中国智慧-文化面面观 课件 UNIT 4 Chinese Food and Wars

ChineseFoodandWarsUNIT4LearningObjectivesGiveaspeechontheimportanceoffoodsecurityLearnaboutexpressionsonfood1Talkaboutfoodandlegend23TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingThereisnosincerelovethantheloveoffood.--GeorgeBernardShawTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingWeateinpavilionsonthesand.Pastriesmadeofcookedandshreddedfishandredandgreenpeppersandsmallnutslikegrainsofrice.Pastriesdelicateandflakyandthefishofarichnessthatwasincredible.Prawnsfreshfromtheseasprinkledwithlimejuice.Theywerefourbitestoaprawn.Ofthoseweatemany.Thenweatepaellawithfreshseafood,clamsintheirshells,mussels,crayfish,andsmalleels.--ErnestMillerHemingwayTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsDeliciousTreatsfromTurbulentTimeUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingFujiancuisineisrenownedforitsexceptionalculinarytechniquesinpreparingbothlandandseadelicacies,offering

adiversearrayofflavorsandpresentinganoverviewofFujian’scustomsandhistorythroughthelegendsandstoriesassociated

with

itsdishes.Amongitswell-knownsnacksareOysterOmelet,SeaWormJelly,andGuangbing,whichwerereportedlycreatedduringperiodsofwarandhaveconnectionstocelebratedmilitarycommanderssuchasQiJiguang(戚继光),ZhengChenggong(郑成功),andZuoZongtang(左宗棠).OneofthemostpopularsnacksinnorthernFujianisGuangbing,whichhasaninterestinghistorylinkedtoQiJiguang,whowasaChinesemilitarygeneralandnationalheroduringtheMingDynasty,rememberedforhiscourageandleadershipinfightingagainstJapanesepiratesalongtheeastcoastofChina.Inthelate1562,whilepursuingJapanesepiratestoFuqing,histroopsencounteredinclementweatherandcouldnotcooktheirfood.Tosolvethisproblem,QiJiguangorderedthesoldierstobakesmallcakeswithaholeinthemiddle,whichtheystrungtogetherwithhempropeforeasytransport.Thesecakesprovedtobeadelicacyandapracticalsolutiontothetroops’mobilityandfightingcapacity.ThecakesbecamesopopularthatpeoplealloverthecoaststartedmakingthemforQi’stroops,contributingsignificantlytothewaragainsttheJapanesepirates.TohonorQiJiguang’sachievements,peopleadoptedtheword“guang”fromthemilitaryleader’snameandnamedthiscake“Guangbing”(“bing”meaningcakeorpie).Guangbingismadeprimarilyfromrefinedflour,salt,and

dietaryalkali.After

kneadingthedough,itisflattenedintoacircularcakeandtoppedwithsesameseeds,andthenholesarepunchedthroughthemiddle.Thecakeisthenlefttorisebeforebeingplacedinaspecialoventhathasbeenpreparedinadvance.Pineneedles,

freshlypickedfromthatyear,areusedtobakethecakeuntilitbecomescrispyandreadytoenjoy.海蛎煎oysteromeletSimilarly,twootherfamoussnacks,OysterOmeletandSeaWormJelly,havestoriesthattiethemtotherecaptureofTaiwanbyZhengChenggong,aChinesemilitaryleaderofthelateMingandearlyQingdynastiesinthe17thcentury.Intheyear1661,ZhengChenggongledhistroopsinanattempttoretakethelostterritoryofTaiwan,whichhadbeencolonizedbytheDutch.Withremarkabledeterminationandmilitaryprowess,Zheng’stroopsswiftlypushedthroughtheDutchforces,whofoughttoresist.However,theDutchhadhiddenallthericeandgraininordertostarveoutZheng’sarmy.Withlimitedfoodsupplies,Zheng’ssoldiershadtogetcreative.Theydiscoveredthatoysters,atreasuredingredientinTaiwan,couldbemixedwithsweetpotatostarchandwatertocreateadeliciouspancake-likedish.Bytheendoftheyear,Zheng’stroopshadsuccessfullydrivenouttheDutchafter38yearsofcolonization.ThedishcreatedbyZheng’ssoldiersgrewinpopularityandcametobeknownastheOysterOmelet,whichhadbeenpasseddownthroughgenerationsinFujianandbeyond.Thestorybehinditsoriginisatestamenttotheingenuityofthosewholivedindifficulttimes,makingdowithwhatlittletheyhadtocreatesomethingspecial.Today,theOysterOmeletisabeloveddishinTaiwanandaroundtheworld,showcasing

theresilienceandcreativityofthepeoplewhofirstcreatedit.TocreatethesavoryOysterOmelet,beginbycleaninganddrainingfreshoysters.Theoystersarethenblendedwithsweetpotatostarchandegg,alongwithatablespoonofsoysauce,beforebeingfriedinshallowoiluntilcrispy.Theaddition

ofchilisauceandchoppedcilantroleaves香菜叶providesafragrantandenticingaroma.AnotherbelovedsnackinsouthernFujianisSeaWormJelly,knownas“Tusun”inMandarinduetoitsresemblancetobambooshoots.Accordingtolegend,duringZhengChenggong’srecaptureofTaiwan,hissoldiersdugupseawormsfromtheseashoretocreateA“soup”inordertocombathungerpangs.Asageneralwhoalwaysatewithhissoldiers,Chenggongalsoconsumedthesoup,butoftenbecametoopreoccupiedwiththewarandthefateoftheTaiwanesepeopletoconsumeitafterpreparation.Asaresult,hisattendantshadtoreheatthesoup.Oneday,Chenggongconsumedthesoupwhenitwasstillcold,andsurprisinglyfoundthatittastedevenbetterthanthewarmversion.Itwasdiscoveredthatwhenthesoupcooleddown,itformedintosoft,firm,andslightlyelasticjelly-likemass.Throughthisdiscovery,Chenggonginventedabelovedsnackthathasbeenenjoyedeversince.Whileit’scommonlybelievedthatZhengChenggonginadvertentlyinventedseawormjellyduringtheretakingofTaiwan,there’sevidencetosuggestthatthesnack’soriginsdatebackevenfurther.SomespeculatethatduringtheMingDynasty’sJiajingperiodinthe16thcentury,QiJiguangfoughtagainstJapaneseinvadersalongthesoutheastcoastofChina.Facingfoodshortages,histroopscollectedfish,shrimp,crabs,andshellfishfromtheseashoretomakesoup.Whileforaging,somesoldiersaccidentallycaughtseaworms,whichwerethenaddedtothepot.WhenQiJiguangtriedthisconcoction,hediscoveredonlyfrozensoupwithseawormsleft.Hetasteditandwaspleasantlysurprisedbytheflavor,whichhefoundtobetterthanthehotsoupmadefromfishandcrab.Theseawormjellygainedareputationandquicklyspread.Despitetheambiguitysurroundingitstrueorigins,it’sclearthatseawormjellywascreatedduringatimeoffoodscarcity.Therecipehasevolvedovertime,withlatergenerationsimprovinguponproductionmethodsandseasoning.Tocreateseawormjelly,thewormsarethoroughlycleanedandboiledinwaterandsaltuntilgelisextracted.Themixtureisthenladledintosmallbowlswithsoupandlefttosetovernight,resultinginacrystal-clear,smoothjelly.Addingseasoningslikegarlicpaste,soysauce,orvinegarcanenhancetheflavorofthisbelovedsnack.Thoughtheexactoriginsofthesebelovedsnacksmaybelosttohistory,theirrecipeshavebeenpasseddownandcontinuouslyimprovedupon.Thesestoriesalsoreflecttheturbulentandharshlivingconditionsduringtimesofwarandscarcity.AsMr.LinYutangoncesaid,“weeatalltheediblethingsonthisearth.Weeatcrabsbypreference,andofteneatbarkbynecessity.Economicnecessityisthemotherofourinventionsinfood.Wearetoooverpopulated,andfamineistoocommonforusnottoeateverythingwecanlayourhandson.”Warsandfamineshaveforcedpeopletoconductexhaustiveexperimentswithalltypesofedibles,showcasingtheintelligent,creative,courageous,andoptimisticspiritoftheChinesepeopleinthefaceofadversity.林语堂的这段话的翻译weeatalltheediblethingsonthisearth.Weeatcrabsbypreference,andofteneatbarkbynecessity.Economicnecessityisthemotherofourinventionsinfood.Wearetoooverpopulated,andfamineistoocommonforusnottoeateverythingwecanlayourhandson.“……凡必地球上可吃的东西，我们都吃。出于爱好，我们也吃蟹，出于必要，我们也吃树皮草根。经济上的必要乃为我们的新食品发明之母，我们的人口太紧密，而饥荒太普遍，致令我们不得不吃几手指能夹持的任何东西。”Inmanyways,thebelovedsnacksofFujiantellastoryofresilience,resourcefulness,andthehumanabilitytofindnovelanddelicioussolutionstolife’sstruggles.Thesedishescontinuetobepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration,embodyingthehistoryandspiritofthepeoplewhocreatedthem.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsturbulent:adj.aturbulentsituationorperiodoftimeisoneinwhichtherearealotofsuddenchanges.骚动的、骚乱的e.g.Changehasbecomeaconstantintheturbulenteconomyofderegulationandglobalcompetition.associatev.tomakeaconnectioninyourmindbetweenonethingorpersonandanother使发生联系associatesomebody/somethingwithsomethinge.g.Idon’tassociatehimwithenergeticsports.e.g.Inthiscaseanincreaseingrossoutputwillbeassociatedwithanincreaseinbothscaleanddiversity.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsmobility:n.theabilitytomoveeasily机动性e.g.Thekeytothearmy’seffectivenessisitsincreasedmobility.capacity:n.someone’sabilitytodosomething能力、容量e.g.achild’scapacityforlearninge.g.acapacitytothinkinanoriginalwayUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationscontribute:v.togivemoney,help,ideasetctosomethingthatalotofotherpeoplearealsoinvolvedin贡献e.g.Cityemployeescannotcontributetopoliticalcampaigns.contributesomethingto/towardssomethinge.g.Thevolunteerscontributetheirowntimetotheproject.dietary:adj.relatedtothefoodsomeoneeats饮食的e.g.Thedietaryguidelinescanbeachievedbyeatingmorefruitsandvegetables.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsknead:v.topressamixtureofflourandwatermanytimeswithyourhands揉捏e.g.Kneadthedoughforthreeminutes.crispy:adj.foodthatiscrispyispleasantlyhardontheoutside酥脆的e.g.Soonthetreeswillbearappleswhosecrispy,whitefleshwillnotturnbrownevenhoursafterbeingcutopen.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsrecapture:v.totakecontrolofaplaceagainbyfightingforit夺回e.g.anattempttorecapturethecitycolonize:v.toestablishpoliticalcontroloveranareaoroveranothercountry,andsendyourcitizenstheretosettle将……开拓为殖民地e.g.Yet,infact,onlyasmallpartoftheworldhasyetbeencarcolonized.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationstestament:n.atangibleproofortribute事实的证明e.g.OnedayastatuewillbeerectedsomewhereonO'ConnellStreettobeartestamenttothisfact.e.g.Iwastestamenttothatfact.enticing:adj.somethingthatisenticingattractsorinterestsyoualot迷人的e.g.Itwasahotdayandthewaterlookedenticing.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsresemblance:n.ifthereisaresemblancebetweentwopeopleorthings,theyaresimilar,especiallyinthewaytheylook.相似e.g.TheresemblancebetweenSusanandhersisterwasremarkable.beara(close/striking/uncannyetc)resemblancetosomebody/something(=looklike)e.g.Tinabearsastrikingresemblancetohermother.bearlittle/noresemblancetosomebody/somethinge.g.Whathappensinthefilmbearslittleresemblancetowhatactuallyhappened.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationscombat:v.totrytostopsomethingbadfromhappeningorgettingworse反对combatinflation/crime/racismetce.g.Tocombatinflation,thegovernmentraisedinterestrates.consume:v.formaltoeatordrinksomething大吃大喝e.g.Alcoholmaynotbeconsumedonthepremises.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsspeculate:v.toguessaboutthepossiblecausesoreffectsofsomething,withoutknowingallthefactsordetails推测speculateon/about(why/whatetc)e.g.Jonesrefusedtospeculateaboutwhatmighthappen.speculatethate.g.Someanalystsspeculatedthatjobswillbelost.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsscarcity:n.asituationinwhichthereisnotenoughofsomething缺乏e.g.Thescarcityofmedicalsupplieswasbecomingcritical.extract:v.tocarefullyremoveasubstancefromsomethingwhichcontainsit,usingamachine,chemicalprocessetc.提取、萃取

extractsomethingfromsomethinge.g.Oilsareextractedfromtheplants.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsedible:adj.somethingthatisediblecanbeeaten可食用的e.g.Theseberriesareedible,butthosearepoisonous.exhaustive:adj.extremelythoroughandcomplete详尽的e.g.anexhaustiveinvestigatione.g.Thelistisbynomeansexhaustive.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingQiJiguang(November12,1528–January5,1588)wasaChinesemilitarygeneralandnationalheroduringtheMingDynasty.HewasbestrememberedforhiscourageandleadershipinthefightagainstJapanesepiratesalongtheeastcoastofChina,aswellashisreinforcementworkontheGreatWallofChina.QiJiguangwasborninthetownofLuqiao(鲁橋)inShandongprovincetoafamilywithalongmilitarytradition.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingZhengChenggong,(bornAug.28,1624,Hirado,Japan—diedJune23,1662,Taiwan),pirateleaderofMingforcesagainsttheManchuconquerorsofChina,bestknownforestablishingChinesecontroloverTaiwan.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsLinYutang,(bornOctober10,1895,Longxi,Fujianprovince,China—diedMarch26,1976,HongKong),prolificwriterofawidevarietyofworksinChineseandEnglish;inthe1930shefoundedseveralChinesemagazinesspecializinginsocialsatireandWestern-stylejournalism.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsI.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.OysterOmeletissaidtobecreatedbecauseoftheturmoilofthewarsinFujian’shistoryandhassomethingtodowith________.ZuoZongtang B.ZhengChenggong C.QiJiguang D.LinZexu2.SeaWormJellyissaidtobecreatedbecauseoftheturmoilofthewar--________.TheRecaptureofTaiwanSecondOpiumWarthefightagainstJapanesepiratesalongtheeastcoastofChinatheSino-JapaneseWarof1894-18953.Guangbingisrelatedtothenameofthemilitaryleader--________.A.ZuoZongtang B.ZhengChenggong C.LinZexu D.QiJiguang4.Whichofthefollowingsnacksneedstousedietaryalkali?Guangbing B.OysterOmelet C.SeaWormJelly D.Ningdemeatballs5.Tomakeseawormjellymoredelicious,youcanaddthefollowingexcept________.garlicpaste B.soysauce C.starch D.vinegarUnderstandingthetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsII.Discussthefollowingquestionsinsmallgroups.Pleasesharewithyourpartnersotherstoryconcerningwithsnacksthatarecreatedduringwartime.Mr.LinYutangsaid“…weeatalltheediblethingsonthisearth.Weeatcrabsbypreference,andofteneatbarksbynecessity.Economicnecessityisthemotherofourinventionsinfood.Wearetoooverpopulatedandfamineistoocommonforusnottoeateverythingwecanlayourhandson.”DoyouagreewithwhatMr.LinYutangsaid?What’syouropinion?Givecommentsontheimportanceoffoodsecurity.UnderstandingthetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsI.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReading

中国有“苏东坡猪肉”和“江豆腐”。在英国，华兹华斯牛排或高尔斯华斯肉排是难以想象的。华兹华斯华斯歌唱的是“朴素的生活与崇高的思想”，但他没有注意到好的食物，特别是新鲜的竹笋和蘑菇，是简单乡村生活的真正乐趣。而中国的诗人们坦率地在诗中赞美其家乡的“鲈鱼脍和莼菜羹”，以最优雅的方式表达他们的思乡之情。事实上，我们对祖国的爱在很大程度上是对童年时强烈的感官享受的回忆。对山姆大叔的忠诚是对美国甜甜圈的忠诚，但美国人不会承认这一点。InChina,Wehave“SuTungp’opork”and“Jiangbean-curd”.InBritain,aWordsworthsteakorGalsworthycutletwouldbeunimaginable.Wordsworthsangabout“plainlivingandhighthinking,”buthefailedtonotethatgoodfood,especiallyfresh-cutbamboo-shootsandmushrooms,countsamongtherealjoysofasimplerurallife.WhiletheChinesepoetshavefranklysungaboutthe“mincedperchandshun-vegetablesoup”oftheirnativehomeinpoemstoexpresstheirhomesicknessinthemostelegantway.Actuallyourloveofmotherlandislargelyamatterofrecollectionofthekeensensualpleasuresofourchildhood.TheloyaltytoUncleSamistheloyaltytoAmericandoughnuts,buttheAmericanswillnotadmitit.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsI.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReading许多在国外的美国人为他们在家里的火腿和甘薯而叹息，但他们不会承认这让他们想到了家，也不会把它写进诗中。中国人对待饮食的严肃性可以在许多方面表现出来。任何翻开《红楼梦》或任何一本中国小说的人，都会被黛玉早餐吃什么或宝玉夜宵吃什么的整个菜单的详细而持续的描述所震撼。没有一位伟大的英国诗人或作家会屈尊写一本烹饪书，他们认为烹饪不属于文学的领域。但伟大的中国诗人和学者袁枚则写了一整本关于烹饪的书，此外还写了一篇关于他厨师的精彩文章。ManyAmericanswhileabroadsighfortheirhamandsweetpotatoesathome,buttheywillnotadmitthatthismakesthemthinkofhome,norwilltheyputitintheirpoetry.TheseriousnesswithwhichChineseregardeatingcanbeshowninmanyways.AnyonewhoopensthepagesoftheRedChamberDreamorofanyChinesenovelwillbestruckbythedetailedandconstantdescriptionsoftheentiremenuofwhatTaiyühadforbreakfastorwhatPaoyühadatmidnight.NogreatEnglishpoetorwriterwouldcondescendtowriteaCookBook,whichtheyregardasbelongingoutsidetherealmsofliterature.Butthegreatpoetandscholar,YüanMei,wroteawholebookoncooking,besideswritingamostwonderfulessayonhiscook.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessary.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingamong down during infrontof of to to with with without1MeeSuaPasteisaverypopularandtraditionalsnack______thelocalsinsouthernFujian.TastyMeeSuaPastefeaturesfresh,sweetsoup______themeesuathoroughlycookedbutnotcompletelymushy.Seasonedwithingredients______yourtaste,toppedwithspringonion,celeryandpepper,itisflavourfulandsavoury,andisawonderfulwaytostartanewandrefreshingday.______makepalatableMeeSuaPaste,it’sessentialtogetadelicioussoup.OldMeeSuaPasteshopsareusuallyhanded______fromgenerationtogeneration.Thechefalwaysgetsupasearlyas4a.m.tomakethesweetandclearsoup,whichisprepared______porkbones,driedoysters,driedrazorclamsandsoon.among

with

to

To

down

with

TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessary.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingamong down during infrontof of to to with with without1Accordingtofolklore,theoriginofMeeSuaPastehastodowithafaminethatwasoccurring______thetimewhenagovernmentofficialtravelledincognitotothesouthofChina.HecametoasmallvillageinsouthernFujianandhalted______thesmallcottageofaXiucai(onewhopassedthecountylevelimperialexaminationinancienttimes).Thoughthereisaproverbthatsays“Evenacleverhousewifecannotcookameal______rice,”theXiucai’swifewasmorethanjustclever.Shemadeasoupwiththeleftoverporkbonesandfishbones,andthenaddedbitsofmeesuaandtapiocastarchtoittomakealargebowl______paste.Tastingit,theofficialwasgreatlyimpressed,andthisrecipehasbeenhandeddowneversince.during

infrontof

without

of

TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessary.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReading2Rouyan(Fuzhou-stylewonton)andduckeggsoup,also______(know)as“peaceswallowwontonsoup”,isoneofFuzhou’sbest-knownspecialdishes.______(Shape)likeaswallowandmadeofporkwrapperandporkstuffing,Rouyan______(get)anothernameof“swallowwonton”,whileduckeggs______(pronounce)almostthesameas“wardingofftroubles”intheFuzhoudialect,hencethenameofthedish.Thedishisauspiciousbylocalcustomandmostoften______(serve)onjoyousoccasionssuchasweddings,birthdaybanquetsandNewYear’sEve,which______(suppose)tobringpeaceandgoodluck.Thereisevenasayingthat______(go)“TherewouldbenofeastorNewYear’sEvewithoutpeaceswallowwontonSoup”.Symbolicofpeace,fortune,familyreunionandprosperityinFuzhouculture,thedish______more(value)thanthefishball,anotherspeciallocaldishofFuzhou.known

Shaped

gets

arepronounced

served

issupposed

goes

ismorevalued

TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessary.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReading2Thoughshapedlikewonton,Rouyanisdifferentfromordinarywonton.______(Wrap)byapaper-thinsheetmadeofamixtureofpoundedmincedporkandsweetpotatopowderinsteadofflour,Rouyanisdeliciouslysmooth,tenderandnicelychewy,greatly______(love)byFuzhoueseathomeandabroad.Wrapped

loved

TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingIII.Retellthestorymentionedin“DeliciousTreatsfromTurbulentTimes”.IV.SpeakonthefollowingtopicsinEnglish.PleaseselectaliteraryworkwritteninEnglishandshareaparagraphthatdescribesfoodoreatinghabits.PleaseintroduceoneChineseliteraryfigurewhohaswrittenaboutfoodandeating.PleasecompareandcontrastthedifferentattitudestowardfoodandcookingbetweenChineseandforeignliteraryfigures.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingV.CriticalthinkingBeginbyconductingadetailedsurveyofthefoodandcookingrelateddiscussionsorwritingsofculturedandrefinedforeigners.AnalyzeandcomparetheattitudestowardsfoodandeatingbetweenChineseandforeignintellectuals.Next,carefullyconsiderthefollowingcontention:“Onlyi