2021届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解推断类题型讲义含解析

阅读理解推断类题型专题讲义

一、推理判断题的要求及命题方向

推理判断题要求考生在理解原文的基础上，根据文章所阐述的事实结合上下文线索进行

综合分析，然后进行判断，引申或得出合情合理的结论。因此，考生不仅要掌握文章的表层

意思还要理解其深层的内涵，不仅要掌握已言明的观点和倾向，还要获得字里行间的信息。

此题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理、故事的结局、寓意、文章的出处、体裁，

作者的倾向、态度等。考生应找准文中提供的相应的文字信息，特别是关键词语，把握作者

的观点、态度或写作的目的，借助上下文的逻辑关系来判断，并能领悟文字的弦外之音。也

可以借助常识或文化背景来判断。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer,imply,suggest,indicate

等。

二、推理判断题命题的常见方式

1.Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthor.

2.Themainpurposeofthesurveyisto.

3.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

4.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussinthepassagethatfollows?

5.Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphimpliedthat

6.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma.

7.Thewriter'sattitudetoward...is.

8.Thewriterthoughtthat.

9.Accordingtotheauthor.

10.Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom.

11.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?

12.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof_.

13.Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith

14.Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss.

15.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?

16.Howisthepassageorganized?

三、推理判断题的大致分类

1.推断细节隐含意义

2.推断作者观点或态度

3.推断写作目的、意图

4.推断文章出处

5.推断文脉逻辑关系及下文

四、技巧点拨

1.在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。

2.要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础；

3.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一

般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理；

4.要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。

5.注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。

6.不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的，但写作目的通常有以下三种：

(1)toentertainreaders(娱乐读者，让人发笑)常见于故事类的文章。

lomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience

(2)topersuadereaders(说服读者接受某种观点)常见于广告类的文章。

tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience

(3)toinformreaders(告知读者某些信息)多见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类的

文章。

7.文章常见出处：

(1)报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称

(2)广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认

(3)产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知

服用时间、次数、药量等。

五、表达作者态度的常用词

1)objective客观的2)neutral中立的

3)positive积极的4)negative消极的

5)approval赞成的6)disapproval不赞成的

7)indifferent漠不关心的8)ironic讽刺的

9)critical批评的10)optimistic乐观的

11)pessimistic消极的

【例题精讲】

典例1

MynameisAmywholikesyoga,home-decoratingshowsandeatingspoonfulsofpeanut

bufferstraightfromthejar.Ohyeah,andI'maniPhoneaddict.Iwasn'talwaysanaddict.Infact,

formanyyearsItoldmyselfIdidn'twantafancycellphone.However,aboutayearago,Ifound

myselfenviousofallthoseproudiPhoneowners,holdingtheirshinynewphonesandshowing

themofftoalltheirfriends.Eventually1welcomedmynewiPhoneintomylife.Iinstantlyfellin

lovewithit.Ireachedforitinthemorning.Icheckedmye-mailsabout20timesaday.What's

more,tomysurprise,Isuddenlyfoundmyselfwithawholenewcircleoffriends--otheriPhone

owners.

However,IrealizedIhadaproblemwhenonedayIfoundmyselfGoogle-mappingmyway

tomymailbox,whichhappenstoberightoutsidemyfrontdoor.Icouldn'tbelieveIdidn'tseethis

cominginthelastmonth.

OnceIadmittedIhadaproblem,thingsstartedtochange.However,Iquicklyrealizedthat

iPhonesarelikecigarettesandnoteasytoquit.

Whiletakingabustowork.Ireachedintomypursetograbmyphone(tocheckmye-mailfor

onlytheseventhtimethatmorning）.Ifoundherovercomebyfever.ShewassohotthatIdropped

herimmediatelybackintomybagwithbarelyenoughtimetocomprehendthewords“overheating”

and“power・off'thatflasheduponherscreen.When1pickedherupagain,shewasgone.

Iwasinapanic.Icouldn'tcallanyoneforadvice.Icouldn'tGooglewhetherthishad

happenedtoanyfellowiPhoneowners.ThatnightIheadedhomewithanxiety.Butafteracouple

ofhourswithoutanydisturbsfromphonecallsortexts.Ifeltcalmer.AfterafewmorehoursIfelt

likeawholenewwoman.Thenextmorning,Ireadthenewsfromthesimplicityofthenewspaper,

insteadoffrommyiPhone.Ievennoticedthecherryblossoms（樱花）blooming.

ButIstillmademywaytotheAppleStorelaterthatafternoonafteradmittingI'dneeda

phonesoonerorlater.

Halfanhourlater,IfoundmyselfyetagaintheproudownerofanewiPhone.WhenIturned

iton,twodaysworthofmissedtextsfloodedin.Idecidedtoputitintomypurseandenjoythe

ridehome.

Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

A.theauthor'sfirstiPhonebrokedownbecauseshehadusedittoomuch

B.onceyouareaddictedtosomething,ifllbeimpossibleforyoutoquitit

C.aniPhoneisabarriertoyouifyouwanttoenjoyyourlife

D.theauthorboughtanotheriPhonebecauseshecouldaffordit

答案：A

解析：根据文章第四段讲的是手机由于用得比较频繁，发热坏了。故应选A项。

典例2

WeseefewcustomersinLea'sAntiquarianBooksellers,lessthanhalf-dozenadayon

average.Thereisaflurry（紧张）ofactivityinSeptemberwhenthestudentscometobuycopiesof

thenewyear'ssettexts;anotherinMaywhentheybringthembackaftertheexams.Atother

timesoftheyearwecangodayswithoutseeingaclient.Morecommonlyvisitorstotheshopare

peoplewho,havingheardaboutusfromafriendofafriend,andfindingthemselvesnear

Cambridge,havemadearoundaboutway.Theyhaveexpectationontheirfacesastheystepinto

theshop,andnotinfrequentlyapologizefordisturbingus.Theyarenicepeople,asquietandas

friendlyasthebooksthemselves.ButmostlyitisjustFather,meandthebooks.

Howdotheymakeendsmeet?Youmightthink,ifyousawhowfewcustomerscomeandgo.

Butyousee,theshopis,infinancialterms,justasideline.Theproperbusinesstakesplace

elsewhere.Wemakeourlivingonthebasisofperhapshalfadozendealsayear.Thisishowit

works：Fatherknowsalltheworld'sgreatcollectors,andheknowstheworld'sgreatcollections.If

youweretowatchhimattheauctions（拍卖会）orbookfairsthatheattendsfrequently,youwould

noticehowoftenheisapproachedbyquietlyspoken,quietlydressedindividuals,whodrawhim

asideforaquietword.Theireyesareanythingbutquiet.Doesheknowof...theyaskhim,and

Hasheeverheardwhether...Xbookwillbementioned.Fatheranswersvaguely.Itdoesn'tdoto

builduphope.Thesethingsusuallyleadnowhere.Butontheotherhand.ifheweretohear

anything...Andifhedoesn'talreadyhaveit,hemakesanoteoftheperson'saddressinalittle

greennotebook.Thennothinghappensforquitesometime.Butlater-afewmonthsormany

months,thereisnoknowing-atanotherauctionorbookfair,seeingacertainotherperson,hewill

inquire,veryhesitantly,whether...andagainthebookismentioned.Moreoftenthannot,itends

there.Butsometimes,followingtheconversations,theremaybeanexchangeofletters.Father

spendsagreatdealoftimecomposingletters.InFrench,German,Italian,evenoccasionallyLatin.

Ninetimesoutoftentheanswerisapolitetwo-linerefusal.Butsometimes-halfadozentimesa

year-thereplyisthebeginningofajourney.AjourneyinwhichFathercollectsabookhere,and

deliversitthere.Heisrarelygoneformorethanforty,eighthours.Sixtimesayear.Thisisour

livelihood.

Theshopitselfmakesnexttonomoney.Itisaplacetowriteandreceiveletters.Aplaceto

whileawaythehourswaitingforthenextinternationalbookfair.Idon'tpretendrealityisthesame

foreveryone-theshopistheveryheartoftheaffair.Itisastoreofbooks,aplaceofsafetyforall

thevolumes,oncesolovinglywritten,matatpresentnooneseemstowant.

1.Thefactthatcustomersmakeanapologyaftersteppingintotheshopindicatesthat.

A.theyhaveputthebooksellerstosometrouble

B.theyaresuchniceandfriendlypeople

C.thebookshophasfewcustomersandisveryquiet

D.theycometothebookshopwithnointentionofbuyingbooks

2.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Thebookshophasbeenrunninginthered.

B.Thebookshopisagoodplacefortheauthortokilltime.

C.Theauthorandhisfatherhaveadeepaffectionforthebookshop.

D.Theauthor'sfatherpossessesamplecollectionsthatothersneed.

1.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段作者一开始WeseefewcustomersinLea'sAntiquarian

Booksellers,lessthanhalf-dozenadayonaverage.和后面的Theyhaveexpectationontheir

facesastheystepintotheshop,andnotinfrequentlyapologizefordisturbingus.可知作者想

要表达去书店的人非常少。故选C项。

2.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。本文讲的是作者的父亲经营一家书店，但这个书店不是用来谋利的。

从而说明了作者的父亲对这个书店的感情非常深。故选C项。

典例3

FourpeopleinEnglandbackin1953,staredatPhoto51,Itwasn'tmuch-apictureshowing

ablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguringoutwhatthephotoreally

showed-theshapeofDNAThediscoverybroughtfameandfortunetoscientistsJamesWatson,

FrancisCrick,andMauriceWilkins.Thefourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleft

out.

HernamewasRosalindFranklin.^^Sheshouldhavebeenupthere,95sayshistorian（历史学家）

MaryBowden."Ifherphotoshadn'tbeenthere,theotherscouldn'thavecomeupwiththe

structure.^^OnereasonFranklinwasmissingwasthatshehaddiedofcancerfouryearsbeforethe

Nobeldecision.Butnowscholars（学者）doubtthatFranklinwasnotonlyrobbedofherlifeby

diseasebutrobbedofcreditbyhercompetitors

AtCambridgeUniversityinthe1950s,WatsonandClicktriedtomakemodelsbycuttingup

shapesofDNA'spartsandthenputtingthemtogether.Inthemeantime,atKing'sCollegein

London,FranklinandWilkinsshoneX-raysatthemolecule（分子）.Theraysproducedpatterns

reflectiontheshape.

ButWilkinsandFranklin'srelationshipwasalotrockierthanthecelebratedteamworkof

WatsonandCrick,WilkinsthoughtFranklinwashiredtobehisassistant.Butthecollegeactually

employedhertotakeovertheDNAproject.

WhatshedidwasproduceX-raypicturesthattoldWatsonandCrickthatoneoftheirearly

modelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshyaboutsayingso.ThatangeredWatson,whoattacked

herinreturn,"Mereinspectionsuggestedthatshewouldnoteasilybend.Clearlyshehadtotogo

orbeputinherplace.”

AsFranklin'scompetitors,Wilkins,WatsonandCrickhadmuchtogainbycuttingherout

ofthelittlegroupofresearchers,sayshistorianPninaAbir-Am.In1962attheNobelPrize

awardingceremony,Wilkinsthanked13colleaguesbynamebeforehementionedFranklin,

Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingather.Crickwrotein1974that“Franklinwasonlytwosteps

awayfromthesolution.^^

No,Franklinwasthesolution."Shecontributedmorethananyotherplayertosolvingthe

structureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredaco-discoverer,^^Abir-Amsays.Thiswasbackedup

byAaronKlug,whoworkedwithFranklinandlaterwonaNobelPrizehimself.Oncedescribedas

the"DarkLadyofDNA",Franklinisfinallycomingintothelight.

8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.ThedisagreementsamongDNAresearchers.B.TheunfairtreatmentofFranklin.

C.TheprocessofdiscoveringDNA.D.Theracebetweentwoteamsofscientists.

9.WatsonwasangrywithFranklinbecauseshe.

A.tooktheleadinthecompetitionB.keptherresultsfromhim

C.provedsomeofhisfindingswrongD.sharedherdatawithotherscientists

10.WhyisFranklindescribedas“DarkLadyofDNA”？

A.Shedevelopedpicturesindarklabs.B.ShediscoveredtheblackX-theshapeofDNA.

C.Hernamewasforgottenafterherdeath.D.Hercontributionwasunknowntothepublic.

11.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardWilkins,WatsonandCrick?

A.Disapproving.B.Respectful.C.Admiring.D.Doubtful.

【答案】8.B9.C10.DILA

【解析】本文是记叙文。讲述了主人公Franklin对发现DNA的贡献，但却始终不为人所

知的一系列事情。

【8题详解】主旨大意题。本文讲述了主人公Franklin的一系列事情，第一自然段作者提

到"Thefourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleftout.（第四个，是真正制作这

幅图的人，被漏掉了）最后一段也提到"Shecontributedmorethananyotherplayerto

solvingthestructureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredaco-discoverer（她比任何其他玩家对

解决DNA结构的贡献都更大，她必须被认为是一个共同发现者）”由此看出命运对她的不

公，因此推断本文主要讲述富兰克林的不公平待遇，故选B。

[9题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段的“WhatshedidwasproduceX-raypicturesthat

toldWatsonandCrickthatoneoftheirearlymodelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshy

aboutsayingso.ThatangeredWatson（她所做的是制作X光照片，告诉沃森和克里克，他

们的早期模特之一是颠倒的。她羞于说出这些，那让Watson气愤）”可知，Watson生

Franklin的气是因为她证明他的发现中的一些是错误的。故选Co

【10题详解】推理判断题。从文中看出作者多次提及Franklin对发现DNA的贡献，但却

始终不为人所知，由此理解dark,所以称为“DarkLadyofDNA”，故选D。

[11题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第二段内容“AsFranklin^competitors,Wilkins,Watson

andCrickhadmuchtogainbycuttingheroutofthelittlegroupofresearchers,says

historianPninaAbir-Am.In1962attheNobelPrizeawardingceremony,Wilkinsthanked

13colleaguesbynamebeforehementionedFranklin,Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingathen

Crickwrotein1974that“Franklinwasonlytwostepsawayfromthesolution.”（历史学家

PninaAbkAm说，作为富兰克林的竞争对手，威尔金斯、沃森和克里克通过将她排除在少

数研究人员之外，有很多收获。在1962年的诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上，威尔金斯在提到富兰

克林之前，感谢了13位同事，沃森写书嘲笑她。克里克在1974年写道：“富兰克林离解决

方案只有两步之遥）”可推出作者对Wilkins,Watson和Crick是不赞成，故选A。

【巩固练习】

A

OnethinginwhichIthinkItaketoomuchpride,attimes,ismyacademicperformance.In

thepast,Imanagedtogetgradesonexamsthatwereunbelievable,eventomyself,fortheamount

ofstudyingIhaddone.TheexammayhavejusthappenedtoaskthequestionstowhichIknew

theanswers,eventhoughthereweremanypossiblequestionsthatwouldhavestumpedme.

I'vealwaysdonewellinmathematics,butafewtimes,Ihadtostepbackandtakeasecond

lookathowmuchprideIhadinmyability.Uponreceivingthescoreformysecondexamin

MATH170,Iwasratherdisturbed.Myscorewas79%.Ihadplannedtousemymathcoursesto

balancethegradesImightgetinmyEnglishandwritingcourses,sothatscorewasacceptable.It

gotworsestill.InStatisticsandCalculus,Ireceivedfailinggradesonhomeworkassignments.

EverytimeIgotthesebadgrades,Ifeltthesame.IstartedtothinkthatmaybeIreallycouldn'tdo

thesethings.Aftergivinganhonesteffort,however,Ididbetter.

ThethinginwhichIhaven'tenoughprideismyworthasapersonwithwhompeopleliketo

associate.IgiveupopportunitiestosocializebecauseIdon'tthinkanyonewillwanttotalktome.

Becauseofthistraitofmine,Ihaveveryfewfriends.Perhapsspendingthemajorityofmytime

aloneisn'tbad;itiswhatI'musedto,butIbetthatbylivingalifeofpartialseclusion,Imissout

oninterestingandamusinglifeexperiencesthatcouldbebeneficial.

Ihaveillustratedhowtheextremesofpridecanbeharmful.Inmycase,toomuchpridein

academicabilitycanleadtofailinggrades,andnotenoughprideinoneselfasasocialindividual

canleadtoalonelierlife.Amoderateamountofprideleadstoaclearviewoftheagendasoflife,

allowingonetomakegooddecisionsregardingthese.

12.Whydidtheauthorgetgoodgradesinthepast?

A.Becauseofhardwork.B.Becauseofmuchpride.

C.Becauseofgoodluck.D.Becauseofhighintelligence.

13.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterexamfailures?

A.Alittleashamed.B.Lessconfident.

C.Lessdetermined.D.Alittlegrateful.

14.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetospendingmostofhis/hertimealone?

A.Carefree.B.Tolerant.C.Regretful.D.Positive.

15.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Avoidingbeingtooproud.B.Changingthepoorcharacter.

C.Correctingthebadbehaviour.D.Balancingthepridedegree.

【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.D

【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在文中讲述了自己的经历，过于骄傲导致学术成绩

不及格，对社交个体不够自豪导致了更孤独的生活，提出拥有适度的骄傲。

【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Theexammayhavejusthappenedtoaskthe

questionstowhichIknewtheanswers,eventhoughthereweremanypossiblequestionsthat

wouldhavestumpedme.考试可能只是碰巧地问了一些我知道答案的问题，即使有很多可能

会难倒我的问题。可知，因为运气好作者在过去取得了好成绩。故选C项。

[13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Uponreceivingthescoreformysecondexamin

MATH170,Iwasratherdisturbed.当我收到MATH170第二次考试的成绩时，我很不安。

EverytimeIgotthesebadgrades,Ifeltthesame.IstartedtothinkthatmaybeIreally

couldn9tdothesethings.每次我得到这些糟糕的成绩，我都有同样的感觉。我开始想，也许

我真的做不了这些事。可知，考试失败后作者缺乏自信。故选B项。

【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中Perhapsspendingthemajorityofmytimealone

isn'tbad;itiswhatI'musedto,butIbetthatbylivingalifeofpartialseclusion,Imissout

oninterestingandamusinglifeexperiencesthatcouldbebeneficial.也许大部分时间独处并

不糟糕；这是我所习惯的，但我敢打赌，由于过着部分隐居的生活，我错过了可能有益的

有趣的生活经历。可知，作者对大部分时间独处持遗憾的态度。故选C项。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Ihaveillustratedhowtheextremesofpridecanbeharmful.

我已经说明了极端的骄傲是如何有害的。Amoderateamountofprideleadstoaclearviewof

theagendasoflife,allowingonetomakegooddecisionsregardingthese,适度的骄傲会让你

对生活的日程有一个清晰的认识，允许你对这些事情做出正确的决定。可知，作者在文中

讲述了自己的经历，过于骄傲会导致学术成绩不及格，对社交个体不够自豪导致了更孤独

的生活，提出拥有适度的骄傲，因此本文的最佳标题是选项D“平衡骄傲的程度九故选D

项。

Whenarunningeventislongerthan26.2miles,itiscalledanultramarathon.Therearetwo

kindsofultramarathons.Inthefirstkindofultramarathon,runnershavetocoveraspecific

distance——50miles,forexample.Inthesecondkindofultramarathon,runnershavealimited

amountoftime,suchas24hours,tocoverasmuchdistanceastheycan.Someultramarathonsare

runasloopsaroundatrackorcourse.Othersarerunontrailsthroughforests,deserts,or

mountains.Manyultramarathonsthatarerunontrailsincludenaturalobstaclesthatarunnerwill

havetoovercome,suchasrockypathsorbadweather.Ultramarathonsarerunallovertheworld,

evenonAntarctica.ThemostfamousraceacrossAntarcticaiscalledTheLastDesertRace.

Runnerspayover$14,000tocompeteinthisrace.Besides,theymustalsobuyspecialequipment

toprotectthemselvesagainsttheextremecold.

Peoplewhowanttotraintoruninanultramarathonshouldfirstgainexperiencerunning

regularmarathons.Onceyouhavecompletedafewmarathons,youcanaddmoreandmore

distanceeverytimeyourun.

Besidespracticing,thereareafewotherthingsyoucandotohelpyoupreparetorunan

ultramarathon.First,pickalocationthatisclosetohome,whichissaferbecauseyouwillbemore

familiarwiththearea.Next,makesuretobringsnacks,sunscreen,andextrashoes.Youshould

alsoremembertodrinkeightouncesofwaterorasportsdrinkevery15to20minutes.Yourpace

isalsoveryimportant.Whenyouarerunninganultramarathon,youshouldstartrunningmore

slowlythanyoudowhenyourunaregularmarathon.

Finally,manypeoplewhorunultramarathonssaythatitiseasierandmorefuntotrainwith

friendsthanitistotrainalone.Soifyouareinterestedinrunninganullramarathon,youshould

alsotrytogetoneofyourfriendsinterestedinittoo.

4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Toprovidebasicinformationaboutultramarathons.

B.Tohelppeopletraintorunanultramarathon.

C.Tocompareultramarathonstoregularmarathons.

D.Tosharehisorherpersonalexperiencewithultramarathons.

5.WhatmakesTheLastDesertRacesodifficulttocompetein?

I.ItisveryexpensivetotraveltoAntarctica.

II.TheweatherinAntarcticaisverycold.

III.Itismuchlongerthanotherultramarathons.

A.Ionly.B.IandIIonly.C.IIandIIIonly.D.I,II,andIII.

6.Whyisitbettertotrainforanultramarathonwithfriends?

A.Becauseitissafertorunultramarathonwithfriends.

B.BecauseyoucansplitthecostofatriptoAntarcticawithafriend.

C.Becauseyoutypicallytrainharderinthepresenceofothers.

D.Becausefriendsmaketrainingmoreenjoyable.

7.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary.B.Anovel.C.Amagazine.D.Aguidebook.

【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.C

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要给读者介绍了关于超级马拉松的基本信息和训练方法

等。

[4题详解]推理判断题。根据第一段中Whenarunningeventislongerthan26.2miles,itis

calledanuitramarathon.Therearetwokindsofultramarathons.Inthefirstkindof

ultramarathon,runnershavetocoveraspecificdistance_50miles,forexample.Inthe

secondkindofultramarathon,runnershavealimitedamountoftime,suchas24hours,to

coverasmuchdistanceastheycan.当一个赛跑项目的长度超过26.2英里时,它被称为超级

马拉松。超级马拉松有两种。在第一种超级马拉松比赛中，参赛者必须跑完特定的距离——

比如50英里。在第二种超级马拉松中，跑步者的时间是有限的，比如24小时，他们可以

跑尽可能多的距离。可知，第一段的主要目的是提供有关超级马拉松的基本信息。故选A

项。

[5题详解腾8节理解题。根据第一段中ThemostfamousraceacrossAntarcticaiscalledThe

LastDesertRace.Runnerspayover$14,000tocompeteinthisrace.Besides,theymustalso

buyspecialequipmenttoprotectthemselvesagainsttheextremecold.最著名的横穿南极洲

的比赛被称为“最后的沙漠比赛九参加这次比赛的选手要支付超过14,000美元。此外，他

们还必须购买特殊的设备来保护自己不受极端寒冷的影响。可知，去南极洲旅行昂贵的费

用和南极洲寒冷的天气使得，，最后的沙漠比赛”很艰难。故选B项。

(6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中Finally,manypeoplewhorunultramarathonssay

thatitiseasierandmorefuntotrainwithfriendsthanitistotrainalone.最后，许多跑超级

马拉松的人说，和朋友一起训练比一个人训练更容易也更有趣。可知，和朋友一起训练超

级马拉松会更好，因为有了朋友，训练就更有趣了。故选D项。

[7题详解]推理判断题。根据第一段中Whenarunningeventislongerthan26.2miles,itis

calledanuitramarathon.Therearetwokindsofultramarathons.当一个赛跑项目的长度超过

26.2英里时，它被称为超级马拉松。超级马拉松有两种。第二段中Peoplewhowanttotrain

toruninanultraniarathonshouldfirstgainexperiencerunningregularmarathons.想要参

加超级马拉松的人首先应该获得跑马拉松的经验。以及第三段中Besidespracticing,there

areafewotherthingsyoucandotohelpyoupreparetorunanultramarathon.除了练习，

你还可以做一些其他的事情来帮助你为跑超级马拉松做准备。可知，本文主要是介绍了关

于超级马拉松的基本信息和训练方法等给读者，因此这篇文章最有可能出自一本杂志上。

故选C项。

C

PaswanandhisteendaughterJyotiKumarirecentlycompletedthe750-milejourneyfrom

theirformerapartmentontheoutskirtsofNewDehliallthewaytotheirhomevillage.What's

remarkableisthattheyrodetheentiredistanceonabicycletheypurchasedwiththeirlast$20,

withJyotipedaling（"却蹬）asherfatherrodeontheseatwithhisheavybag.

Thestoryoftheirdeterminationhasinspiredmillionsofmigrantworkersacrossthecountry,

wherethenovelcoronaviruslockdownshasresultedinsevereworkshortages.Manyofthese

laborershaveneededtotakesimilarjourneysfrommajorcitiesbacktotheirhomevillageswhere

theycanbesupportedbytheirfamily-butfinancialproblemshaveleftmanyofthemstranded（使

搁浅）andwonderingwhat'snext.

ThingshadnotbeengoingwellforPaswan,evenbeforethepandemic（大流行病）.InJanuary,

hewasinvolvedinatrafficaccidentwhileworkingasarickshawdriver.Hisdaughter,whohad

droppedoutofschoolayearearlierbecauseofthefamily'sfinancialtroubles,decidedtomakethe

triptoNewDehlitocareforherinjuredfather.WhenthelockdownhitandPaswanwasunableto

earnaliving,theirlandlordcutofftheirelectricityandthreatenedtokickthemoutoftheir

apartment.ItwasthenthatJyotisuggestedthattheyheadhometotheirvillageinBihar.

Jyotihadcycledalotintheirvilage,andtheyhadjustenoughmoneytopurchaseabicycle.

Sheinsistedthatshewouldgetherdadhomesafely.

Thatbeingsaid,itwasnotabewitchingjourneyforJyotiandPaswan-theyoftenfound

themselveswithoutenoughtoeat;theysleptatgasstations,andoftenreliedonthegenerosityof

strangers.Thepairtravelednearly100milesperday.Onborrowedcellphones,Jyotiwould

reassureherworriedmother:nDon*tworry,I'llgetPapahomegood.^^

Truetoherword,Jyotiandherfathermadeithome.Additionally,sincetheIndianmediahas

dubbed（把..称为）her“Jyotithelionheartedn,theteenagegirlhasbeencontactedbyOnkar

Singh,thechairmanoftheCyclingFederationofIndia,urginghertotryoutforthenationalteam.

4.WhatcausedPaswanandhisdaughtertodecidetogohome?

A.Theworseningsituation.B.Theterribletrafficaccident.

C.Theexpectationfromfamily.D.Thedesiretotravelbybicycle.

5.Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?

A.PaswanandJyotiwouldcontinuetopaythelandlord.

B.PaswanandJyotilivedagoodlifebeforethepandemic.

C.Paswanfailedtoearnalivingduetothetrafficaccident.

D.PaswanandJyotihadnochoicebuttoleaveNewDehli.

6.WhichofthefollowingcanexplaintheunderlinedwordinParagaph5?

A.Tough.B.Smooth.C.Unforgettable.D.Meaningful.

7.WhatmightJyotidoaftershegotherdadhome?

A.ShemightgobacktoNewDehlitoearnaliving.

B.Shemightcheckifshehasthepotentialforcycling.

C.ShemightinviteOnkarSinghtobeherprivatecoach.

D.Shemightcomplaintothemediaaboutthenewname.

【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.B

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Paswan和他的女儿Jyoti骑行了750英里回家

的故事，他们的事迹激励了很多人。

[4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“WhenthelockdownhitandPaswanwasunable

toearnaliving,theirlandlordcutofftheirelectricityandthreatenedtokickthemoutof

theirapartment.ItwasthenthatJyotisuggestedthattheyheadhometotheirvillagein

Bihar.”（当封锁发生时，帕斯万无法维持生计，他们的房东切断了他们的电，并威胁要把

他们赶出公寓。就在那时，乔蒂建议他们回到比哈尔邦的老家去。）可知，房东让他们离开

的威胁让他们处于更加艰难的处境，使他们决定回家。故选A。

[5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“WhenthelockdownhitandPaswanwasunable

toearnaliving,theirlandlordcutofftheirelectricityandthreatenedtokickthemoutof

theirapartment.ItwasthenthatJyotisuggestedthattheyheadhometotheirvillagein

Bihar"（当封锁发生时，帕斯万无法维持生计