Unit5IntotheUnknownStartingoutUnderstandingideas课件高中英语选择性

Unit5Period1Startingout&Understandingideas新课导入Somenaturalphenomenaarereallyamazing.Whatnaturalphenomenaareyoufamiliarwith?thunderandlightningtheearthquakethesolareclipsethemirageWatchthevideoandanswerthequestions.1

Whatnaturalphenomenaarementionedinthevideo?2

Howweretheseexplainedinthepast?Whatarethescientificexplanationsbehindthem?1课堂学习Startingout1.Whatnaturalphenomenaarementionedinthevideo?Thenaturalphenomenathatarementionedinthevideoinclude:theearthquake,thesolareclipse,thunderandlightning,andthemirage.2.Howweretheseexplainedinthepast?Whatarethescientificexplanationsbehindthem?Fortheearthquake:NativeAmericansused

tobelievethatearthquakeswerecausedbyastrugglebetweenalargebird,calledthe

Thunderbird,anda

whale.AnancientJapanesebeliefwasthatearthquakeswerecausedby

themovementsofagiantcatfishthatcarriedtheworldonitsback.Scientistsnowknowthatearthquakesareactuallycausedbythemovementoftectonicplates.

Forthesolareclipse:Inmanycultures,therewereancientbeliefsthatsolareclipseswerecausedbyacreatureeatingtheSun.InVietnam,thatcreaturewasagiantfrog,inNorway,a

wolf,andinChina,itwasahugedog.Infact,solareclipseshappenwhentheMoonpassesbetweenEarthandtheSun,temporarilyblockingtheSun’slight.Forthunderandlightning:

InMedievalEurope,peoplethoughtthatsupernaturalforcescausedthunderandlightning.Itwasasignofbadtimesahead.Modernsciencetellsusthatlightningisanelectricchargemovingbetweenclouds,orbetweencloudsandtheearth.Thunderisashockwaveofsoundcausedbylightning.Forthemirage:InAncientChina,peolplebelievedthatthiswasactuallycausedbythebreathofadragon.Thesedays,peopleknowthata“mirage”happenswhenlayersofairwithvaryingtemperaturescauselighttobend.Lookatthepicturesandanswerthequestions.21Whatdoyouknowaboutthesemysteries?2Whatotherunsolvedmysteriesdoyouknowof?3Whichofthesedoyoumostwanttoinvestigate?AtlantisAtlantisisalegendarycity,whichisdescribedintheworkoftheGreekphilosopherPlato.ThestoryofAtlantiswithitsfabulouslywealthyandadvancedcivilisationwhichwassweptintotheseatobelostforeverhascapturedtheimaginationofreadersforovertwomillennia.NazcalinesTheNazcaLinesareacollectionofgiantgeometricpatternsandanimalshapes.DrawnintothelandscapesofsouthernPeru,themajorityofthelinesarebelievedtobetheworkoftheNazcapeoplearound1ADto700.DesignatedaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein1994,numerousstudiesandtheorieshavesofarnotexplainedthereasonwhythelineswerecreated.【背景知识】TunguskaeventTunguskaevent,enormousexplosionthatisestimatedtohaveoccurredat7:14amplusorminusoneminuteon30June1908,atanaltitudeof5-10kilometres,flatteningsome2,000squarekilometresandcharringmorethan100squarekilometresofpineforestnearthePodkamennayaTunguskaRiverinCentralSiberia,Russia.BlackholeA

blackholeisaregionofspace-timeexhibitinggravitationalaccelerationsostrongthatnothing,notevenlight,canescapefromit.1Lookatthepicturesandanswerthequestions.Dofurtherresearchifnecessary.Understandingideas1Whatdoyouknowabouttheseancientcivilisations?2Whatmightbethereasonsbehindtheircollapse?3

Whatotherancientcivilisationsdoyouknowof?Sharewhatyouknowwiththeclass.AncientGreeceAncientBabylonAncientEgypt1.Whatdoyouknowabouttheseancientcivilisations?AncientGreecehasalonghistorywhichwasmadeupofmanyGreekcity-states.TheancientGreeksbelievedingods,goddesses,andmagicalcreatures.TheGreeksbuilttemplestohonortheirgods.Theytoldwonderfulmythsabouttheirgods.AncientBabylonwasamassivewalledcity,andeveryonelivedinsidethewalledcity.

LawsofBabylonwerefamous.Toensurethatthelawswerefollowedbyeveryone,oneofthekingsofBabylonhadthelawswrittendownonstonesothateveryonewouldbetreatedequallyunderthelaw.AncientEgypthadadvancedscienceandtechnologyforthetime.AncientEgyptiansbuiltalotofgrandPyramids,whichwerethetombsoftheirkings.

AncientEgyptiansleftmanyworksofart,whichreflectedthecollectiveeffort.Thecolorsofthepaintingsintherocktombslookedfreshandvivid.2.Whatmightbethereasonsbehindtheircollapse?3.Whatotherancientcivilisationsdoyouknowof?Sharewhatyouknowwiththeclass.Itmightbethewarsthatledtotheircollapse.Theywereconqueredbyotherempires.TheMayanIndianslivedinMexicoforthousandsofyears.TheMayabelievedinmanygods.Theybuiltlargetemplestohonorthem.ReadthepassageandfindoutthepossiblereasonsforthedisappearanceofMayacivilisation.25_________________________________________________________________Somerecentstudieshavefoundthattherewerefarfewertropicalcyclonesthanusualbetween700ADand1000AD.Thisislikelytohaveledtoaseriesofdroughts,eachlastingforacoupleofyears,inchudinga“megadrought”around900AD.ManyscientistsbelievethatthesedroughtswerethemainreasonwhyMayacivilisationbegantocollapseatdifferentratesindifferentplaces.Thesedroughtswouldhaveledtofoodshortages,conflictsand,ultimately,thedownfallofthecities.6Whateverthereasons,Mayacivilisationlargelydisappearedwithinthedeepjungle.Itsoncegreatcitiesfellintoruin,leavingvariousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve.___________________________________________________Nowcheckyourfindings:ThewaythattheMayapeoplechangedthelandscapearoundthemmayhavebeenoneofthereasonsbehindthedisappearanceoftheircivilisation.Turningwetlandsintofieldsforgrowinggrains,digginghugecanalsystemsandcuttingdownmoretreesfor

constructionreducedtheirabilitytocopewithnaturaldisasters.Whenthosenaturaldisasters,suchasdroughts,struck,theMayawouldhavefacedfoodshortages,conflictsand,eventually,thedownfalloftheircities.3aMayacivilisationhasbeensurroundedbymysterysinceitsrediscoveryinthe19thcentury.bButthegreatestmysteryofalliswhatcausedtheMayatoabandonmostoftheirgreatcities.cAlthoughhistheoryhasbeendismissedbyscholars,itshowshowpowerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople.dResearchalsosuggeststhatthosenaturaldisastersmayhaveledtothedeclineoftheMaya.eMeanwhile,theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast,presentandfuture.fSomeresearchseemstoindicatethattheMayapeoplethemselvesmayhaveplayedapartintheirdownfall.1-c2-a3-b4-f5-d6-e

Trytofigureoutthestructureofthepassage.PartsPara.(s)MainideaPart1Part2Part3Part4Part5Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.s4-5Para.6IntroducethetopicTheachievementsofMayacivilizationThedeclineofMayacivilizationThereasonsforthecollapseofMayacivilizationThemysteriesofMayacivilizationremaintobesolved4MAYACIVILISATIONTimeLocationPossiblereasonsforcollapsearound1800BCto1100ADfrom1__________to2_______________1humancauses-reducedtheabilitytodealwith3_________________4___________________________5___________________________hugeexpansionofthe6____________2naturalcauses-aseriesof7__________between700ADand1000AD,each8________________________________.

Mexico

CentralAmerica

naturaldisastersturningwetlandsintofields

digginghugecanalsystems

population

droughts

lastingforacoupleofyears5mathematicscalendarwritingsystemItcanthereforebedifficulttoexplainwhy,despitetheirexcellentconstructionskills,theMayaneverlearnttouse4___________________________________,whiletheancientChinesedid.FactssuchastheseaddtothemysterysurroundingMayacivilisation,drivingpeopletofindoutwhyit5___________whileothers,suchasAncientChina,survivedandthrived.wheels,metaltoolsorevenanimalpowerdisappeared1Whatistheauthor’spurposeinstartingthepassagewiththestoryaboutWilliamGadoury?2Whatotherthingsdoyouthinkcoulddestroyacivilisation?Shareanexamplewiththeclass.3WhatlessonscanyoulearnfromthecollapseofMayacivilisation?Howcanthisinformationhelpthedevelopmentoftoday’ssociety?4Whichoftheargumentsinthepassagedidyoufindthemostconvincing?Giveyourreasons.ThinkShare1.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinstartingthepassagewiththestoryaboutWilliamGadoury?ThestoryaboutWilliamGadouryshowshowthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationhavecapturedpeople’simaginations.2.Whatotherthingsdoyouthinkcoulddestroyacivilisation?Shareanexamplewiththeclass.Maybethewars.AncientGreecewasconqueredbytheRomanEmpire.3.WhatlessonscanyoulearnfromthecollapseofMayacivilisation?Howcanthisinformationhelpthedevelopmentoftoday’ssociety?Wecan’tdestroythebalanceoftheecosystem.Humansshouldliveinharmonywithnature.Onlyifwecarefornaturecanwebetterprotectourlivingenvironment.4.Whichoftheargumentsinthepassagedidyoufindthemostconvincing?Giveyourreasons.Megadrought.Itmightcausefoodshortage,conflictsandthedownfallofthecities.1.IntriguedbyMayacivilisationfromaveryyoungage,15-year-oldCanadianWilliamGadourythoughthehadmadeanincrediblediscoveryfromhisstudyofancientstarcharts.十五岁的加拿大少年威廉.加杜里自幼便对玛雅文明着迷，他认为自己通过研究古老星象图有了惊人发现。Paraphrase:Fifteen-year-oldCanadianWilliamGadourywasfascinatedbyMayacivilisationfromaveryyoungage，andhethoughthehaddiscoveredsomethingamazingwhilestudyingancientstarcharts.本句中的intriguedby是过去分词短语作原因状语，表示“被……所吸引”。e.g.Intriguedbytheheateddebate,hekeptwatchingfortwohours.

他被这场激烈的辩论吸引住了，一直看了两个小时。Languagepoints4.ExtendingsouthfrompartsofwhatwenowknowasMexicointoCentralAmerica,Mayacivilisationhasbeensurroundedbymysterysinceitsrediscoveryinthe19thcentury.玛雅文明从我们现在所知的墨西哥向南延伸到中美洲，自19世纪被重新发现以来，玛雅文明一直被神秘所包围。【词汇拓展】expand(...)into（把……）扩展/发展成……expansionn.扩大；增加；膨胀contract(反义词)vi.收缩【易混辨析】expand指范围、体积的扩大、膨胀；enlarge指面积、体积的扩大extend指长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长spread指物种、疾病、思想、文化等的传播、延伸。

8.ThefactthatMayasocietywastechnologicallyprimitive

makesitsachievementsallthemore

incredibleandmysterious.玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。(1)allthemore更加，愈加（用于强调）e.g.Severalpublishersrejectedherbook,butthatmadeherallthemoredetermined.几家出版商拒绝了她的书，但这让她更加坚定了决心。(2