寒假讲义第三讲-题型之语法填空专题高三英语一轮复习

寒假讲义第三讲：题型之语法填空专题讲解一．有提示词有提示词分为：动词考察谓语（时态和语态）和非谓语（todo/doing/done）形容词、副词—考察词性转换、反义、三级变化（原级、比较级、最高级）名词—考察单复数、名词所有格考点一：谓语动词若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。【例题精讲】1.“Ifsomethingdoesnothappensoon,”Isaidtomyself,“I____________(burn)alive!”2.Hewasworkingontheassumptionthatifheproducedacloneofthedog,hisboss___________(approve)hispromotion.3.Thescientistscreamedandfledfromtheroomasanypossibilityofpromotion______________(disappear)inthatinstant.4.Aftersuccessfullyraisingthealarm,Baileywentdownstairstotrytogetout.Buthe______________(catch)inthefire.willbeburnt；wouldapprove；disappeared；wascaught1.Hisfearoffailure_______(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedexcitedly.2.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,______(close)mybookandwalkedaway.3.Threepeople____(take)toahospital,whileothersweretreatedatalocalclinic.4.Shetoldhimthatshe________(bring)himthewaterintenminutes.keptclosedweretakenwouldbring考点二：非谓语动词若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用现在分词、过去分词，还是不定式。非谓语动词的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。技巧一：作主语或宾语，通常用现在分词或者不定式。【例题精讲】1.Butitisnotenoughonly_______________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.2._____________(speak)outyourfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed.tomemorize；speaking技巧二：作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。【例题精讲】______________(plete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.2.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrongwilled,areverylikely_______(succeed).toplete;tosucceed技巧三：作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词。这样的题一般要特别注意空格前的逗号。【例题精讲】1.Hesawthestone,____________(say)tohimself:“Thenightwillbeverydark.”2.Theheadmasterwentintothelab,______________(follow)bytheforeignguests.3.Therewillbeameeting,___________(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.4.Lessons_______________(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.saying;followed;starting;learned【巩固练习】1.Ashewasthinking,themixturethickened.Hestaredimpatientlyatit,________(wait)fortheshapeoftheanimalthatwouldshortlyemerge.2.IcameacrossaninterestingstorywhenIvisitedmycousininHenanProvince,China.Mycousingrewupwithagirl_____________(call)LiShichunnextdoor.3.Buthermotherwouldn’tlikeherdaughter_______________(have)thatnamebecauseshethoughtthatsoundedtoomuchlikeaboy’sname.waiting;called;tohave考点三给出的提示词是名词；当空格后所给的提示词是名词，且作主语或宾语时，通常考查该名词的复数形式。1.Formostofusthechanges(change)aregradual.2.Wehaveavarietyofemotions(emotion)likesadness，anger，fear，enthusiasmandhappiness.changes;emotions考点四：给出的提示词是形容词或副词当括号中所给的词是形容词或副词，且根据句义空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词，则可能填该词的比较级或最高级。解题技巧：若两者之间比较，或者有than，就用比较级；不出现than,即省略了“than+比较对象”这种隐含式比较级，要注意语境理解；注意“less/least+原级”这样的降级比较；若是多者之间比较，或者有in、of等介词短语表示比较范围，要用最高级；比较级前可用abit、alittle表示稍稍，一点；用much、alot表示“……得多”、even表示“更加”；as…as…之间用原级；最高级前要有the。【例题精讲】Heisoneofthe_________(great)manthatIhaveeverknown.____________(luck)thanotherstudentsinherclass,shewasadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.Whenheseesotherstudents__________(good)thanhim,heusuallythinkthattheyhavehigherIQ.Atfirstwewantedtoflybecauseitwouldbe_________(fast)andwouldsaveusmoretime.The___________(big)andmostpowerfulanimalintheforestwasthebear.The___________(young)angelwasveryangryandblametheolderangel.greatest;Luckier;better;faster；biggest;younger【巩固练习】1.Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould.Hejumpedeven_________(hard)andnearlymadehimselfout.2.The______________(strong)webee,themoremodestweshouldbe.3.Ofthetwocoats,I’dchoosethe_____________(cheap)onetosparesomemoneyforabook.4.Youaredrivingtoofast.Canyoudriveabit_______________(slow)?5.Thiswashingmachineisenvironmentallyfriendlybecauseituses__________(little)waterandelectricitythanoldermodels.6.ThemelontheSmithsservedatdinnerwouldhavetasted______________(good)ifithadbeenputinthefridgeforalittlewhile.harderstrongercheaperslowerlessbetter考点四：词性转换根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。①作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词。【例题精讲】1.Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell________(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.2.Ina________(danger)partofthesea,theylosttheirway.3.Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents________(interest)inthesubject.silent;dangerous;interested②作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词。【例题精讲】1.WhenChina’sancientscientificandtechnological________(achieve)arementioned,thenationwillgenerallyrefertotheFourGreatInventions.2.Thesepeoplehavemadegreat____________(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.achievement;contributions③在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词。【例题精讲】1.Their___________(happy)isbasedonmoney.2.The___________(operate)ofthesystemisverydifficult.happiness;operation④修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。【例题精讲】1.AsIlooked__________(close)atthisgirl,Ifoundthatshewasn’tuglyatall.2.Theremustbesomething____________(serious)wrongwithoursociety.3.SinglesareflockingtotheInternet________(main)becausetheirbusylifestylesleavethemlittletime.4.______________(fortunate),onlytwostudentscanpassthefinalexam.closely;seriously;mainly;Unfortunately⑤派生词：有可能是词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，需要在词前加前缀un,im,,dis等，或在该词后加后缀less。例如：(im)possible(im)polite(un)happy(un)healthy(un)kindcare(less)home(less)use(less)（dis)like【例题精讲】1.Peoplecertainlyhaveavarietyofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowis,noknowledgeis________(use).2.Yourmistakecausedalotof________(necessary)workintheoffice.useless;unnecessary二.无提示词一.无提示词I冠词1.明确冠词在句中的习惯位置冠词是名词的标志，当空格后面是名词或“形容词＋名词”，而且没有其他限定词时，一般需要用冠词。2.辨析特指和泛指(1)在文中第一次提到某人或某物时，一般为泛指，用不定冠词a/an；(2)第二次提到时用定冠词表特指，用定冠词the；(3)当名词前有定语修饰时，多数情况用定冠词the；(4)用在序数词或最高级前或有only,very,same等修饰的名词前用定冠词the；(5)表示“在某世纪几十年代”用定冠词the。3.注意a与an的选用：主要看名词首字母的发音，而不是首字母。4.用在固定搭配(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：atthesametime,onthecontrary,onthespot;totellthetruth,inthedistance,makethemost/bestof,inthemiddleof,等(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：catchacold,haveafever,allofasudden,asamatteroffact,asaresult,haveagiftfor,makealiving,have/takearest,givesb.alift,haveagoodknowledgeof等动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位例题：Theplumtreesare70.____________firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化)．Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.Andrememberyourchildrenaregoingthrough 43 periodoftimeintheirliveswhentheirbrainsandbodiesaregoingthroughalotofchanges.Inordertoknow____26____foreignlanguagewell,fourthingsarenecessary.However,ourhandgestures(手势)play importantroleinhelpinguslearnandremember!“Don’tjudge____36____bookbyitscover,”theoldsayinggoes.Actually,thefilmweseeonthescreenis___36___hugeamountofhardwork,the;a;a;an;a;a代词当句子缺少主语、宾语，定语时，一般填代词；要特别注意it的用法1.作主语：人称代词主格(I,we,you,he等)2.作宾语：人称代词宾格(me,us等)3.作定语：形容词性物主代词(our,my,your等)4.如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself,yourself,itself等)5.that,those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。6.填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况;it的常用固定句型(1)it作形式主语It+be+n./adj./过去分词+主语从句e.g.Itisapitythat...Itisassumedthat...Itisreportedthat...Itis+adj./n/+(forsb/ofsb)+todoItisnogood/nouse/awasteoftimedoing(2)it作形式宾语think/find/feel/consider/regard/make+it+adj./n.+宾语从句(3)一些it的搭配makeittakeitforgrantedbelieveitornotgiveitatrytakeiteasywhenitesto...当谈到……；强调句型itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余部分真题节选Agoodmemoryisofgreathelp,but____31____isnotenoughonlytorememberalltherulesfromagrammarbook.Thechildrenwereplayingonthe ________(them)，dirtybutIgraduallyfound____challengingformetohandletheproblem.Hetook_____forgrantedthathisparentsshouldsupporthim.Second,teenagersshouldbelievethattheyareuniqueandthat____44____(they)familyandfriendslovethemjustthewaytheyare.it;themselves;it;it；their介词对介词的考查主要是考查常见的介词in、at、on、for、with、without、through等词的本质含义，另外一个重点是考查介词在固定搭配中的用法。介词在固定搭配中的考查主要有以下几种形式：（1）与动词搭配，如：remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事；robsb.ofsth.抢劫某人某物；gobackto/datefrom追溯至；exchange...for...把……兑换成……（2）与名词或代词搭配，如：byaccident偶然；byoneself靠自己（3）与形容词搭配，如：becuriousabout对……感到好奇；beproudof因……而自豪真题节选SeniorHighSchoolwillhelpyoulearnandgrowyetyoualoneareresponsible_________realizingyourgreatpotentialTeenagersphysicalchangesmayresult_suchfamilytensions.(用适当的词填空)Whenyourise____38____thechallenges,youwillhavetheopportunitytoacquiregreatknowledgeandenjoypersonalgrowth.Standardsofbeautyinthemediacanhaveabiginfluence____37____whattheythinkoftheirappearance.Anotheraspectweshouldattachgreatimportance___40___isvisualspecialeffects.for;in;to;on;to连词连词包括并列连词和从属连词，语法填空考查并列连词和引导定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句的从属连词。[解题技巧](1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词and,or,but等。(2)若两个句子之间，没有句号或分号，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句。然后根据各类句子的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的连接词。（具体的从句讲解参考语法讲义）真题节选Teenagers____38____wanttocopythelooksoftheirfavouritestarswillendupfeelingBesides,theirfriendswithmodel­likegoodlooksalsoinfluencethewayin____40____theyviewtheirphysicalappearance.It'ssuggestedtoexercise30to60minutesperday,___64___willpreventyoufromgettinghurt.Thefirstimportantfactoroffilmmakingisthesoundeffects,___38___areoftenaddedafterascenehasbeenshot.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,______becauseIwantto.”ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcerned______theydecidedtopayhunters＄5atail.Thestudentpletedthisexperimenttomakeetrue____________ProfessorJosephhadsaid.who/that;which;which;which,but;that;what语篇练习Manyorganizations,businessesandmillionsofpeopletakepartinGoodDeedsDayeveryyearsimplybecausetheywanttodevotethemselvesto1.(help)othersandourplanet.GoodDeedsDayisdayinMarch2.peopleworldwideareencouragedtovolunteer3.(do)gooddeedtoimprovethelivesofothersandchangetheworld.MillionsofpeoplehavetakenpartinGoodDeedsDayinthepastyears,makingit4.largestandmostfarreachingglobaldayofgood.ThebusinesswomanShariArison5.(create)GoodDeedsDayin2007.Sincethen,theeventhasgrown6.(great)aspeoplearoundtheworldarewillingtogiveback.Itisknownto(kid),grandparents,students,employersandmanyothers,allwantingtodogoodonthisday.Themultilingual(多种语言的)GoodDeedsDaywebsiteshowstheevent's8.(amaze)reach,asitnowoffers11languages.Thegooddeedyouchoosetodocanbelargeorsmall,somethingyoudowithfriends,onyourown,oryoucanjoinanexistingproject.Plantingamunitygarden,helpingpay9.asickperson'smedicalcare,andbuyingaheartymealforhomelessperson10.(be)allgooddeeds.1.helping2.when3.todo4.the5.created6.greatly7.kids8.amazing9.for10.are长郡期末真题Exercisehasa___56___(various)ofhealthbenefits.However,somepeople___57___tendtoexerciseforalongtimeassumethatifsomeexerciseisgood,moreisalways___58___(good).Forexample,somepeoplego___59___(jog)forseveralhoursatatimebecauseofthestepcountingsmartphoneapps.Otherswork___60___forhoursattheweekendtomakeupfor___61___(they)lackofexerciseduringtheweekdays.Habitsliketheseputstressonthebody,andifthey___62___(maintain)overthelongterm,canbeeaserioushealthrisk.Howlongyouexercise___63___(be)ofgreatimportance.It'ssuggestedtoexercise30to60minutesperday,___64___willpreventyoufromgettinghurt.Moreover,it___65___(ensure)thattheexerciseyoudohasapositiveeffectonyourphysicalhealth.56.variety57.who##that58.better59.jogging60.out61.their62.aremaintained63.is64.which65.willensure雨花区统考期末真题“Don’tjudge____36____bookbyitscover,”theoldsayinggoes.Unfortunately,nowteenagersalwayshavesomedarkthoughtsabouttheirphysicalappearance.Standardsofbeautyinthemediacanhaveabiginfluence____37____whattheythinkoftheirappearance.Teenagers____38____wanttocopythelooksoftheirfavouritestarswillendup____39____(feel)worseaboutthemselves.Besides,theirfriendswithmodel­likegoodlooksalsoinfluencethewayin____40____theyviewtheirphysicalappearance.However,there____41____(be)certainlywaystodealwiththeseexternalinfluences.First,it’swrong____42____(follow)popularstandards____43____(blind).It’sveryimportanttoacceptwhatyouare.Second,teenagersshouldbelievethattheyareuniqueandthat____44____(they)familyandfriendslovethemjustthewaytheyare.Finally,trytodirecttheattentionawayfromnegativethoughts.Whattheyshoulddoistotakeprideinwhattheydowellinsteadofworryingabout_____45_____(thing)theycannotchange.36.a37.on##upon38.who##that39.feeling40.which41.are42.tofollow43.blindly44.their45.things麓山国际期末真题InMarkTwain’sAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,thefriendshipthatformsbetweenHuckFinnandJimisanimportantthemeofthebook,____36____theyappeartobeanunlikelypair.Huckisapoorwhiteboywhosefatheroftenbeatshim,whileJimisablackslavewho____37____(long)tobefree.Oneday,Huckrunsawayfromhometoanisland.TherehemeetsJimandmakesfriendswithhim.Thentheyleavetheislandtogetheronaraft____38____(find)ontheMississippiRiver.TheyheadtowardsIllinois,____39____stateinthenorth,whereJimcanbefree.ThehighpointofthestoryeswhenHuck____40____(face)withthedecisionofwhether____41____(hand)Jimovertosomeslavecatchers.Intheend,HuckdecidesthatJimisafriendwhomheneedsandvalues,andrefusestogivehim____42____.Fromthisstorywecanseethatfriendsarepeoplewhosupportyou____43____thic