023年高考英语练习（原卷版）（全国通用）

秘籍03阅读理解.词义猜测题

目录

高考预测考查概率预测；难度预测；考向预测

应试秘籍常考题型解题技法分析

典例剖析单题训练（文体分类）篇章模考题训练

误区点拨常见错点梳理习题训练巩固

名校模拟2023最新省市联考真题考点综合训练

高考预测

概率预测☆☆☆☆☆

难度预测☆☆☆☆

①记叙文的考查（重点句的把握）

考向预测②说明文的考查（文章结构；谁明对象）

③议论文的考查（中心论点的把握）

应试秘籍

1.利用代入法来猜测词义

将备选答案逐一代入文中，看哪个选项能使句意通顺、连贯，且与上下文内容一致，注意被猜词和正

确选项的感情色彩要契合。

示彳列：Turnoffyourcomputer.Thecomputerwilldistractyoufromyourjobathand-listening.

44.Theunderlinedword“distract“inthe6thparagraphmeans"____________2

A.使担忧B.使放松C.使分心D.使冷静

分析：从感情色彩契合方面考虑，由原文“Turnoffyourcomputer.”可排除B、D项。把A、C项的意思

分别代入原文中，”计算机会让你在工作中分心”更通顺、连贯，故选C.

2.根据生活常识来猜测词义

示例：Later,hebecameateacherandstartedthefirstpublicschoolinChinesehistory.Atthattimeonly

childrenfromnoblefamiliescouldgotoschool,butConfuciusbelievedeveryoneshouldgotoschoolifthey

wantedtolearn.Hehadabout3,000studentsinhislifetime.

48.Theunderlinedword“noble"inParagraph3hastheclosestmeaningto.

A.poorB.brightC.wealthyD.cute

分析：画线的单词是noble,根据常识可知，当时只有富裕家庭的孩子可以去上学，但孔子相信每一个

人都应该去上学，由此可知noble和wealthy意义最接近，故选C.

3.据转折、因果等逻辑关系来猜测词义

示例：Scientistsusedtobelievethatpeopletamedcatstocatchmiceandprotectthegrain.However,catsdon,t

liketobetoldwhattodo!

54.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordςςtamedπmeaninChinese?

A.驱散B.捕捉C.驯化D.引进

分析：根据下句"However,catsdontliketobetoldwhattodo!”中表示转折的HOWeVer可知，前后两句意

思相反,故tamed与betoldwhattodo意思相同，故选C.

4.根据上下文语境来猜测词义

示例：Isitpossibletobebornshy?Manyscientistssayyes.Theysay15to20percentofbabiesbehaveshyly.

Thesebabiesarealittlequieterandmorewatchfulthanotherbabies.Interestingly,theseshybabiesusuallyhave

shyparents.Asaresult,scientiststhinkthatsomeshynessisgenetic.

51.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordςςgeneticninParagraph2probablymean?

A.Passeddownfromparents.

B.Learnedfromfriends.

C.Taughtbyteachers.

D.Madeupbybrothers.

分析：由画线单词上一句中的theseShybabieSUSUaHyhaVeShyParentS.”可知，这些害羞的婴儿的父母

通常也很害羞，所以，画线的单词指“父母身上继承而来的”，故选A.

5.通过句法功能来猜测词义

示例：VanuatuisanislandnationintheSouthPacific.Itisoneofthesmallestcountriesintheworld.Butfor

thosewhoareinterestedinadventureandsport,thereisalottodo.Vanuatu'sislandsoffervisitorstwoofthemost

excitinganddangerousactivitiesintheworld:volcano（火山）surfingandlanddiving.

61.InLine2,whatdoesthewordςςthose,,mean?

A.People.B.Animals.C.Activities.DJslands.

分析：定语从句whoareinterestedinadventureandsport修饰先行词those.关系代词who指人，其先行

词those也应指人，故选A.

6.利用构词法猜测词义

英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前缀、后缀形成的，因此运用构词法来判断生词的意义是一种快

速、有效解决词汇障碍的方法。前缀往往是改变词义的，如：dislike,unhappy,inexpensive,impossible等表示

否定意义；后缀往往是改变词性的，如：Politely,invention,teacher等。

7.利用同义词或反义词猜测词义

有时作者为了使自己的意思表达得更清楚明白，通常用一个或多个同义词、近义词、反义词或英文解

释来说明文中一个比较难的词或关键词。通过我们熟悉的单词或解释，用已知的知识就不难推断出生词的

词义。

寥［篌区支校

答题第一步：I浏览题干及选项，标注定位词。（见题干及选项标线处）

答题第二步"带着问题通读全文，标注4类词：时间、地点、概念等名词（用红色底纹表示），极端词

和程度词（用蓝色底纹表示），态度词和语气词（用粉色底纹表示），逻辑词和关系词（用绿色底纹表示）。

I-.>.lay,anincreasinnumberofpeoplearealwayslookingattheirtheirheadsdown.These

peoplearecalledthe"Heads-downTribe（低头族）Areyouaheads-downtribemember?

membersnowcanbeseeneverywhere.

Moreandmorehappeningbecausemoredriversusemobilephoneswhentheyare

driving.Inordertomakedriverspaymoreattentiontodriving,somene∖∣trafficruleshavebeenmade.For

example,peoplewhousemobilephoneswhiledrivinginarefined（罚款）。

whobreakthetrafficrulewillbefinedNT$3,000andNT$1,000respectiVeIy（分另IJ地）。

Aswecanseeabove,usingmobilephonesmaycauseaccidentsandevencostalotofmoney.Also,moreand

moreiι∏erestinjand[tranjfactshappentothe"Heads-downTribe".Let'shavealookataninterestingTVreport.

keptusinghismobilephoneonhiswayhome.Asaιesult,heknockedintoabiglostbear.When

heliftedhiseyesfromthephone,hewassoafraidthatheturnedaroundandranawayquickly.Anotherfactisthat

wecanoftenseepeopleinthefacetofacebutlookingattheirownmobilephones.It'sstrangethat

theydon'ttalktotheoneswhositoppositetothemduringthemeal.Someofthemevenhavefuncommunicating

withothersonthephone.

Mobilephonesare^^Handtoolsformodemlife.Aremobilephonesgoodorbad?Itdependson

howpeopleusethem.Let'sbe"healthy"usersandtιytobethe

如今，一个总是低头看手机的群体出现了，人数呈现上升趋势。这些人被称作“低头族”。

你是一名低头族吗？低头族如今到处可见。

由于越来越多的驾驶员开车使用手机，交通事故的发生越来越频繁。为了使驾驶员更加专心地驾驶汽

车，各地制定了一些新的交通法规。例如，在台湾，人们在驾驶过程中使用手机会被罚款。那些违反交通

法规的汽车驾驶员和摩托车驾驶员将分别被罚款新台币3000元和IoOO元。

从上面可以看出，使用手机可能会造成交通事故，甚至会付出一大笔钱。同样地，越来越多的有趣、

新奇的事情发生在‘'低头族"身上。让我们来看一则有趣的电视报道。一名美国人在回家的路上不停地使用着

手机。结果他撞上了一只迷路的熊。当他把目光从手机上面移开抬起头（看到熊）时，他吓得赶紧转身，

飞速跑走了。另一个情况就是，我们常常看到人们在餐厅里面对面坐着吃饭，但每个人的目光却都落在自

己的手机上。像他们这样在吃饭时不与面对面坐着的人讲话的现象非常奇怪。其中一些人甚至充满兴趣地

与手机上其他人交流着。

手机在现代人的生活中是很有帮助且不可或缺的工具。手机究竟是好是坏？这就要取决于人们该怎么

使用它们了。让我们做“健康的”手机使用者，努力成为“抬头族

答题第三步：根据题干或选项定位词找回原文，将选项与原文进行对比、归纳，确定答案。

答题第四步：核对答案，反思错题。

61.Aheads-downtribemember.定位到第一段第二句

A.isgoodatusingtheInternet

B.isadangerousdriver

C.isalwayslookingathisorhermobilephone

错因分析：易错选B.第二段大篇幅描写开车时使用手机导致越来越多的车祸发生，因此误认为B项是

正确答案。其实仔细看第二段就会明白，车祸的发生与驾驶员开车时看手机有关。若把B项代入题干则成

了“低头族是危险的驾驶员”，而“低头族”概念在第一段已经给出，是“总是低头看手机的一个群体”，故B项

与原文不符。

正确解答：C细节理解题。由第一段前两句可知，“低头族”是总是看手机的一群人，故选C.

62.Theunderlinedword“motorcyclists”inthepassagemeansinChineSe.定位到第二段最后一

句

A.摩托车手

B.手机使用者

C.低头族

错因分析：易错选B.文章讲的是总是低头看手机的人，易忽视语境、盲目猜测此处表示“手机使用者工

正确解答：A

词义猜测题。由第二段后半部分”...peoplewhousemo-bilephoneswhiledrivinginTaiwanarefined.Car

driversandmotorcyclistswhobreakthetrafficrulewillbefinedNT$3,000andNTS1,000respectively.“可知，前一

句是说在台湾开车时使用手机的驾驶员会被罚款，下一句又讲了两种违反交通法规的人将被罚，其中and

为并列连词，其前后的词应是并列的。既然CardriVerS意为“汽车驾驶员”，那么motorCyCliStS也应为“……驾

驶员结合选项可知，motorCyeIiStS意为“摩托车手

63.TheAmericanwaswhenheknockedintothebear.定位到第三段中间部分

A.drivingacar

B.goingtowork

C.usinghismobile

正确解答：C细节理解题。由第三段中间两句"AmaninAmericakeptusinghismobilephoneonhisway

home.Asaresult,heknockedintoabiglostbear.”可知，当他撞到熊时，他一直目不转睛地使用手机，故选C.

64.Accordingtothepassage,the“Heads-downTribe"whentheyeatinarestaurant.定位至悌三

段倒数第二、三句

A.lookattheirownmobilephones

B.don,ttalktothepeoplewhositopposite

C.bothAandB

错因分析：易错选A.忽视C项的意思，看到A项正确就草率地选出答案。

正确解答：C细节理解题。由第三段倒数第二、三句"Anotherfact..butlookingattheirownmobilephones.

Ifsstrangethattheydon,ttalktotheoneswhositoppositetothemduringthemeal.”可知,A项和B项都是低头

族在餐厅时的表现，故选C.

65.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Driveyourcarcarefully

B.Usemobilephonesproperly

C.Beaheads-downtribemember

错因分析：易错选C.文章开头就提到heads-downtribe了，误认为这就是文章的主题，忽视最后一段的

意思。

正确解答：B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要描述了“低头族”现象，并举例说明了这一现象引

发的问题，最后呼吁读者做“抬头族”，做“健康的”手机使用者。由此可知，B项能概括本文主旨，适合做标

题。

答题第五步：I整理词汇和长难句，并将需要积累的内容整理在学霸笔记本上。

长难句分析：Anotherfactisthatwecanoftenseepeopleintherestauranteatingfaceto

主语谓语that引导表语从句

facebullookingattheirownmobilephones.

现在分词短语作宾语补足语

另一个情况就是，我们常常看到人们在餐厅里面对面坐着吃饭，但每个人的目光却都落在自己的手机

上。

句法分析：句中that引导表语从句；SeeSb.do∕doingsth.意为“看见某人做/正做某事"。seesb.dosth.5⅛

调看见动作的全过程，seesb.doingsth∙强调看见动作正在进行。

善名假接刎

1.（2023秋•福建三明♦高三统考期末）Asaclassiclovemovieofthetwentiethcentury,Titanicmakesonescenea

long-lastingcinematicshot:Jackletgoofhishandandsankintheicyseawater,leavingthechanceoflivingtohis

loverRose,whofinallysurvivedonawoodendoordebris（残骸）.

MorethanIOOyearssincethedisastrouseventandmorethantwodecadesaftertheearliestreleaseofthemovie

Titanic,therehavebeenmanyt4doortheories,∖AudiencesdebateheatedlyoverwhetherornotJackandRosecould

havebothfitontothewoodendebrisandsurvived.So,wasthereroomforJack?

InaTVprogram,hostsJamieandAdamevendidanexperimentusinganexactreplica（复制品）ofthewooden

piecefromthemovie,andthetwoprovedthatiftheyhadtiedRose,slifejackettothebottomofthedoorto

strengthenitsbuoyancy（浮力）,theywouldhavemanagedtostayafloat.

However,theirconclusionwasdebunkedwhendirectorCameronsaidthatthefreezingwaterandJack,shigh

temperaturewouldhavemadethelifejacketsolutionimpossible.Healsosaidthatthedebateisbeyondthepoint

themoviewastryingtomake,whichisfocusedonthetragiclovestoryofJackandRose,notphysics.

ThelargestdebrisrecoveredfromtherealTitanicisnowdisplayedintheMaritimeMuseum.Themuseum,s

websitestatesthatareplicawasoncebuiltforthemoviebasedonthemuseum,sTitaniccollectionwhichwas

knownasthe"door"usedinthedeathscene.Unfortunately,thesizeofthedebriscoupledwiththeweightofRose

ontopcouldwork,butnotifJack,sadditionalweightwasaddedtoit.

Inaword,sciencehasproventhatJackdidn,tdiefornothinganddidindeedsacrificehimselftosavetheloveof

hislife.

1.What,sthepurposeofparagraph1?

A.Toleadintothetopic.B.Tointroduceamovie.C.Toraiseaquestion.D.Tohighlightcharacters.

2.WhatistheconclusionofJamieandAdambasedon?

A.Thedevelopmentoftheplot.B.Aphysicsexperiment.C.Thethemeofthemovie.D.Aheateddebate.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“debunked“inparagraph4mean?

A.Confirmed.B.Opposed.C.Approved.D.Concerned.

4.Wecaninferthatthemovie,sendingis.

A.UnrealisticB.confusingC.reasonableD.suψrising

2.（2023秋•黑龙江哈尔滨•高三哈师大附中校考期末）WhenyouthinkoftheHimalayas,youmaypicturetall,

rocky,snow-coveredpeaks.Butthat,snottrue.

Thesubnival（亚冰雪的）regionisthezonebetweenthetreelineandthesnowline.Itis5to5timesaslargeasthe

areasofglaciersandpermanentsnow,whichmeansstudyingitisvitaltounderstandingtheHimalayasasawhole.

Thetreelineistheedgeofanecosystemwheretreesareabletogrow,andbeyondthetreelineenvironmental

conditionsbecometootoughtoallowtreegrowth.Meanwhile,snowlinesaretheboundariesonmountainsthat

separateareaswithpermanentsnow（wheresnowispresentforthemajorityoftheyear）fromareaswithseasonal

ornosnow.

Researchersusedsatellitedatafrom1993to2018tomeasureplantcoverbetween4,150metersand6,000meters

abovesealevel.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatthegreatestincreaseinplantcoverwasbetweenanaltitudeof5,000

metersand5,500meters.Subnivalplantsmostlyincludesmallshrubsandgrasses.

Evenareasoncecompletelyoccupiedbyglaciersnowholdrockscoveredwithmosses,lichen,andsometimeseven

flowers.Inaddition,thesnowlineseemstoberetreating,whilethetreelineisexpanding.Thisshowsthattheregion

isbecomingwarmer,causingmoremeltingofsnowandallowingvegetationtomoveupinheight.

Inthepast40years,25%ofallHimalayanicehasbeenlostduetoglobalwarming.Himalayanglaciersare

reducingbyabout0.5meterseachyear.Therateofglaciermeltinghasdoubledinthisdecade.Themeltingof

glaciersincreaseswaterintheregion,makingitwetter.Recedingsnowalsoforcesthesnowlinetomoveup,

providingagreateramountofareaforthewarmandmoistconditions,whichareperfectforvegetationgrowth.

Asofnow,wedonotknowwhethervegetationwillaccelerateorslowdowntherateofglaciermelting.

5.Howdoesthewriterdevelopthethirdparagraph?

A.Byexplainingconcepts.B.Byprovidingsomeexamples.

C.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.D.Bylistingspecificdata.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"retreating“meaninParagraph5?

A.Disappearing.B.Lengthening.C.Withdrawing.D.Widening.

7.WhatisthedirecteffectofglobalwarmingontheHimalayas?

A.Thesnowlinemovesup.B.Glaciersaremeltingfaster.

C.Thesubnivalareaiswetter.D.Plantsgrowmuchbetter.

8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.TheclimateoftheHimalayasischanging.B.IcebergsintheHimalayashavedisappeared.

C.PlantsarediverseintheHimalayas.D.PlantlifespreadsintheHimalayas.

3.（2023•天津南开•南开中学校考模拟预测）Lastyear,apopularrestaurantreleasedalivestreamofafamily

dininginit,withoutaskingtheirpermission.Afterfindingoutwhattherestaurantwasdoing,thefamilyshowed

theirobjection,buttherestaurantignoreditandinsistedthattheyhadtherighttodoit.Moreover,theytriedto

silencethefamily,sayingthattheirbehaviorwasdamagingtherestaurant'simage.Thiseventhascausedadebate

ontheviolationofprivacyandportraitrightsbywebcasts.

Itdoesn'tbothersomepeoplewhentheirimagesareunconsciouslyrecordedbycamerasandshownthroughlive

streamsondifferentonlineplatforms.Theymayevenenjoyappearingonscreensandcooperatewithsome

businesses.Inthatway,therestaurantcanhavemorepublicexposureandthusattractmorecustomers,whichis

theirpurposeofwebcasting.However,othersincludingthefamilymentionedabove,areagainstit.Thefamily

thoughtthattheirportraitrightswereviolated,consideringnoonehadaskedifitwasokaytousetheimagesof

them.Theyfoundintolerablethattheiractionscapturedbythecamerawerewebcastlivetomillionsofviewers,not

tomentionthefactthatsomeofthemwerenotsodecent.Thustheydemandedanapologyfromrestaurant.

Peoplemaybehaveinarelaxedwaywheneatingorresting,andtheydon'twantotherstoseetheminthisway.

Thus,fromalegalperspective,ifbusinesseswebcasttheircustomersforcommercialreasons,theyhaveviolated

customersportraitrights.

Webcastingsomeonewithouthisorherconsentamountstoaviolationofportraitrights,whichisgetting

increasinglycommonthesedaysascellphonewebcastingisgrowinginpopularityfortechnicalconvenience,

However,publicawarenessofprivacyprotectionisstillfallingbehind.Moreshouldbedonetomakesure

webcastingisdevelopingsustainably,withoutviolatingpeople'slegalrights.

9.Whatisthemajorissuearguedinthepassage?

A.Afamousrestaurantpublishedalivestreamofafamilydininginit.

B・Thefamilyshowedtheirobjectiontothefamousrestaurant'swebcast.

C.Therestaurantignoredtheobjectionandinsistedtheyhadtherighttodoit.

D.Therestaurantclaimedthatthefamilywasdamagingtherestaurant'simage.

10.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordπthatπinParagraph2referto?

A.Customersenjoyappearingonscreens.

B.Customerscooperatewithsomebusinesses.

C.Customersareshownthroughlivestreamsonline.

D.Customersareunconsciouslyrecordedbycameras.

11.Whichofthefollowingbehaviorsmayviolatecustomers'privacyandportraitrights?

A.Businesseswebcastcustomersliveaccordingtotheiragreement.

B.Businesseswebcastcustomersforcommercialreasonsandpaythem.

C.Businesseswebcastcustomersimproperactionswiththeirpermission.

D.Businesseswebcastcustomersbehavinginarelaxedwaywithoutinformingthem.

12.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Publicawarenessofprivacyprotectionisincreasing

B.Afamousrestaurantreleasedalivestreamofafamily

C.Howcanpeoplebehaveinarelaxedwaywhenhavingarest

D.Adebateonwhetherwebcastsviolateprivacyandportraitrights

13.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardwebcasts?

A.Objective.

B.Negative.

C.Positive.

D.Subjective.

4.（2023春•上海•高三同济大学第一附属中学校考阶段练习）MorethanascoreofAustralianraremammalshave

beenkilledbywildcats.ThesePredatOr（扑食者），whicharrivedwithEuropeansettlers,stillthreatennative

wiɪdlife-andaretooplentifulonthemainlandtoeliminate,ashasbeenachievedonsomesmallislandswhichwere

previouslyfilledwiththem.ButAlexandraRossoftheUniversityofNewSouthWalesthinksshehascomeupwith

adifferentwaytodealwiththeproblem.AsshewritesinapaperintheJournalofAppliedEcology,sheisgiving

feline（猫科的）-awarenesslessonstowildanimalsinvolvedinherintroductionprograms,inordertotrytomake

themcat-conscious.

ManyAustralianmammals,thoughnotactuallyextinct,arerestrictedtofragmentsofcat-freehabitat.Thiswill,

however,puttheforcedmigrantsbackinthesightsofthecatsthatcausedtheprobleminthefirstplace.Training

themigrantswhiletheyareincaptivity,usingstuffedmodelsandthesortsofsoundsmadebycats,hasproved

expensiveandineffective.MsRossthereforewonderedwhetherputtingtheminlargenaturalenclosureswitha

scatteringofpredatorsmightserveasaformoftrainingcamptopreparethemforintroductionintotheirnew,

cat-riddenhomes.

ShetestedthisideaonatypeOfbandiCoOt（袋狸）thatsuperficiallyresemblesarabbit.Sheandhercolleaguesraised

twohundredbandicootsinahugeenclosurethatalsocontainedfivewildcats.Asacontrol,sheraisedanearly

identicalpopulationinasimilarenclosurewithoutthecats.Sheleftanimalstogetonwithlifefortwoyears,which,

giventhatbandicootsbreedfourtimesayearandliveforaroundeightyears,wasaconsiderableperiodforthem.

AftersomePredation（扑食）andprobablysomelearning,sheabstracted21bandicootfromeachenclosure,attached

radiotransmitterstothemandreleasedthemintoathirdenclosurethathadtenhungrycatsinit.Shethen

monitoredwhathappenednext.Theoutcomewasthatthetrainingworked.Overthesubsequent40daystenofthe

untrainedanimalswereeatenbycats,butonlyfourofthetrainedones.Oneparticularbehavioraldifferenceshe

noticedwasthatbandicootsbroughtupinapredator-freeenvironmentweremuchmorelikelytosleepalonethan

werethosebroughtuparoundcats.Andwhenarearound,sleepingaloneisdangerous.Howwellbandicootsthat

haveundergonethisextremetrainingwillsurviveinthewildremainstobeseen.ButMsRosshasatleastprov

reasonforhope.

14.Whatcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Thefeline-awarenesslessonshaveprovedineffective.

B.TherearetoomanywildcatstobekilledinAustralia.

C.Differentwayshavebeentriedtohuntandkillwildlife.

D.Nativewildlifehasbeenthreatenedbygrowingpopulation

15.Theforcedmigrantsinthesecondparagraphreferto

A.Australianmammalsrestrictedtocertainareas

B.Thewildcatstrackingdownthemammals

C.Wildanimalsinvolvedintheprogram

D.Thepredatorscapturedbytheanimaltrainers

16.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthefirsttwoenclosures?

A.Theywerebothcloselymonitored.

B.Theyhad200bandicootsintotal.

C.Theyhadsimilarnaturalenvironment.

D.Theybothhadwildcatsinthem.

17.WhatwasthefindingofMsRoss,researchproject?

A.Untrainedbandicootsfailedtoidentifycats.

B.Trainingbandicootspreparedthemtofightcats.

C.Sleepingaloneinthewildwasdangerous.

D.Bandicootscouldbetrainedtoavoidpredators.

5.（2023春•上海•高三复旦附中校考阶段练习）E-cigarettesBan:GoodnewsforTobacco?

Theproposedbanonflavorede-cigarettesmaydrivemanyAmericansbacktocigarettes,saidChristopherPalmeri

andJeffGreenintheLosAngeTimes.

Respondingtoanoutbreakofhundredsofseriouslungillnessesfromvapes（电子烟）thalkilledaseventhperson

thisweek,FDA（食物药品监管局）willoutlaweverythingbuttobacco-flavored-cigarettes,asMichiganandNew

Yorkstaterecentlydid.Flavorslikebutteredpopcornandmangohelpedcreate"anexplosion11inteenvaping.But

hundredsofthousandsofteensalreadyaddictedtonicotine-and9millionadultswhovape-maysimplyreplace

vapingwithtobaccoproducts.Bybanningfavoredvapesthegovernmentmaybe"closingthesheddoorafterthe

horsehasgottenout.',

Nobodyvapes"becausetheflavorissoamazing,"saidDavidMarcusinTheFederalistcom.Thafswhythebanis

soclueless.πIfkidswanttotastebubblegum,theycanbuy,youknow,bubblegum.πVapinggiantslikeJuulneedto

behonestaboutthefactthatthey,reinthenicotinebusiness,andmonitorthemselvesaccordingly.Theyshould

spendbillionsensuringthatstoresdon,tselltominorsinsteadoftoutingthe"scientificconclusionπthate-cigarettes

aresaferthansmoking.Theburninginvolvedinsmokingcigarettescreatestarandabunchofchemicalsnot

presentine-cigarettes,wateryvapor.True,butnicotineisalsoadangerousandaddictivedrugandvapingliquid

itselfcontainschemicalsthatdamagebloodVeSSeIS（血管）."Theideaofsafesmoking"is',alie,nandthevaping

industry'sfruit-andcandy-flavoredpods'*areproofofevilintent."

"Themassiveincreaseinteenvapersπisareasonableconcern,saidRobertGebelhoffinWashingtonP.But

theevidencesuggeststhatthelungillnessesthatledthegovernmenttoactwerecausedbyblack-marketproducts

cutwithdangeroussubstance.Banningfavoredvapeswillonlydrivemorenicotineaddictsandteenstotheblack

market,whichwillbehappytoprovidefruitypods.Insteadofbanningflavors,thegovernment"shouldempower

theFDAtofullyregulatetheindustry.'1Thatwouldletscience,"notpanic,guideourpolicy.1'

18.Whatledtotheproposedbanone-cigarettes?

A.Popularflavorslikemangoledtoteennicotineaddiction.

B.Thelackofproperlegalsupervisioninthevapingindustry.

C.Anincreasednumberofdeathsresultingfromlungdiseases.

D.Thesharpincreaseinthesaleofunhealthytobaccoproducts.

19.Whatmighthappenifthebantakeseffect?

A.FDAwouldregulatethetobaccoindustrymoreeffectively.

B.Thevapingindustrywouldbemorestrictlymonitored.

C.Theevilintentofthevapingindustrywouldberevealed.

D.Thetobaccoindustrymightregainitspreviousglory.

20.Theunderlinedword"touting"probablymeans.

A.PromotingB.challengingC.assumingD.tolerating

21.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsvapeban?

A.Supportive.B.DisapprovingC.UninterestedD.Impartial.

6.（2023•福建福州•福建省福州第一中学校考一模）ResearchersattheUniversityofScotlandhavediscovereda

proteinthatcaninfluencevirusesdevelopingandevencancontrolcancer.Nowthefightisontofullyunderstand

howitworksinthehopeofturningthelaboratoryresearchintoatreatment.

TheproteiniscalledHira.Technicallyitisahistone（组蛋白）complex,butitiseasiertounderstandintermsof

whatitcando.ThreeyearsagoDrTaranjitSinghRaiandcolleaguesattheBeatsonCancerInstituteandGlasgow

UniversityreportedthatHiracouldpossiblysuppressthedivisionofcellsthatcausescancer.Inthecourseofthat

research,DrRaifoundoutsomethingunusual.InthelabtheyhaveestablishedthattheHiraproteinhasaroleto

playintheanti-viralfight,thus,makingithaveafundamentalroletoplayinfightingagainstcancer.

ThetrickinusingittofightdiseasesmaylieinincreasingHiralevelsinourcells.44Ithinkwhatresearchersmight

beinterestedinishowWecanincreaselevelsofthisproteintodealwiththevirusesbetter,DrRaisaid.

DrRaihasledaninternationalstudyandsupporthascomefromCancerResearchUKandtheresultsarepublished

inthejournalNucleicAcidsResearch.Butthereisamajorconcernthattheresearchisstilllimitedtothe

laboratory.

Itisgoingtotakesometime,probablyyears,beforethisworkcanmoveoutofthelabandintoclinicsandhospitals.

ButtheresearchersareexcitedHirawillonedaybethebasisofanewapproachinmedicine.

22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“suppress"inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Motivate.B.Monitor.C.Control.D.Improve.

23.Whatcanbeknownfromthetext?

A.Hirahasbeenusedinthemedicaltreatment.

B.MorestudiesshouldbedoneonHira.

C.ThelevelsofHiraincellsareunchangeable.

D.Hiracanbringaboutsideeffects.

24.Whatistheresearchers'attitudetothefutureofHira?

A.Cautious.B.Optimistic.

C.Disapproving.D.Doubtful.

25.What'sthetextmainlyabout?

A.Anewwaytousetheprotein.

B.Anewapproachtoimprovingthedivisionofcells.

C.Anewmedicinethatcanfightdiseases.

D.Aproteinthatcanstopvirusesdeveloping.

7.（2023•海南省直辖县级单位•统考一模）GPShascompletelytransformedhowwegetaround.Butotheranimals

havelonghadtheirnavigation（领航）systemsbuiltrightin.

“Weknowtheireyesarequitesensitivetopolarized（偏振的）lightandtheskyhasaparticularpatternofpolarized

lightrelativetothepositionofthesun,^^BarbaraWebb,aresearcherattheUniversityofEdinburgh,says.

Youcanseepolarizedlightfirsthandifyoutakeapairofpolarizedsunglassesandspinthemagainstthesky-the

lightpassingthroughtheglasseschanges.Webbsaystheinsectshavepolarizationlikethatbuiltintotheirmany

eyes.ςςYoucanthinkofitashavinglotsofsunglassespointingindifferentdirections.^^

ButWebbwascuriouswhetherthere,sreallyenoughinformationintheskytogiveinsectsanaccuratesenseof

direction.Soherteambuiltasensor（传感器）modeledafteradesertanteyeandputitunderartificiallightmeant

tosimulatethesky.Theythenputthatsensorintoamodelmeanttomodelthebrainsofdesertantsandother

insects.Andtheyfoundthatwiththeinsects