技巧14 如何刻画心理-高一英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练

高一英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练技巧14如何刻画心理心理描写常用方式1.内心独白内心独自是作品中人物语言的表现形式之一，指通过人物的内心表白来揭示人物隐秘的内心世界，充分地展示人物的思想、性格，使读者更深刻地理解人物的思想感情和精神面貌。例如在莎士比亚的《哈姆莱特》中，哈姆莱特那段着名的“生存还是毁灭”的内心独白，是他对于“生”和“死”的思考，表现了他内心的困惑，极具哲理性。2.从旁叙述从旁叙述中采用第三人称的方式描写人物心理。在这种写法中，作，作者可以是“全知全能”的。因此，这种方式较少受到时间和空间的约束，作者可以根据自己想法的需要叙述。用第三人称写人物心理时，作者是站在观察者的角度，所以对人物的情感倾向会表现得相对鲜明些，甚至可以进行即时的议论。3.梦境幻觉作品中的人物由于现实中无法达到某种目标，于是会陷入空想的心态，而这种心态常通过幻觉或梦境的形式来得到表现。4.动作暗示动作是人物的体态语言。抓住某一人物的某一个动作，通过具体描写，表现这个人物的内心世界，这就是动作暗示心理的手法。5.神态暗示一个人的神态变化往往是在特殊事态的刺激下产生心理波动。引发脸部表情的变化，所以它始终和人物的心理状况联系在一起。和动作描写一样，成功的神态描写也应该根据表达的目的来选择材料，抓住最值得写的，最能反映出人物内心活动、性格特点的神态来写。6.语言暗示鲁迅说：“如果删除了不必要之点，只摘出各人的有特色的谈话来，我想，就可以使别人从谈话里推见每个说话的人物。”这里所说的“各人的有特色的谈话”，就是具有个性特征的语言。抓住人物个性化语言进行描写，就能展示人物的个性特征。7.感官刺激“心理学”中将人的感觉分为视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉等几类。在文学作品中只要抓住了人物瞬间的感受，任何一种感觉的描写都可以起到体现人物心理状况的作用。8.环境烘托环境描写是指对人物所处的社会环境和自然环境的描写。环境描写可以起到烘托人物心理的作用。心理描写示例1.表“害怕”的心理①Mythroattightenedandmykneesfeltweak.我喉咙发紧，双膝发软。②Ifrozewithterror,tooscaredtomoveaninch.我吓呆了，一动也不动。2.表“愤怒”的心理①Herfacecloudedwithanger.她满脸怒气。②Hisvoicetrembledwithanger.他气得声音发抖。③Heletoutcriesofanger.他发出愤怒的喊声。3.表“悲伤和绝望”的心理①Hisheartsankatthenews.听到这个消息，他的心一沉。②Overcomewithbitterdisappointment,helockedhimselfupinhisroom.由于极度失望，他把自己锁在房间里。③Hewasabruptlythrownintoaworldofdarknessandsankintohopelessness.他突然被抛进一个黑暗的世界，陷入绝望。4.表“尴尬、紧张”的心理Sweatwaspouringdownmyface.汗水从我脸上滚落下来。5.表“震惊”的心理①Shefrozewithshock,asifrootedtothespot.她吃惊得呆住了，就像在原地生了根似的。②Hereyeswidenedfurtherandhismouthopened.她的眼睛睁得更大了，他的嘴张开了。1．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。OurchurchcharityinTorontohasawayofassistingthosewhohavefinancialdifficultieswithoutmakingthereceiverfeelashamedorguilty.Theyoftendroppedmoneyintoanofferingboxwithonlythenameofthereceiverontheenvelope.Theenvelopesarethendistributedtothosememberswithoutthemknowingthenameofthegiver.TherecameatimewhenmyhusbandandIwereamongthoseinneed.Wedidnottalkaboutourfinancialdifficultywithanyone.Theonlyreasonourchildrenknewwasthatwehadtocutbackonmanythings.Still,wehopedtheywerenotawareoftheextentofourneed,norofhowmuchtheirfatherandIweresufferingbecauseofit.Wedidnotwanttoburdenthemwithaproblemtheycoulddonothingtosolve.Unfortunately,oursituationwasn’timproving,andmyhusbandandIknewthatwewouldhavetolookforoutsidehelp.Justaswereachedthepointofdesperation,ourchurchgaveusagiftenvelopethathadbeenleftintheofferingbox.Wewereoverjoyedtoreceiveaverylargeamountofmoney,enoughtobringusthroughthatdesperatetime.Wecouldn’thelpbutwonderwhohadgivensuchagenerousgift.Wewereextremelyrelievedandgrateful.Ayearlater,ourseventeen-year-oldsonwasapplyingforastudentloansohecouldattenduniversity.Itwasthenthatwediscoveredhissavingsaccountwasalmostempty.HisfatherandIwereverydisturbedbythis.Wehadtrustedhimtoputpartofhiswagesfromhispart-timejobintothebanktowardshiseducation.Actually,fromthetimehewasnineyearsoldhehadbeenapapercarrierforTheTorontoStar,andhehadworkedveryhardforhissmallearningstoachievehisuniversitydream.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Iaskedhimrepeatedlywherethemoneyhadgone._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Severalbusydayslater,thereappearedanenvelopeinthebox._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Ms.JohnsonwillneverforgetChelsea,awoundedsoul.OvertheyearsChelseahadalwaysstruggled,bothacademicallyandwithself-confidence.Additionally,hermotherhaddiedafteraheroicbattlewithaterminalillnesswhenChelseawasafifthgrader.Asshebeganhersixthgrade,Chelseawasstillhurting.Ms.Johnsonworriedaboutherwithgoodreason.Eachfall,Ms.Johnsontakesthestudentsforafive-dayadventureatWolfRidge,anenvironmentallearningcenterinthewoodsofNorthernMinnesotaoverlookingLakeSuperior.Theweekisfilledwithlearning,teambuilding,andovercomingseeminglyimpossiblechallenges.TheygoinOctober,andtheturningleavesoftreescometosymbolizethechangeshappeningtothestudentsovertheweek.ThestepsandgrowthstudentsmakeatWolfRidgebecomeametaphorMs.Johnsonusesthroughouttheyearasherstudentsfacechallengesintheclassroom.ThemostdifficultactivityistheHighAdventureRopesCourse,whichstretchesfromtowertotowerhighamongestthetreetopsfortyfeetabovetheground.Ms.JohnsonknewthisexperiencewouldbeparticularlydifficultforChelsea.Whenitwastimeforhertofastentheharness(安全带),Chelseawasalreadytrembling.Theharnessoffersphysicalprotection,butnotmuchmentalcomfortwhennothingbutaslipperyboardoranunsteadywireisbetweenyourfeetandthegroundfarbelow.ChelseasteppedhesitantlyontotheSwingingWoodBridge,andonlyaftertheinstructor’sencouragement,slowlymadeherwayacrossitsshakyboardsuptothefirsttower.Withthesupportofachaperone(监护人)stationedthere,shebeganherwayacrosstheBurmaBridge,madeofmerelythreewiresandstraps.Hertremblingbodyaddedtoitsshaking.Fromdownbelow,hergroundpartnersshoutedupsupportively,“Comeon,Chelsea,you’redoinggreat!”Chelseafinallyreachedthesecondtowerandeventuallysteppedoutontothenextchallengeandslowlyinchedherwayacross.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1:Nowshefacedwhatformanyisthemostdifficultactivity:theSingleWire.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Thefinalchallengeisazipline(滑索),whichrequiresleapingoffthelasttowerandslidingtotheground.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Riya,an8-year-oldpupil,livedhappilyinabigcitywithherparents,wholovedRiyadearlyanddidwhattheycouldtobuywhatshewantedforher.Riyawassmartandexcellentinherstudies.Notonlythat,shewasalwaysreadytohelpothers.OnedaywhenRiyaenteredherclassroom,shesawacrowdadmiringRiya’sfriendMary’snewpenandtalkingcheerfully.RiyafellinlovewiththatpenatfirstglanceanddesiredtogetMary’spermissiontoletheruseit.Secondslater,theschoolbellrang,sendingthechildrenhurryingtotheschoolgroundsformorningprayers.Afterawhile,theirteacherGraceletRiyafetchsomechalkfromtheclassroom,inwhichRiyaonceagainsawMary’sdelicatepen,lyingonthedeskelegantly.Riyatookitfondlyandwenttoherdesk,readytowriteonherbookwiththelovelypenwhensheheardthesoundofsomeonewalkingby.Withoutthinking,sheputthepeninherpocketandsawwhoitwas.Jane,herotherfriend,wasreturningtotheclassroom.RiyaimmediatelyranoutfromthebackdoornoiselesslyandwenttotheplaygroundtoprayThemorningprayersfinished,everyonewenttoclass,followedbytheirteacherGrace.ThemomentMaryfoundherpenwasmissing,shegotannoyed.Withoutdelay,sherantothefrontandcomplainedtoGrace,sayingintears,“Someonemusthavestolenmynewpen.”Havingquietenedthenoisyclass,Graceaskedthemwhowasintheclassroomduringtheprayers.AlmosteveryonepointedatJane,whoexplainedshejustfeltuncomfortablewhenprayingandcamebacktorest.GraceaskedJaneifshehadtakenMary’snewpen,towhichJanesaidnofirmly,insistingsheknewnothingaboutthatpen.Butshehadnobodytoproveherwords.Suspectedandfeelingsad,Janeburstoutcrying.EverythinghappenedfastandunexpectedlybeforeRiyasuddenlyrealizedthepenwasstillinherpocket.Shefrozeonthespot,afraidofbeingtreatedasathief.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。ButRiyaknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________GracenoddedandpattedRiyaonthebackwitharelievedsmile.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Lilylovedschool.However,therewasoneclassLilyworriedaboutmorethananyother—art.Shedidn’tknowwhyshejustwasn’tgoodatdrawingorpainting.Ms.Clay,theartteacher,stoodinthefrontoftheroom.“Boysandgirls,anartcompetitionwillbeheldinourschool,”sheannounced.Ms.Claywasagreatteacher,andLilylikedheralot.ButthisannouncementmadeLilynervous.“Everyoneofthe210studentsintheschoolisrequiredtocreateapieceofartwork.Anytypeofartworkiswelcomed.NextFridayyouwillhavetohandinyourartworks.”Ms.ClaywasquiteexcitedwhenshespokewhileLilyfoundherselfsinkinglowerinherchair.Lilyhadthewholeweekendtoworkonherartwork,butshecouldnotthinkofanythingtodo.OnMonday,Lilyfeltdiscouraged,soafterschoolLilywenttoMs.Clayandaskediftherewasanypossibilitythatshewouldn’tenterthecompetition.“Iunderstanditmayworryandupsetyou,Lily,”Ms.Claysaid.“Butjustremember:artisn’talwayspaintingordrawing.Itcanbesomethingelse.Iamsureyoucanthinkofsomethingverycreative,andIcan’twaittoseeit.”WhenLilyarrivedhome,shesatatthetableandwaslostinthought.ShethoughtofMs.Clay’swords.“Artisn’talwayspaintingordrawing.Itcanbesomethingelse.”Staringathertable,suddenlyshewasattractedtoapairofscissorsandsomepaper.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右。2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。Atthatmoment,agoodideastruckher.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________OnFriday,Lilywenttoschoolearlywithherartwork.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Afterwateringthetreesandgrassinouryardyesterday,I’mpleasedtoseethatitisrainingthismorning.Thetreeandgrassaredryandtheyaredyingforlackofwater.Wereallyneedsomeshowerstogivetheyardadrinkandbringfreshnesstotheairandcoolness,makingthemorningpleasant.Thereisnothingquitelikearainydayinspringandthesimplejoysitbrings.Infact,asaboyIhatedrainydays.TheymeantthatIwasstuckinthehouseandcouldn’tgoouttoplay.ItwasonlyastheyearspassedthatIrealizedtherecouldbenowaterwithoutrainandtherecouldbenolifewithoutwater.Thetruthisthatrainisagiftfromnature.NowIlookateachgentlerainfallwithasmileandknowthatnatureisgivingtheworldandusthewaterweneedtolive.Ofcourse,weallpreferthesunshineaftertherain.Thesungivesuslight.Itenergizesus.Thewhitecloudsandblueskiesjustnaturallymakeusfeelgood.Whenmythoughtsareracing,mymothercomesover.“Henry,yourmorningcoffee.It’srainingtoday.Whydon’tyousleepmore?”Ismileandsay,“Mum,itisaniceday.Aftertherain,theplantsinouryardwillcomealiveagain.ButIhaveanimportantthingtodotoday.”Sheseemstounderstandandsays,“Goahead,baby.Haveagoodday!”Mayberainydaysgiveusachancetoresttoday,andevenrestonthefieldsforthenextday.Iknowtherewouldbenomorningcoffeeorafternoonteawithoutrain.IthinkwhenIgoouttohelpothersintheraintoday,Iwillsendthankstonature.Whentherainfallsonmyhead,itbringsmegreatfun,butitalsocausestroubleforsomehomelesspeopleonthestreets.Ontheotherhand,therainseemstomakemealittlesad.Idecidetowalkoutandseeifthereisanyoneinneed.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Iamwalkingalongthestreets.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Idecidetohelpthepersoninneed.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案1.

Iaskedhimrepeatedlywherethemoneyhadgone.Atfirsthewouldnottellme,whichmademeevenangrier.Iwouldnotletthematteralone.Ikepthoundinghim,determinedtofindoutwherethemoneyhadgone.Ialsoaskedhisotherbrothersaboutthemoney,butnooneknew.Afterwards,Iplannedtoconsultthebankabouttheaccountofmyson.However,Iwasbusywithmyworking,soIdidn’tgotothebankallthetime.Severalbusydayslater,thereappearedanenvelopeinthebox.Intheletter,mysonadmittedthattheyearbeforehehadputhissavingsintheofferingboxforhisfatherandme.Afterreadingtheletter,Istoodtherespeechless,tearsfillingmyeyes.Ithadtakenmysonyearstosavethatmoney.Hehadgivenittouswillingly—withouttellinguswhathehaddone.【写作指导】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了我和丈夫有一段时间陷入了经济困难，但是没有人知道，孩子们也只是知道我们不断的削减开支，但是情况一直都没有得到改善，在我们快要绝望的时候，我们的教堂送来了一大笔钱，帮助我们渡过了难关。但是我们不知道是谁捐赠的。一年后，我们17岁的儿子为上大学申请学生贷款，在那时，我们发现他的储蓄账户几乎空的，所以我们开始追查儿子的钱到底去了哪里。1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“我一再问他钱到哪里去了”可知，第一段可描写作者盘问儿子及追查儿子钱到底去了哪里。②由第二段首句内容“忙了几天之后，盒子里出现了一个信封。”可知，第二段可描写作者的儿子承认自己把钱捐给了父亲和作者，这让作者很感动。2.续写线索：盘问钱去了哪里——追查——收到一封信——儿子承认捐钱——感悟3.词汇激活行为类①.不理会，不注意：letalone/takenonoticeof/paynoattentionto②.决定去做：determinetodo/decidetodo/makeupone’smindtodo③.承认：admit/recognize/acknowledge情绪类①.生气：angry/showanger/mad②.流泪：tearsfillingmyeyes/burstintotears【典型句式】[高分句型1].Ikepthoundinghim,determinedtofindoutwherethemoneyhadgone.（由连接词where引导的宾语从句作findout的宾语）[高分句型2].Intheletter,mysonadmittedthattheyearbeforehehadputhissavingsintheofferingboxforhisfatherandme.（由that引导的宾语从句和before引导的时间状语从句）[高分句型3].Hehadgivenittouswillingly—withouttellinguswhathehaddone.（what引导的宾语从句）

Nowshefacedwhatformanyisthemostdifficultactivity:theSingleWire.Thinkingaboutthefactthattherewasonlyonewire,Chelseawastremblingagainandafraidtomakeonemorestep.Buthearingthecheersfromherteacherandclassmatesbelow,shegottogaincourage.Holdingtheharnesstightly,Chelseabegantowalkstepbystepcarefullyandcautiously.Finally,shemadeit.

Thefinalchallengeisazipline(滑索),whichrequiresleapingoffthelasttowerandslidingtotheground.Staringatthezipline,Chelseadidn’tfeelfrightenedanylonger.Becauseshefounditismucheasiertoslidetothegroundwiththeline.Shehadexperiencedmuchtougheractivitiesbefore,soshehadthefaithtogothroughit.Withouthesitation,Chelseaslidalongtheziplineandlandedonthegroundsafeandsound.Allherteacherandclassmatesapplaudedforherandtherewasawidesmileonherface.【写作指导】本文是以人物为线索展开，主要描述Johnson老师和同学们见证了Chelsea在一个秋天举办的探险活动中重拾信心的故事。1.段落续写：①根据第一段首句内容“现在，她面临着对许多人来说最困难的活动：单线。”可知，第一段可描写是切尔西如何成功挑战单线的。②根据第二段首句内容“最后的挑战是拉链滑索，这需要跳下最后一座塔并滑到地面。”可知，第二段可描写切尔西拉链滑索挑战的情况。2.续写线索：害怕——鼓励——鼓起勇气——成功3.词汇激活行为类①再迈出一步：makeonemorestep/walkalittlefarther②成功做到：madeit/dosth.successfully③抓住：Hold/catch

hold

of

情绪类①害怕的：frightened/fearful/afraid②相信：hadthefaith/befaithful/believein【典型句式】【高分句型1】Thinkingaboutthefactthattherewasonlyonewire,Chelseawastremblingagainandafraidtomakeonemorestep.（由that引导的同位语从句）【高分句型2】Becauseshefounditismucheasiertoslidetothegroundwiththeline.（由Because引导的原因状语从句）3．ButRiyaknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Nervousandanxiousasshewas,RiyatookcouragetowalktowardJane,standinginfrontofherandsayinginanapologeticvoice,“Sorry,Jane,itwasIthatmadeyoumisunderstoodbyothers.”Then,RiyaturnedaroundtotellGracewhatwasthetruthandclaimedthatthemisunderstandingwascausedbyherinconsideration.SheapologizedtoMarywithheadbowedandtearsrunningdownhercheeks,askingsincerely,“Iamreallysorryforusingthenewpenwithoutyourpermission.ButIdidnotdoitonpurpose.Couldyoupleaseforgiveme?”Afterherwords,theairintheclassroomseemedtobestilllikedeadwater.GracenoddedandpattedRiyaonthebackwitharelievedsmile.Sheclearedherthroat,uttering,“Riya,Iamsotouchedbyyourhonestyandcourage.Youareagoodgirl.”ShealsoexpressedherapologytoJaneandcomfortedher.Shetoldthewholeclassthatmakingamistakewasnotterribleandthatthecouragetoadmitittrulycounted.Apparently,Riyasetagoodexampleforeveryoneelse.Sinceitwasamisunderstanding,MarygrinnedunderstandinglyatRiyaandreplied,“IforgiveyouandI’dliketosharethisnewpenwithyou.”Hearingherwords,Riyacouldn’thelphuggingMary.ItwasatthattimethatRiyacametorealizewhatmatteredmostwasnotthemistakemadebyherbuthonestyandcouragetotaketheblameforit.【写作指导】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Riya因为很欣赏朋友Mary的钢笔，而想拿Mary的钢笔写下她的名字，结果突然Jane走进教室，慌乱之下的Riya赶紧把笔放进口袋里。于是一场误会就此产生，Jane被当作小偷。当然，Riya最终勇敢地解决了这场误会。1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“但Riya知道什么是正确的做法。”可知，第一段可描述Riya勇敢地承认是她拿了Mary的新钢笔，并向Mary她们解释事情的经过及寻求原谅。②由第二段首句内容“Grace点点头，拍了拍Riya的背，欣慰地笑了。”可知，第二段可描述Grace赞赏Riya的诚实和勇敢，并告诉大家诚实面对错误的勇气以及误会消除了。2.续写线索：坦白——承认拿笔——道歉——希望获得原谅——Grace赞赏——教导大家——和解——误会消除——感悟3.词汇激活行为类①向前走：walktoward/steptoward/headtoward②道歉：apologize/makeanapology③拥抱：hugher/giveherahug情绪类①紧张的：nervous/tense②感动的：touched/moved【典型句式】[高分句型1]Then,RiyaturnedaroundtotellGracewhatwasthetruthandclaimedthatthemisunderstandingwascausedbyherinconsideration.（由what引导宾语从句和that引导的宾语从句）[高分句型2]Shetoldthewholeclassthatmakingamistakewasnotterribleandthatthecouragetoadmitittrulycounted.（由that引导的宾语从句）4．Para.1:Atthatmoment,agoodideastruckher.Whynotmakeapaper-cutting?SherememberedGrandmaLinextdoorcouldmakesomelifelikepaper-cuttings.Lilyjumpedwithjoyatthethought.“IcanaskGrandmaLitoteachmetomakepaper-cuttings!”Shegrabbedthescissorsandranout.Forthenextfewdays,themomentLilywentbackfromschool,shewenttolearnpaper-cuttingsfromGrandmaLi.Shewasveryexcitedwhenherartworkwasfinallycompleted.Para.2:OnFriday,Lilywenttoschoolearlywithherartwork.ThebellrangandMs.Claysteppedin.“Areyourartworksready?”Lilyandherclassmatesansweredloudly“Yes!”.SeeingLilysittinginherchairconfidently,Ms.Claywenttoherandgentlypickedupherpaper-cutting—severalchildrenplayinginthegarden