Lesson4语法填空核心考点突破非谓语导学案-上海高考英语语法专项课

Lesson4语法填空考点4：非谓语知识点知识点讲解★分词1.过去分词作定语，表完成/被动。(1).过去分词短语作定语，置于名词后 (leavesfallenfromthetree)(2).过去分词单词作定语，置于名词前(brokenhearts,friedchicken)注意：有些单个过去分词习惯后置。如left/remained/concerned等。e.g.Heistheonlypersonleft.Thememoryremained(=theremainingmemory)alwaysremindsmeofyou.thedepartmentconcerned有关部门2.现在分词作定语，表主动/进行。(1).现在分词短语作定语，置于名词后 (2).现在分词单词作定语，置于名词前 注意：现在分词与动名词作定语的区别。动名词作定语表用途。e.g.动名词aswimmingpool,awaitingroom,awalkingstick,ameasuringtape,asleepingcar...；e.g.现分asleepingchild,awaitingman,apassingplane...3.现在分词/动名词有四种形式一般式doing被动式beingdone完成式havingdone（不作后置定语）完成被动式havingbeendone（不作后置定语）5.过去分词只有一种形式：done6.分词作状语的写法步骤（以现分为例，同样适用于过分、形容词、名词）：1. 几个有逻辑关系的简单句，主语一致。2. 一句做主体，不变；另几句去掉主语，主语后第一个动词变为doing。3. 如果doing为being，being可以省略。拆分&整合：e.g.Ifelthot.Ijumpedintotheriver.整合→Feelinghot,Ijumpedintotheriver.e.g. Glancingatthebitsofwoodandmetalthatlayaroundhim,themansadlypickedupthemattressandcarrieditintohishouse.拆分→1. Themanglancedat… 2.Themansadlypickedup…7.分词作状语的时态语态(1).完成式：have/has/haddone→havingdonee.g.Hehadpletedabook.Hehadaholiday.整合→Havingpletedthebook,hehadaholiday.(2).否定式：don’t/doesn’t/didn’tdo→notdoinge.g.Ididn’twanttowakeher.Ileftthehousesilently.整合→Notwantingtowakeher,Ileftthehousesilently.(3).否定+完成式：nothavingdonee.g.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.拆分→1.Hehadn’treceivedananswer. 2.Hedecidedto…(4).being是否省略看场合：e.g.Beingbeatenbyhim,Icalledthepolice.拆分→1.Iwasbeingbeatenbyhim.2.Icalledthepolice.8.分词作状语是对状语从句的升级用分词作状语，是对状语从句的升级，升级后可省略状从的连词，所以分词可以表示各种状从的关系。还原时可补上连词，或拆分为几个简单句。e.g.Afterweheardthejoke,westartedlaughing.整合→(After)Hearingthejoke,westartedlaughing.e.g.(When)givenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.拆分→Whenyouaregiven…,youshould…★动名词1. 作主语动名词作主语有时可以用it作形式主语来写，而这些往往是固定句型：e.g.Itisnouse/nogoodcryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。→Cryingoverspiltmilkisnouse/nogood.注：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表抽象、多次、或已完成行为，不定式作主语表具体、一次、或未完成动行为。Playingwithfireisdangerous.（泛指玩火）Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.（指一具体动作）2. 作表语动名词作表语的句子常为what引导的名词性从句。与主语对等，可互换位置。e.g.Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.=Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.3. 作宾语或介宾：背诵固定搭配。4. 作定语，表用途e.g. awashingmachine=amachinewhichisusedforwashingaswimmingpool,awaitingroom,awalkingstick,areadingroom,ameasuringtape,asleepingcar区别：现在分词作定语，表主动或进行的动作 asleepingchild,awaitingman,apassingplane5.动名词的复合结构形式：物主代词/名词所有格+doing；动名词的复合结构实际上是对主从、表从、宾从的简化。e.g.Heringencouragedallofus.她的到来鼓舞了我们。=Thatshecameencouragedallofus.6.动名词的时态语态动名词n./现在分词v.的四种形式一般式doing 被动式beingdone完成式havingdone 完成被动式havingbeendonee.g. 1.Heloveseatingteaeggs.一般式2. Hetoldmeabouthavinghad10teaeggsonhiswaytoschool.完成式3. Weheardofhishavingbeengagged.完成被动式4. Hedidn’tlikebeinglaughedat.被动式★不定式1. 作主语e.g.Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。/百闻不如一见。Tomakehimchangehismindisnoteasy.→Itisnoteasytomakehimchangehismind.当作主语的不定式较长时，可用it作形式主语来写，而这些往往是固定句型:e.g.Itiseasy/difficult/heavy/important/(im)possible...(forsb.)todoItisapleasure/apity/anhonour...(forsb.)todoItisbrave/careless/considerate/kind/polite/rude/thoughtful/wise...(ofsb.)todoIttakes(sb.)[sometime]todo2. 作表语e.g.HismajorjobistoteachSeniorThreestudents.Heappears/seemstohavecaughtcold.他好像得了感冒。Whatsurprisedmemostistoseesomanypeoplehere.3.作宾语：背诵固定搭配。4. 作定语Therearemanypeopletobelievethisnonsense.Thereisnotimetowaste.Thewayhowtohelpthepupilisbeingstudied.Wearesurehehastheabilitytodealwiththisproblem.注：(1) 序数词、adj.最高级、only、不定代词等修饰的名词，用不定式作后置定语来修饰此名词：e.g.Heisalwaysthefirststudenttoe,andthelastonetoleave.(2) 不定式为不及物动词vi.勿忘介词：e.g. Ineedapentowritewith. 5. 作状语(1)原因状语e.g. I’msorrytohearthat.注意：too...to结构中，当形容词是anxious,delighted,eager,easy,glad,kind,pleased,ready,surprised,willing...不表示否定。e.g. Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.(2) 目的状语e.g. Weshouldstudyhard(inorder/soas)toservethepeoplewell.(3) 结果状语常与only,never连用，强调与预期相反的结果和失望的情绪。e.g. Ihurriedtogetthereonlytofindhimout.6. 疑问词+不定式（疑问词不能用if）此结构相当于一个名词短语，可以作主语、宾语/介宾、表语等。e.g. Whentostarthasnotbeendecided. e.g. Hedidn’tknowwhethertogothereornot.语法语法填空精选试题2024一模宝山区 Todecideifdatasetscountasbigdata,theyareevaluatedusingthreestandards(22)_____(know)as"thethreeVs." Key:known2024一模宝山区 Forexample,some(26)_____(stream)websitesrelyonbigdatatosuggestmusicortelevisionofferingstailoredtotheuser'sinterests. Key:streaming2024一模宝山区 Governmentscanusebigdata(29)_____(plan)efficientpublictransportationsystemsandidentifyroadsthatneedmaintenance. Key:toplan2024一模崇明区 Butduringtheneurological(神经学的)recordinghesufferedafatalheartattack(22)_____(offer)anunexpectedrecordingofadyingbrain. Key:offering2024一模崇明区 DrZemmarsaiditwasimpossible(26)_____(tell). Key:totell2024一模虹口区 Everycatownerhasastorytotellofbeingblankedbytheircat.Wecalltoourcat,itturnsawayandsomeofusmightbeleft(21)_________(wonder)whywedidn’tgetadog.Key:wondering2024一模虹口区 Andforgetabouttryingtogetacat(27)_________(sit)stillforanM.R.I.scan(核磁共振扫描)tostudyitsbrainfunction. Key:tosit2024一模黄浦区 Evidentlymytendency(24)________(take)abreakwithoutaplanisunlikelytoproducearestorativeeffect. Key:totake2024一模黄浦区 Instead,oneshouldmakegoodpreparationsforthatperiodoftime.JaimeKurtz,apsychologyprofessoratJamesMadisonUniversityandtheauthorof“TheHappyTraveler:UnpackingtheSecretsofBetterVacations,”advises(25)________(ask)oneself“IfIweremovingawaysoon,whatwouldImostwanttodoandwhowouldImostwanttospendtimewith?”Key:asking2024一模黄浦区 Youcouldgoforawalkoradrivewhilelisteningto“SlowRadio,”averyfortingBBCpodcast(28)________(feature)soundsofthenaturalworld. Key:featuring2024一模静安区 Japan’sartificialintelligenceexpertiseistransformingtheeldercareindustrywith(21)________(specialize)roboticcareacplishingmorethanjusttakingpressureoffthecriticalshortageofcaregivers. Key:specialized2024一模静安区 ThelongstandingshortageofprofessionalcareworkershasencouragedtheJapanesegovernment(25)________(simplify)proceduresforforeigncaregiverstobetrainedandcertified. Key:tosimplify2024一模静安区 Anotherdepressingrealityisthat19to38percentofforeignnurseswhopasstheexamopttoleavetheindustryandreturnhome(29)________(cite)toughworkconditionsandlonghours.Key:citing2024一模金山区 Itremainsunparalleledinitsoriginalunmercializedmission(24)______(serve)asaconnectorofpeopleandafacilitatoroffriendship. Key:toserve2024一模金山区 Withoutever(28)______(bump)intoeachother. Key:bumping2024一模闵行区 HavingusedlighttrapstocapturenightflyinginsectsandDNAanalysis(26)______(identify)them,DrMüllerandhiscolleaguesfoundthediversityofnoisyanimalswasareliableindicatorforthediversityofthequieteronestoo. Key:toidentify2024一模闵行区 DrMüllerhopesanautomatedapproachto(29)______(check)ontheresultscouldhelpmonitorsuchefforts. Key:checking2024一模青浦区 Sheinvitedwomenfromnearandfartofillthe(21)________(remain)linedpagesofhernotebookwiththeirownstories. Key:remaining2024一模松江区 Buynowpaylater(BNPL)spendingisexpectedtorisetorecordlevelsthisholidayseason,withquestionsemergingabouttherisksitposestobudgetsinthemonths(21)______(e).Key:toe2024一模松江区 TheyindicatethatBNPLmayencouragedebttoincreaseovertime(29)______(influence)aconsumer’sabilitytomeetnonBNPLmitments. Key:influencing2024一模徐汇区 Theincrediblerockformationshaveresultedinthepark(23)______(recognize)asaWorldHeritageSitethankstoitsextraordinarysizeandscientificimportance. Key:beingrecognized2024一模徐汇区 SeveralsetsofNativeAmericanremainshavebeenrecovered(26)______(provide)fascinatingevidenceofpreColumbianfunerarypractices. Key:providing2024一模杨浦区 Atthesametime,thousandsofpeopleinthecitydidn'thaveenough(28)________(eat). Key:toeat2024一模杨浦区 ThegirlssetupFreshHubwith10oftheirclassmates(29)________(hope)todosomethingtohelp. Key:hoping2024一模长宁区 Susanwassixyearsold(22)________(suffer)fromdepression. Key:suffering2024一模长宁区 ReneSpitz,a(23)_________(note)psychologicalresearcher,foundthatinfantswhowereinaninstitutionalorphanageafterWorldWarIIrefusedtoeatandeventuallydied24theyweren’theldbytheircaretakers. Key:noted2024一模长宁区 Childrenhaveaninnateneed(25)________(hold)andforted. Key:tobeheld2024一模嘉定区 Forexample,threestickscancreateatriangle,astablestructure.Manymonphrasesareinthreewords,suchas“ready,set,go”.Beingthefirstthingskidsmaylearn,somenurseryrhymeshaveaword(24)______(repeat)threetimes. Key:repeated2024一模嘉定区 Whyisitalwaysthethirdsonwhobehavesdifferentlyfromhistwoolderbrothers,thus(26)__________(win)theprincess? Key:winning2024一模嘉定区 Theyanalyzedmorethan1,300fictionbooksandarrangedfor10,000wordsfromthebooks(28)__________(rate)by50participantsonahappinessscaleof1to9. Key:toberated2024一模浦东新区 (24)________(face)wildlifeisthenumberofacres