五大基本句式的成分划分练习

PAGEPAGE5基本句型一主语—系动词—表语（SVC）英文中常见的系动词主要有：become,look,seem,appear,get,feel,grow,turn,remain,come,fall,hold,keep,stand,stay,smell,sound,taste等。系动词后接的部分可称为表语或（主语）补足语，主要是用来说明主语的性质、状态、特征、职业、年龄等等。Thismachineisingoodcondition.这台机器的情况良好。Thegardensmellspleasant.这座花园香气怡人。Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.丝绸摸起来又软又滑。二、主语—动词（SV）这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，没有直接宾语；但常带有状语。Thewaterisboiling. Theyhavebeenwaitingthereforhours.Thetrainwillleavesoon. Theflagsarewavinginthewind.三、主语—动词—宾语（SVO）这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，必须带有自己的宾语。Hehasasister. Theywantedtohavearest.Shesuccessfullycarriedoutherplan.四、主语—动词—宾语—宾语（SVOO）此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语：前一个宾语称为”间接宾语”，多由代词或名词充当；后一个宾语称为”直接宾语”，往往由名词充当。这类句型常有”给某人某物”、”送某人某物”、”留给某人某物”等意思。常见的这类谓语动词有give,bring,tell,send,leave,pass,write,take,show,teach,get,award,lend,rent,buy,pay),hand,recommend等。Shebroughtmeashirt. Passhimthedictionary,please.Ilendhimmybicycle.五、主语—动词—宾语—宾语补足语（SVOC）在这一结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语”做什么”、”怎么样”等方面进行补充说明。宾语和谓语动词是”动宾关系”，而宾语和它的补足语在逻辑上却是”主谓关系”。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当。Weelectedhimourmonitor. Thenewsmademehappy.PresidentappointedJohnmanagerofMarketing. Heheardsomebodyopeningthedoor.Weknowhimtobeanexpert.Thestorymadeuslaugh.Ifoundmyselfindark.V.句子的成分构成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,同位语。它们可以由单词来担任,也可以由词组以及句子来担任。主语一个句子中所要表达、描述的人或物，是句子的主体。Iworkhere. Sheisanewteacher.Heisinchargeofalimitedcompany.主语可以由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,名词化形容词,分词,从句,短语等来担任。Thebookisonthedesk. Whentobeginisnotknownyet.Thewoundedhasbeentakentothehospital.谓语用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。Thechildhasbeenbroughtupbyhismother. Wedon’tknowhimverywell.ShespeaksEnglishfluently.表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。Thesedesksareyellow. Wearehappynow.Thedictionaryisinthebag. Myquestionishowyouknewhim.宾语是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者。宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任，宾语一般放在谓语动词后面。Isawacatinthetree. Iwanttogoshopping.Wethinkyouareright.有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,其中一个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语,可以带两个宾语的动词有bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面,如果强调直接宾语可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面,但间接宾语前须加"to"。Myfatherboughtmeabook. Givetherubbertome.PleasegivethelettertoXiaoLi.有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外，还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整,它们一起构成复合宾语,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系，这也是判断是两个宾语还是复合宾语的依据,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任。WeallcallhimLaoWang. Pleasecoloritred.Wefoundthelittlegirlinthehill.定语用于描述名词，代词，短语或从句的性质、特征范围等情况的词叫做定语；定语可以由名词，形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词、短语担任。如果定语是单个词，定语放在被修饰词的前面，如果是词组，定语放在被修饰词的后面。Thatisabeautifulflower. Thisismybook,notyourbook.Ihavealotofthingstodo.状语英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

HespeaksEnglishverywell.Tenyearsago,ShebegantoliveinDalian.

Heisplayingunderthetree.同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语（appositive）。这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任，同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后。Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallyexciting.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.句子成分练习题(一)(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，4分钟）①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二)选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，10分钟）①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book(三)挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.(四)挑出下列句中的表语（5分，5分钟）①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(五)挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟）①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分，6分钟）①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(七)挑出下列句中的状语（8分，8分钟）①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分，5分钟）①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?句子成分练习题(二)指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1.Whetherwe’llgodependontheweather.2.People’sstandardsoflivingaregoingupsteadily.3.Thatwashowtheyweredefeated.4.Thenurserytakesgoodcareofourchildren.5.I’llreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.6.Wearesurethatweshallsucceed.7.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishisother.8.TherearemanyfilmthatI’dliketosee.9.Haveyoumetthepersonaboutwhomhewasspeaking?10.Ihavealotofworktodo.AnywayIwon’tstopyoufromdoingit.Isaiditinfun.Wecansendacarovertofetchyou.Shehadtoworkstandingup.Seeingthis,somecomradesbecameveryworried.Muchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.Thebusarrivedtenminuteslate.Weshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul.Springcomingon,thetreeturnedgreen.Somefarmerssawsomethingstrangeinthesky.Wethinkitnecessarythateveryoneshouldattendthemeeting.It’sstrangethatshedoesn’tcometoday.ItwasinthelibrarythatIcometoday.Helikesdrawingattimeswhenheisn’tworking.Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.句子成分练习题(三)A1、_sixyearssinceIbegantostudyEnglish.

A.ItisB.IhavebeenC.ThereareD.Itwas2、___intheroomatthattime.

A.NobodywasB.SomeonewereC.WhoisD.Heare3、IT'Sverynoisyoutside.___isgoingon?

A.WhoB.WhatC.WhichD.Where4、___inEnglishinclasseverydayisimportant.

A.SpeakB.TalkingC.SayingD.Totell5、Theremustbe____nearthefactory.

A.abookstoreB.bookstoreC.booksstoreD.booksstores6、Althoughit'sraininghard,___arestillworkinginthefields.

A.buttheyB.andtheyC.theyD.sincethey

B1、Thedoctoraswellasthenurses___greatconcernforthepatients.

A.showB.showsC.haveshownD.areshowing2、Yoursonmustbeacleverboy,___he?

A.isB.isn'tC.mustD.mustn't3、Thecomputercenter,___lastyear,isverypopularamongstudentsinthisschool.

A.openB.openingC.openedD.beingopened4、I___gototheshoptoday,forthereisalotoffoodathome.

A.mustn'tB.hadtoC.can'tD.needn't5、Don't___excited.

A.getB.isC.seemD.look6Thisroom___everymorning.

A.iscleaningB.iscleanedC.cleansD.cleaning

C1、Gladtomeetyou!___isyourfullname?

A.WhatB.WhereC.HowD.Who2、Heis___tolifttheheavybox.

A.tooweakB.weaktooC.enoughweakD.weakenough3、Thedaysare___warmerandwarmerinspring.

A.gettingB.lookingC.seemingD.going4、Hisjobis____English.

A.teachB.toteachC.taughtD.teaches5、Twoballsare___.

A.underthedeskB.inthewallC.tohereD.atdesks

D1、Weshouldgetready___others.

A.helpingB.tohelpC.helpD.helpwith2、___interestingworkwearedoing?

A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Whatan3、Iwant___ateacherwhenIgrowup(-fx;fc).

A.tobeB.toC.beD.being4、-Wouldyouliketogoonapicnicwithmetoday?

-Idon'tthinkso.Tobehonest,Ireallydon'tfeellike___ona

picnic.

A.goingB.togoC.goD.went5Doyouknow___?

A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelives

C.whereheliveD.ifwherehelives6Let____doitagain.

A.IB.meC.heD.she7Idon'tknow___.

A.howtodoB.whattodoC.wheretodoD.whentodo

E1、Isawhim___basketballwithJackanhourago.

A.playsB.toplayC.playedD.playo2、Sorry,we'vekeptyou___foralongtime.

A.waitedB.singC.standD.waiting3、Theteachertoldus____lateagain.

A.aren'tbeB.don'tbeC.nottobeD.notbe4、Wefindtheroomvery___.

A.warmB.warmlyC.terriblyD.hardly

F1、Ifound___difficulttoworktogetherwithhim.

A.itB.itsC.thatD.those2、Weallknow___ourdutytocleanourclassroomafterschooleveryday.

A.thatB.thisC.whichD.it3、Hefound___veryinterestingtoplaywiththelittledog.

A.whatB.itC./D.that

G1Tomsaidhe___agooddreamyesterdayevening.

A.dreamB.dreamedC.haveD.has2Children___ahappylifeinChina.

A.leadB.livingC.hasD.leading

H1America,JapanandCanadaare___countries.

A.developingB.developedC.lessdevelopedD.develop2-_skirtisthatonthechair?

-Letmesee.Oh,no,it'snotmine.

A.WhoseB.WhatC.Who'sD.Which3Doyouhaveanything___?

A.sayingB.to^ayC.saidD.say4Look,thereisan___treebythewall.

A.appleB.apple'sC.apples'D.apples5Whereis____seat?

A.yoursB.yourC.youD.yourselves

I1Theboxis___heavyforher___carry.

A.very;toB.too;notto

C.too;toD.verytoo;to2-___didyoubuythenewbag?

-LastMonday.

A.WhereB.HowC.WhenD.Who3Youcanseethesesignsinahospital.___canyouseethem?

A.WhereelseB.Whereplaceelse

C.WhereelseplaceD.Elsewhere4Theywentout___theiroldfriends.

A.visitB.visitingC.tovisitD.visited5Thereisawideriver____ourvillage.

A.outsideB.overC.fromD.below

J1Theyoungman,___worksintheoffice.

A