浙江省温州市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末教学质量统一检测英语试卷A【含答案解析】

2023学年第一学期温州市高二期末教学质量统一检测英语试题（A卷）本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。全卷共12页，选择题部分1至9页，非选择题部分10至12页。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卷上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卷上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用像皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卷上，写在本试题卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoing?A.Findingashelter.B.Takinganumbrella.C.Checkingtheweather.2.Whatwouldthewomanliketowatch?A.Ahorrormovie.B.Anactionmovie.C.Aromancemovie.3.Howdoesthewomanfeelnow?A.Worried.B.Excited.C.Moved.4.Whattimedidthemanplantogetup?A.At7:00.B.At7:30.C.At8:00.5.Wherewillthespeakersgofirst?A.Thepark.B.Thebeach.C.Thecafé.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Workmates.B.Neighbours.C.Schoolmates.7.Howmuchwillthewomanpayaltogether?A.8.5dollars.B.10dollars.C.11.5dollars.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhatdoesSarawanttodotoday?A.Totakeaphotograph.B.Totryanewhairstyle.C.Tohaveherhairwashed.9.HowdoesSaradescribeherhair?A.Cool.B.Oily.C.Dry.10.Whatdoesthemanrecommend?A.Anewshampoo.B.Agoodhairdryer.C.Ahealthproduct.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.WhatdidthemanthinkoftheManhattanlife?A.Busy.B.Peaceful.C.Fantastic.12.WhydidthemancancelthetriptotheCentralPark?A.Becausehewasn’tinterestedinit.B.Becausethetrafficwastoocrowded.C.Becausetherewasnotimeavailable.13.Whichtouristattractionimpressedthemanmost?A.TheStatueofLiberty.B.TheWashingtonSquare.C.TheEmpireStateBuilding.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whydidthewomanclickonthelink?A.Tohaveadiscount.B.Toremoveviruses.C.Torunsoftware.15.Wherearethespeakers?A.Athome.B.Intheoffice.C.Inarepairshop.16.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Officework.B.Onlineshopping.C.Networksecurity.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisprobablythespeaker?A.Aneditor.B.Ahost.C.Alecturer.18.WhatdidRalphEmersondo?A.Hepublishedanovel.B.Herecommendedabook.C.Hefoundedamagazine.19.WhatdoweknowaboutTheAtlantic?AIt’swide-ranging.B.It’sstudent-targeted.C.It’snewly-established.20.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.Todiscussatopic.B.Todoapromotion.C.Tointroduceanapp.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ACaliforniaishometosomeofthemostbeautifulbotanicalgardensinthecountry.Supposeyouwanttoappreciateuniquelandscapesandnativeplants,thisposthaswhatyouneedtoexperienceintheGoldenState.SanFranciscoBotanicalGardenLocatedintheGoldenGatePark,thisgardenishometoover9,000typesofplants.Ithas55acresofwalkingpathsandstreamswherefamilies,couples,andsolotravelerscanescapefromthenoiseofthecity.Itoffersattractiveflorals(植物群)duringeveryseasonoftheyear.CaliforniaBotanicGardenIt’sthelargestbotanicgardendevotedtoCalifornia-nativeplants.Asalivingmuseum,theCaliforniaBotanicGardenfeaturesover22,000California-nativeplantspecies,manyofwhichareendangeredspecies.Thegardenoffersguidedwalksandtoursforvisitorswhowantabehind-the-sceneslookatthegardenanditsmanybeautifulspecies.UCBotanicalGardenatBerkeleyThisgardenfeaturesthemostdiverselandscapesintheworld.Ithasover10,000typesofplants.Theplantcollectionshereareimpressive;visitorscanwanderforhoursandstillfindnewplantstoadmire.Specialeventsarehostedtherethroughouttheyear,includingplantsalesandsummercampsforkids.SanDiegoBotanicGardenThiscoastalCaliforniabotanicgardenhas4milesoftrailsandoceanviewsandfeaturesover5,000plantspecies.Among29uniquelythemedgardenson-site,thebamboogardencollectionisamust-see.Withover100specieswithinthelivingcollectionofbamboo,guestscanexperiencemanydistinctiveeco-friendlyplantsupclose.IfexploringthebotanicalgardensinCaliforniaisonyourto-dolist,don’twaitanylonger!We’reconfidentthiscollectionofmust-seeoutdoorgardenswillentertain,amaze,andinspireyou.1.Whichbotanicalgardenhasthemosttypesofplants?A.SanFranciscoBotanicalGarden. B.CaliforniaBotanicGarden.C.UCBotanicalGarden. D.SanDiegoBotanicGarden.2.WhatisspecialaboutSanDiegoBotanicGarden?A.Itholdsdifferenteventsregularly. B.Ithasdistinctivethemegardens.C.ItfeaturesCalifornia-nativeplants. D.Itshowsvariouslandscapesworldwide.3.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthetext?A.Travellers. B.Gardeners. C.Researchers. D.Guides.【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了加州一些全国最美丽的植物园。【1题详解】细节理解题。由文章SanFranciscoBotanicalGarden部分中“BecauseinDuchang.(这个花园位于金门公园，有9000多种植物。)”、CaliforniaBotanicGarden部分中“Asalivingmuseum,theCaliforniaBotanicGardenfeaturesover22,000California-nativeplantspecies,manyofwhichareendangeredspecies.(作为一个活生生的博物馆，加州植物园拥有超过22,000种加州本土植物，其中许多是濒危物种。)”、UCBotanicalGardenatBerkeley部分中“Ithasover10,000typesofplants.(这里有一万多种植物。)”、SanDiegoBotanicGarden部分中“ThiscoastalCaliforniabotanicgardenhas4milesoftrailsandoceanviewsandfeaturesover5,000plantspecies.(这个加利福尼亚海岸植物园有4英里的步道和海景，拥有5000多种植物。)”可知，CaliforniaBotanicGarden植物种类最多。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。由文章SanDiegoBotanicGarden部分中“Among29uniquelythemedgardenson-site,thebamboogardencollectionisamust-see.(在29个独特的主题花园中，竹园收藏是不容错过的。)”可知，SanDiegoBotanicGarden特别之处在于它有独特的主题花园。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段“Californiaishometosomeofthemostbeautifulbotanicalgardensinthecountry.Supposeyouwanttoappreciateuniquelandscapesandnativeplants,thisposthaswhatyouneedtoexperienceintheGoldenState.(加州有一些全国最美丽的植物园。假设你想欣赏独特的风景和本土植物，这篇文章有你在金州需要体验的东西。)”可知，文章的目标读者是游客。故选A。BHaveyoueverwonderedwhathappenstoyourmobilephonesandlaptopsafteryouthrowthemouttomakewayforanewermodel?AccordingtoitslatestGlobalE-WasteMonitor,Indiaisthethirdtopproducerofe-wasteintheworld.E-wasteinIndianlandfillgoesontopollutesoilandgroundwater,affectingfoodsupplysystemsandwatersources.Thankfully,thecountryhasanewgroupofartistswhoarechangingthesethrownmechanicalitems-frommobilephonestooldtelevisions-intolargemurals(壁画)andartworkstocreativelyshowtheirconcernforthewasteproblem.Overthepastquarterofacentury,Mumbai’sHaribaabuNaatesanhastransformedhundredsoftonnesofe-wasteintoart,integratingelementsfromnatureandindustry.“Igetmywastematerialfromfriends,relativesandneighbourswhoknowmyinterestine-artandsendmebagsofthrownelectronicappliances,”saysNaatesan.Overhiscareer,hehascreatedhugemuralsforseveralcompanies.HehasalsoshowedhisworkattheIndiaArtFair,aswellasseveralothernationaldisplays.AnotherartistVishwanathDavangerehasalsolongworkedwithe-waste.Helikestotakeapartoldlaptopsandreassemble(重新组装)themintobirds,animalsandplants.Afterretirement,hestartedpursuingthishobbymoreseriouslyandstartedsellinghiscreationsacrosstheworld.HismostoutstandingworksincludearoboticEgyptianstatuewithglowingredeyesandaMilkyWaymadefromkeyboardkeys.Hehopestoenableotherstoreconsidertheirownconsumptionhabitsandmakemoreenvironmentallyconsciouschoices.“Bygivinge-wasteasecondchance,Iaimtoraiseawarenessabouttheenvironmentalimpactofelectronicwaste.”saysDavangare,whotodayhasacollectionofmorethan600eco-artobjects.4.WhydotheartistscreateartworksfromE-waste?A.Topromotetheirartisticcareer. B.Toupdateelectronicappliances.C.Tomakeprofitsforseveralcompanies. D.Toexpresstheirenvironmentalconcern.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutNaatesanfromparagraph3?A.Hiscreationsaredisplayedglobally. B.Hegainssupportfrompeoplearound.C.Hehasbeencreatinge-artfor10years. D.Hisworksintegratetechnologyandhistory.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDavangere?A.Reliable. B.Confident. C.Devoted. D.Generous.7.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.E-wasteRecyclingSweepingtheWorld B.EnvironmentalProblemsWorryingIndiansC.AnArtMovementTurningTrashintoCash D.IndianCreativesTransformingE-wasteintoArt【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了印度一些艺术家将废弃的电子设备变成大型壁画和艺术作品，以创造性地表达他们对垃圾问题的关注。【4题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段“Thankfully,thecountryhasanewgroupofartistswhoarechangingthesethrownmechanicalitems-frommobilephonestooldtelevisions-intolargemurals(壁画)andartworkstocreativelyshowtheirconcernforthewasteproblem.(值得庆幸的是，这个国家出现了一群新的艺术家，他们正在把这些被丢弃的机械物品——从手机到旧电视——变成大型壁画和艺术品，以创造性地表达他们对废物问题的关注。)”可知，艺术家们用电子垃圾创作艺术品表达他们对环境的关注。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。由文章第三段中““Igetmywastematerialfromfriends,relativesandneighbourswhoknowmyinterestine-artandsendmebagsofthrownelectronicappliances,”saysNaatesan.(Naatesan说:“我从朋友、亲戚和邻居那里得到废料，他们知道我对电子艺术的兴趣，给我寄来一袋袋扔掉的电子产品。”)”可知，他得到周围人的支持。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段““Bygivinge-wasteasecondchance,Iaimtoraiseawarenessabouttheenvironmentalimpactofelectronicwaste.”saysDavangare,whotodayhasacollectionofmorethan600eco-artobjects.(“通过给电子垃圾第二次机会，我的目标是提高人们对电子垃圾对环境影响的认识。”达万加尔说，他现在收藏了600多件生态艺术品。)”可知，他热衷于这项事业。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Thankfully,thecountryhasanewgroupofartistswhoarechangingthesethrownmechanicalitems-frommobilephonestooldtelevisions-intolargemurals(壁画)andartworkstocreativelyshowtheirconcernforthewasteproblem.(值得庆幸的是，这个国家出现了一群新的艺术家，他们正在把这些被丢弃的机械物品——从手机到旧电视——变成大型壁画和艺术品，以创造性地表达他们对废物问题的关注。)”可知，本文主要讲述了印度一些艺术家将废弃的电子设备变成大型壁画和艺术作品，以创造性地表达他们对垃圾问题的关注。因此选项D“IndianCreativesTransformingE-wasteintoArt(印度创意将电子垃圾转化为艺术)”可以作为最佳标题。故选D。CIn1921,KarelČapek’splayR.U.R.:Rossum’sUniversalRobotshaditsfirstpublicperformanceinPrague,andwastranslatedintoEnglishthefollowingyear.Heneededanameforthefactoryproducedhumanoidworkersofthestory,andwasthinkingofcoiningsomethingbasedontheword“labour”.ButhisbrotherJosefsuggestedanoldCzechwordfor“forcedlabour”,robota.Andtheword“robot”wasborn.IftheČapekshadknownEnglish,theymighthavechosenoneofthewordswithrelevantsensesthatwerealreadyinthelanguage.“Automaton”hadbeenavailablesincethe17thcenturyand“android”sincethe18th.Buttheclearsoundof“robot”seemedtocapturethepublicimagination,becausewithinfiveyearsitwasbeingusednotonlyforintelligentartificialbeingsbutforanymachinecapableofcarryingoutacomplexsetofmovements.Insciencefictions(小说),thewordtookonnewlife,withwriterssuchasIsaacAsimovwritingwell-regardednovelsinwhichrobotsplayedacentralrole.Itwasthesewriterswhofirstshortened“robot”to“bot”,butnoneofthemcouldhaveexpectedtheexplosionofusageswhicharrivedinthe1990s,astheshortenedwordcametobeadoptedincomputing.Today,abotisanypieceofsoftwarethatrunsanautomatedtask,suchasinsearchingtheInternetorplayingcomputergames.Ithasalsobecomeasuffix(后缀),withthefunctionofthe“bot”explainedintheotherpartoftheword,asinsearchbot,infobot,spybotandwarbot.Asearlyas1923,GeorgeBernardShawhadappliedtheword“robot”topeoplewhoactautomatically,withoutthinkingoremotion,usuallybecauseoftherepetitiveworktheyhavetodo.Nowanyonehavingautomaton-likebehaviourrisksattractingthelabel.AmoviestarcalledSamanthawhohastakenonthesametypeofcharactertoomanytimesmighthaveherrolesdescribedas“Samanthabots.”Andin2009“Obamabots”arrived-peoplewhosupportBarackObamawithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthim.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coining”inparagraph1mean?A.Delivering. B.Predicting. C.Inventing. D.Recommending.9.Howdidtheword“robot”developinthe1990s?A.Itwasnolongerlinkedwithmachines. B.Itwasgraduallyreplacedby“android”.C.Itwasshortenedandusedincomputing. D.Itwasonlyadoptedinwell-regardednovels.10.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theusageof“robot”indifferentsituations.B.Theimpactof“robot”onpeople’sbehaviour.C.Thepopularityof“robot”amongmoviestars.D.Theconnectionof“robot”withpublicfigures.11.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Awriter’sbiography. B.Asciencefiction.C.Atechnologynewspaper. D.Alanguageencyclopedia.【答案】8.C9.C10.A11.D【解析】【导语】是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“robota”这个词诞生的过程以及在不同情况下的使用。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“Heneededanameforthefactoryproducedhumanoidworkersofthestory…”（他需要为这个工厂生产的人形工人的故事取一个名字……）以及下一句“ButhisbrotherJosefsuggestedanoldCzechwordfor“forcedlabour”,robota.Andtheword“robot”wasborn.”（但他的兄弟约瑟夫(Josef)建议用一个古捷克语来表示“强迫劳动”，robota。“robota”这个词就这样诞生了。）由此可知，此处为并且正在考虑以“劳动”这个词为基础创造一个名字。故可猜测划线单词coining为“创造，发明”的意思，结合选项C项Inventing“发明”意思一致。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据“Itwasthesewriterswhofirstshortened“robot”to“bot”,butnoneofthemcouldhaveexpectedtheexplosionofusageswhicharrivedinthe1990s,astheshortenedwordcametobeadoptedincomputing.”（正是这些作者第一次将robot缩写为bot，但他们谁也没有想到，随着这个缩写词在计算机领域被采用，它的用法在20世纪90年代出现了爆炸式的增长。）可知，“robot”这个词在20世纪90年代被缩短并用于计算。故选C项。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Asearlyas1923,GeorgeBernardShawhadappliedtheword“robot”topeoplewhoactautomatically,withoutthinkingoremotion,usuallybecauseoftherepetitiveworktheyhavetodo.Nowanyonehavingautomaton-likebehaviourrisksattractingthelabel.AmoviestarcalledSamanthawhohastakenonthesametypeofcharactertoomanytimesmighthaveherrolesdescribedas“Samanthabots.”Andin2009“Obamabots”arrived-peoplewhosupportBarackObamawithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthim.”（早在1923年，乔治·萧伯纳就用“robot”一词来形容那些没有思考或情感就自动行动的人，通常是因为他们必须做重复的工作。现在，任何有类似机器人行为的人都有被贴上这个标签的风险。一位名叫萨曼莎(Samantha)的电影明星多次扮演同一类型的角色，她的角色可能被称为“萨曼莎博特”(Samanthaabots)。2009年出现了“奥巴马机器人”——那些对奥巴马一无所知却支持他的人。）可知，最后一段主要讲了“robot”在不同情况下的使用。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Heneededanameforthefactoryproducedhumanoidworkersofthestory,andwasthinkingofcoiningsomethingbasedontheword“labour”.ButhisbrotherJosefsuggestedanoldCzechwordfor“forcedlabour”,robota.Andtheword“robot”wasborn.”（他需要为这个工厂生产的人形工人的故事取一个名字，并且正在考虑以“劳动”这个词为基础创造一个名字。但他的兄弟约瑟夫(Josef)建议用一个古捷克语来表示“强迫劳动”，robota。“robota”这个词就这样诞生了。）可知，文章主要讲的是“robota”这个词的来源以及在不同情况下的使用。由此可推知，这段文字可能取自一本语言百科全书。故选D项。DTheroadtoaNobelPrize,themostrespectedscientificawardintheworld,isgrowingeverlonger,withalmosthalfofwinnersnowwaitingmorethan20yearsfrommakingaNobel-worthydiscoverytoreceivingtheprize.Oneanalysisshowsthattheaveragetimebetweenpublishingtheworkandreceivingoneofthescienceprizeshasnearlydoubledinthepast60years.Acrossthethreescienceprizes,chemistrynowhasthelongest“Nobellag”—anaverageof30yearsoverthepastdecade—andphysiologyormedicinehastheshortest,at26years.AlfredNobel’swillstatedthattheprizesshouldbeawarded“tothosewho,duringthepreviousyear,shallhavegiventhegreatestbenefittomankind.”Inrealitythishasonlyhappenedafewtimes.Butinthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury,itwascommonforNobelprizewinnerstobeintheir30s-andthatisunheardofnow,saysSantoFortunato,nowacomputationalsocialscientistatIndianaUniversity.Thereareanumberofpossiblereasonsforthis,saysYianYin,acomputationalsocialscientistatCornellUniversity.Itcouldbethattheoverallnumberofbreakthroughsisincreasingeachyear,soawardscannotkeepupwiththenumberofpeoplewhodeservetoberecognized,hesays.Itisalsothecasethattheimportanceofsomeworks,whichYindescribesas“sleepingbeauties”areonlyrealizedyearsordecadeslater.Besides,thelengtheninggapcouldbeasignthattherehasbeenadecreasein“disruptive”science-importantstudiesordiscoveriesthatchangetheparadigm(范式)oftheirfield.ThiscouldbecausingtheNobelcommitteestofocusmoreonthepast.Fortunatopointsoutthat,ifthegapcontinuestogrow,outstandingscientistscouldmissoutontheawardowingtotheNobelCommittee’srulebanningposthumousprizes(追授奖项).“Ithastostopatsomepoint,”hesays,addingthatarethinkoftheposthumous-awardingbanwouldallowmorepeople’sworktogettherecognitionthatitdeserves.12.Whydoesthewritermentionthenumbersinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Toexplainarule. B.Topresentafact.C.Toclarifyaconcept. D.Tomakeaprediction.13.WhatcanwelearnabouttheNobelprizewinnersfromtheparagraph3?A.Noneofthemareintheir30snowadays. B.Theirnamesareunheardofbythepublic.C.Noneofthemreceivetheprizesseveraltimes. D.Theymustmakecontributionstheyearbefore.14.WhymightbeacauseoftheNobellag?A.Thechangeinstandards. B.Therequirementoftheaward.C.Theincreaseinbreakthroughs. D.Thetraditionofthecommittees.15.WhatdoesFortunatosuggestinthelastparagraph?A.Reconsideringthecurrentrule. B.Establishingabettercommittee.C.Stoppingtheawardpresentation. D.Recognizingmorepeople’swork.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在过去的60年里，从发表论文到获得一个科学奖项的平均时间几乎翻了一番。在20世纪上半叶，诺贝尔奖得主通常都是30多岁，现在闻所未闻，文章分析了背后的原因和解决建议。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“TheroadtoaNobelPrize,themostrespectedscientificawardintheworld,isgrowingeverlonger,withalmosthalfofwinnersnowwaitingmorethan20yearsfrommakingaNobel-worthydiscoverytoreceivingtheprize.(诺贝尔奖是世界上最受尊敬的科学奖项，通往诺贝尔奖的道路越来越长，几乎一半的获奖者现在从做出值得诺贝尔奖的发现到获得该奖等了20多年)”以及第二段“Oneanalysisshowsthattheaveragetimebetweenpublishingtheworkandreceivingoneofthescienceprizeshasnearlydoubledinthepast60years.Acrossthethreescienceprizes,chemistrynowhasthelongest“Nobellag”—anaverageof30yearsoverthepastdecade—andphysiologyormedicinehastheshortest,at26years.(一项分析显示，在过去的60年里，从发表论文到获得一个科学奖项的平均时间几乎翻了一番。在三个科学奖项中，化学现在拥有最长的“诺贝尔滞后”——在过去十年中平均为30年——而生理学或医学奖最短，为26年)”可推知，作者在前两段提到数字是为了陈述事实。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Butinthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury,itwascommonforNobelprizewinnerstobeintheir30s-andthatisunheardofnow,saysSantoFortunato,nowacomputationalsocialscientistatIndianaUniversity.(但在20世纪上半叶，诺贝尔奖得主通常都是30多岁，现在闻所未闻，现为印第安纳大学计算社会科学家的桑托·福尔图纳托说)”可知，如今诺贝尔奖得主都不是30多岁。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Itcouldbethattheoverallnumberofbreakthroughsisincreasingeachyear,soawardscannotkeepupwiththenumberofpeoplewhodeservetoberecognized,hesays.(他说，这可能是因为每年的突破总数都在增加，所以奖项跟不上值得被认可的人的数量)”可知，突破的增加可能是诺贝尔奖滞后的一个原因。故选C。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段““Ithastostopatsomepoint,”hesays,addingthatarethinkoftheposthumous-awardingbanwouldallowmorepeople’sworktogettherecognitionthatitdeserves.(“这必须在某个时候停止，”他说，并补充说，重新考虑追授禁令将使更多的人的工作得到应有的认可。)”可知，福尔图纳托在最后一段暗示了重新考虑现行规则。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manypeoplesuspecttheeffectivenessofbodylanguage____16____Thefollowingisalistofpopularmyths(谬论)andmisconceptions.Myth1:FakingbodylanguageisnotOK.Fakingispartofhuman’swayoflifeandpeopleseemtobealwaysfascinatedwithanymethodthatallowsthemtofakewhentheyneedit.Isthatwrong?Thetruthisthereisnoharmintrying.Theultimateaimwithbodylanguageistoimprovetheoverallqualityofthecommunicationandallowyoutogetwhatyouwant.Asselfishasthismaysound,thisiswhateverybodyisafter____17____Ifyoufindthataparticulartechniqueworksforyou,goaheadanduseit.Myth2:Youcanspotaliethroughbodylanguage.Overtheyearstherehavebeenmanyclaimsthatcertainnon-verbalsignalsindicatethatapersonislying.Thesegesturesandnon-verbalsignalsarenowwell-known,suchastouchingthenoseandcoveringthemouth.However,someresearchershavefoundthatthesesignalsdon’tdirectlyindicatethatsomeoneislying____18____Pressuredoesn’tnecessarilymeanthatthepersonislying;itisonlyasignalamongothers.Myth3:____19____Foralongtime,presentationcoachesonbodylanguageseemtohavebeenadvisingpeoplethatholdingtheirhandsbehindthemisasignofpower____20____Hence,puttinghandsbehindyouwithanintentiontoshowoffyourpowerisamyth.Generally,whenhandsarehiddenfromview,peoplebecomemistrustfulofyoubecausetheycannotseewhatyouaredoingorholding.A.Thereisnopointindenyingit.B.Bodylanguageisspecifictoculture.C.Alltheyindicateisthatsomeoneisstressed.D.Researchshowsthatmostpeoplefinditwrong.E.Puttingyourhandsbehindyourbackshowspower.F.Thequestioniswhetheritispossibletofakebodylanguage.G.Thisnegativeviewtowardsbodylanguageisoftenduetomyths.【答案】16.G17.F18.C19.E20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了关于肢体语言的谬论和误解。【16题详解】由上文“Manypeoplesuspecttheeffectivenessofbodylanguage(许多人怀疑肢体语言的有效性。)”可知，本空要说跟“这种怀疑的原因”有关的话题，由后文“Thefollowingisalistofpopularmyths(谬论)andmisconceptions.(以下是一些流行的谬论和误解。)”可知，本句要表达怀疑的原因是谬论，故G选项“Thisnegativeviewtowardsbodylanguageisoftenduetomyths(这种对肢体语言的负面看法往往是由于谬论。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选G。【17题详解】由上文“Fakingispartofhuman’swayoflifeandpeopleseemtobealwaysfascinatedwithanymethodthatallowsthemtofakewhentheyneedit.Isthatwrong?Thetruthisthereisnoharmintrying.Theultimateaimwithbodylanguageistoimprovetheoverallqualityofthecommunicationandallowyoutogetwhatyouwant.Asselfishasthismaysound,thisiswhateverybodyisafter(伪装是人类生活方式的一部分，人们似乎总是着迷于任何能让他们在需要的时候伪装的方法。这有错吗？事实是，尝试一下并没有坏处。肢体语言的最终目的是提高交流的整体质量，让你得到你想要的。虽然这听起来很自私，但这是每个人都在追求的。)”可知，本空要说跟“伪装肢体语言”有关的话题，故F选项“Thequestioniswhetheritispossibletofakebodylanguage.(问题是是否有可能伪装肢体语言。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。【18题详解】由下文“Pressuredoesn’tnecessarilymeanthatthepersonislying;itisonlyasignalamongothers.(压力并不一定意味着这个人在撒谎；它只是众多信号中的一个。)”可知，本空要说跟“压力”有关的话题，故C选项“Alltheyindicateisthatsomeoneisstressed.(它们所表明的只是某人有压力。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选C。【19题详解】由下文“Foralongtime,presentationcoachesonbodylanguageseemtohavebeenadvisingpeoplethatholdingtheirhandsbehindthemisasignofpower(很长一段时间以来，肢体语言的演讲教练似乎一直在建议人们把手放在身后是一种权力的象征)”可知，本空要说跟“把手放在背后显示权力”的谬论，故E选项“Puttingyourhandsbehindyourbackshowspower.(把手放在背后显示权力。)”能概括本段主题，符合题意。故选E。【20题详解】由下文“Hence,puttinghandsbehindyouwithanintentiontoshowoffyourpowerisamyth.Generally,whenhandsarehiddenfromview,peoplebecomemistrustfulofyoubecausetheycannotseewhatyouaredoingorholding.(因此，把手放在身后是为了展示你的权力是一个谬论。一般来说，当你的手藏起来的时候，人们会变得不信任你，因为他们看不见你在做什么或拿着什么。)”可知，本空与后文为因果关系，故D选项“Researchshowsthatmostpeoplefinditwrong.(研究表明，大多数人认为这是错误的。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。We’veallhadthem:“It’sbeenoneofthosedays”days.Itstartsout____21____,movestoworseandthengetshorrible.That’swhatIwashaving.Asthedayworeon,Istarted____22____dinner.Midwaythroughtherecipe,I____23____Iwasoutofsalt.Ijumpedintomycar,and____24____toaneighborhoodgrocerystore.Alongwiththesalt,I____25____afewextrathingsandheadedforthecheckoutstand.Attheregister,Iwrotethe____26____fortherequired$1251,andtheclerk____27____myitems.ThenInoticedthesalt____28____intheshoppingcart.Ihandedittothecashier.She____29____,“Whynotjustpayforitwithcash?It’sonly35cents.”I___30___I’drunoutofthehousewithonlyasinglecheckandmydriver’slicense.Thenthecashier____31____adollarbillfromherpocketandrangupthesalt.Thenshe____32____Itakethechange!Sheexplainedshealwayskeptafewsinglesinherpocketforsuchemergencies.That____33____gestureturnedmyentiredayfrom___34___tosmiles.It’slittlethingslikewhatshedidformethatdaythattrulymakethisabrighterworld,andI’llalwaysrememberher____35____.21.A.bad B.early C.new D.gradual22.A.serving B.preparing C.enjoying D.displaying23.A.realized B.acknowledged C.inferred D.pretended24.A.walked B.ran C.drove D.cycled25.A.handedin B.pickedup C.putdown D.wentthrough26.A.recipe B.salt C.cash D.check27.A.bagged B.estimated C.obtained D.purchased28.A.even B.again C.still D.also29.A.argued B.assumed C.suggested D.blamed30.A.complained B.explained C.suspected D.found31.A.pulled B.evaluated C.spotted D.switched32.A.persuaded B.recommended C.commanded D.insisted33.A.unique B.abnormal C.identical D.kind34.A.bows B.frowns C.shouts D.nods35.A.incident B.promise C.example D.emergency【答案】21.A22.B23.A24.C25.B26.D27.A28.C29.C30.B31.A32.D33.D34.B35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。短文主要讲述了作者在一天中遇到了一系列不顺的事情，包括忘了买盐，然后在超市遇到了一位善良的收银员，她主动帮助作者支付了盐的钱并且还找了零钱。这个小小的善举让作者的一天变得美好起来，也让作者深受感动，决心效仿这位收银员的榜样。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始很糟糕，然后变得更糟，然后变得可怕。A.bad糟糕的；B.early早的；C.new新的；D.gradual逐渐的。根据空后“movestoworseandthengetshorrible”可知，开始很糟糕，变得更糟，然后变得可怕。故答案为A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的流逝，我开始准备晚餐。A.serving服务；B.preparing准备；C.enjoying享受；D.displaying显示。根据下文“dinner.Midwaythroughtherecipe,I3Iwasoutofsalt.Ijumpedintomycar,and4toaneighborhoodgrocerystore.”可知，做到一半的时候，“我”意识到盐用完了，所以此处为准备晚餐。故答案为B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：做到一半的时候，我意识到盐用完了。A.realized意识到；B.acknowledged承认；C.inferred推断；D.pretended假装。根据下文“Iwasoutofsalt”和“Ijumpedintomycar,and4toaneighborhoodgrocerystore.”可知，“我”跳进车里，来到附近的杂货店，因为“我”意识到盐用完了。故答案为A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跳进车里，开到附近的杂货店。A.walked散步；B.ran跑；C.drove开车；D.cycled骑自行车。根据上文“Ijumpedintomycar”可知，我跳上车，所以“我”开车到附近的一家杂货店。故答案为C。【25题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：除了盐，我还拿了一些额外的东西，向收银台走去。A.handedin上交；B.pickedup拿起，捡起；C.putdown放下；D.wentthrough经历。根据空后“afewextrathingsandheadedforthecheckoutstand”可知，“我”还多拿了几样东西，然后走向收银台。故答案为B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在收银台前，我开了一张12.51美元的支票，店员把我买的东西装进袋子。A.recipe烹饪；B.salt盐；C.cash现金；D.check支票。根据后文“Whynotjustpayforitwithcash?It’sonly35cents.”和“I’drunoutofthehousewithonlyasinglecheckandmydriver’slicense”可知，收银员问“我”为什么不直接用现金支付，我解释说自己只带了一张支票和驾照，说明我开了一张12.51美元的支票，故答案为D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在收银台前，我开了一张12.51美元的支票，店员把我买的东西装进袋子。A.bagged把……装进袋子；B.estimated估算；C.obtained获得；D.purchase购买的东西。根据上文“Alongwiththesalt,I5afewextrathingsandheadedforthecheckoutstand.”可