2011年上海高考英语真题试卷（word含听力原文）

绝密★启用前2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）考生注意：考试时间120分钟,试卷满分150分。本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第=1\*ROMANI卷（第1－12页）和第=2\*ROMANII卷（第13页），全卷共13页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。第I卷(105分)I.ListeningprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA;youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Atatrainstation. B.Atanairport.C.Atatravelagency. D.Atabusstation.A.$5. B.$10. C.$15. D.$50.A.Receptionistandguest. B.Salespersonandcustomer.C.Doctorandpatient. D.Waiteranddiner.A.Excited. B.Dissatisfied.C.Bored. D.Exhausted.A.Herhairhaschanged. B.Sheisn’tsatisfiedwithherhairstyle.C.Shepreferstowearlonghair. D.Themanhaschangedhishairstyle.A.ItistooearlytowatchtheTalentShow. B.Hewillgotobedinfiveminutes.C.HewouldratherwatchTVthangotobed. D.Heisoldenoughtostayup.A.Shehasgoteverythingready. B.Sheneverhesitatesoverwhattotake.C.Shehatespackingbyherself. D.Sheneedsmoretimeforpacking.A.TheyshouldwaitforJohnforawhile. B.Theyshouldstayhereforthenight.C.Theyshouldstartthemeetingrightaway. D.TheyshouldcallJohnatonce.A.Sheisunwillingtomoveintoanewflat. B.Herneighborsgetalongwellwithher.C.Shecan’ttellthemanwhysheismoving. D.HerneighborsusuallyplaytheirTVloud.A.Askfordirections. B.Tryadifferentroute.C.Gobackforthemap. D.Canceltheirtrip.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedtoquestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbetheblestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Apoliticalsystem. B.Religion.C.Workinglanguage. D.Race.A.Discusscurrentissues. B.Joininawritingpetition.C.Attendanartsandcraftspetition. D.Celebratetheirfriendship.A.ThemonwealthGames. B.Animportantholiday.C.Themonwealthmembers. D.Aninternationalassociation.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingnews.A.Equippingstudentswithknowledge. B.Qualifyingstudentsforcertainjobs.C.Developingstudents’habitsofmind. D.Helpingstudentstogotograduateschool.A.Theabilitytohavecriticalanalysis. B.Creativeuseofleisuretime.C.Logicaluseofinformation. D.Willingnesstoacceptuncertainty.A.Goalstoreachinacollegeeducation. B.Rolesofknowledgeinstudents’growth.C.Qualificationsneededforajob. D.Importanceofafterclassactivities.SectionCDirections:InSectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.pletetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.plaintFormCaller:MaryWhitePhoneNo.:17.LocationofProblem:A18restaurant,449ShanghaiStreetDetails:Itdumpsits19onthestreet.Itdoesn’tputbottlesandcansin20bins.Blanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.pletetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Howlongdoesshortmemorylast?Itlastsonly21.Whatisanexampleofmediumtermmemory?Buyingbread,asortof22ofthingstodo.Whatislongtermmemoryconcernedwith?23thathappeninyourlifesuchasyourwedding.Howislongtermmemorydifferentfromtheothers?It24.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestpletesthesentence.Graduationisagoodtimetothankthosewhohavehelpedyou______thetoughyears.A.through B.up C.with D.fromTostayawake,hefinishedacupofcoffeeandordered______.A.theother B.other C.theothers D.anotherIt’snouse______withouttakingaction.A.plain B.plaining C.beingplained D.tobeplainedI______worryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeites.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.daren’t D.needn’tWhenMomlookedbackontheearlydaysoftheirmarriage,shewonderedhowtheyhadmanagedwith______money.A.sofew B.suchfew C.solittle D.suchlittleItdoesn’tmatteriftheywanttoetoyourparty,______?A.doesn’tit B.doesit C.don’tthey D.dotheyAftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteam______fourdayslater.A.rescued B.wasrescued C.hasrescued D.hadbeenrescuedTherarefish,______fromthecookingpot,hasbeenreturnedtothesea.A.saved B.saving C.tobesaved D.havingsavedAtonepointImadeupmymindtotalktoUncleSam.ThenIchangedmymind,______thathecoulddonothingtohelp.A.torealize B.realized C.realizing D.beingrealizedDidyoupredictthatmanystudents______upforthedancepetition?A.wouldsign B.signed C.havesigned D.hadsignedThereisclearevidence______themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain.A.what B.if C.how D.thatIfalotofpeoplesayafilmisnotgood,Iwon’tbothertoseeit,orI’llwait______itesoutonDVD.A.whether B.after C.though D.untilThepoliceofficersinourcityworkhard______therestofuscanliveasafelife.A.incase B.asif C.inorderthat D.onlyifThemessageyouintendtoconveythroughwordsmaybetheexactoppositeof______othersactuallyunderstand.A.why B.that C.which D.whatYou’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation______youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.which B.where C.when D.asTodaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…butweseem______theartofmunicatingfacetoface.A.losing B.tobelosing C.tobelost D.havinglostSectionBDirections:pletethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.launched B.unpleasant C.applying D.technicallyE.impactF.coating G.fixed H.miraculously I.superiorJ.advancesHowwouldyouliketowearthesameunderwear(内衣裤)forweeks?Owingtotheworkthathasgoneintodevelopingintelligentmaterials,thismaynotbeas41asitsounds.Selfcleaningclotheshavenowbeencreated,andthesenewmaterialsprovide42resistancetodirtaswellaswater.Asaresult,theyrequiremuchlesscleaningthantraditionalmaterials.Thecreationofselfcleaningclothesprovidesanexampleofhownaturehelpsscientistsdevelopbetterproducts.Thisselfcleaningnatureisknownasthe“lotuseffect”.Thenamees,ofcourse,fromthelotusleaves,whicharefamousforgrowinginmuddylakesandriverswhileremainingalmost43clean.Byobservingnature,scientistsare44thequalitiesofthelotusleavestothematerialstheyhaveengineered.Becauseofthis,someremarkablenewproductshavebeen45.Amongthemarespecialwindowsthatareresistanttodirtandwater.Aspecial46onthesewindowsnotonlypreventsdirtfromstickingtotheirsurfaces,butalsoallowsdusttobeeasilywashedoffbytherain.Infact,thesenewwindowshavealreadybeen47tosomecars.Evenwhentravelingathighspeedthroughrain,thesecarsneverhavetousetheirwindshieldwipers(雨刮器).Althoughwehavealreadyseensomepracticalapplications,evenmoredramatic48willbemadeinthefuture,andtheywill,perhaps,changeourworldpletely.Undoubtedly,technologyisanimportantdevelopment,anditwillhaveanevenbigger49onourlives.III.ReadingprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Everyoneinbusinesshasbeentoldthatsuccessisallaboutattractingandretaining(留住)customers.Itsoundssimpleandachievable.But,50,wordsofwisdomaresoonforgotten.Oncepanieshaveattractedcustomerstheyoften51thesecondhalfofthestory.Intheexcitementofbeatingoffthepetition,negotiatingprices,securingorders,anddeliveringtheproduct,managerstendtobeecarriedaway.Theyforgetwhattheyregardastheboringsideofbusiness—52thatthecustomerremainsacustomer.53toconcentrateonretainingaswellasattractingcustomerscostsbusinesshugeamountsofmoneyannually.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheaveragepanylosesbetween10and30percentofitscustomerseveryyears.Inconstantlychanging54,thisisnotsurprising.Whatissurprisingisthefactthatfewpanieshaveanyideahowmanycustomerstheyhavelost.Onlynowareorganizationsbeginningtowakeuptothoselostopportunitiesandcalculatethe55implications.Cuttingdownthenumberofcustomersapanylosescanmakeabig56initsperformance.ResearchintheUSfoundthatafivepercentdecreaseinthenumberofdefecting(流失的)customersledto57IntheUS,Domino’sPizzaestimatesthataregularcustomerisworthmorethan$5,000overtenyears.Acustomerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorserviceontheirfirstvisitand58neverreturns,islosingthepanythousandsofdollarsin59profits(moreifyouconsiderhowmanypeopletheyarelikelytotellabouttheirbadexperience).Thelogicbehindcultivatingcustomer60isimpossibletodeny.“Inpracticemostpanies’marketingeffortisfocusedongettingcustomers,withlittleattentionpaidto61them”,saysAdrianPayneofCornfieldUniversity’SchoolofManagement.“Researchsuggeststhatthereisacloserelationshipbetweenretainingcustomersandmakingprofits.62customerstendtobuymore,arepredictableandusuallycostlesstoservicethannewcustomers.Furthermore,theytendtobelessprice63,andmayprovidefreewordofmouthadvertising.Retainingcustomersalsomakesit64forpetitorstoenteramarketorincreasetheirshareofamarket.A.inparticular B.inreality C.atleast D.firstofallA.emphasize B.doubt C.overlook D.believeA.denying B.ensuring C.arguing D.provingA.Moving B.Hoping C.Starting D.FailingA.markets B.tastes C.prices D.expensesA.culture B.social C.financial D.economicalA.promise B.plan C.mistake D.differenceA.cost B.opportunity C.profit D.budgetA.asaresult B.onthewhole C.inconclusion D.onthecontraryA.huge B.potential C.extra D.reasonableA.beliefs B.loyalty C.habits D.interestA.altering B.understanding C.keeping D.attractingA.Assumed B.Respected C.Established D.UnexpectedA.agreeable B.flexible C.friendly D.sensitiveA.unfair B.difficult C.essential D.convenientSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.ATheteacherwhodidthemosttoencouragemewas,asithappened,myaunt.ShewasMyrtleC.Manigault,thewifeofmymother’sbrotherBill.ShetaughtinsecondgradeatallblackSummerSchoolinCamden,NewJersey.Duringmychildhoodandyouth,AuntMyrtleencouragedmetodevelopeveryaspectofmypotential,withoutregardforwhatwasconsideredpracticalorpossibleforblackfemales.Ilikedtosing;shelistenedtomyvoiceandpronounceditgood.Icouldn’tdance;shetaughtmethebasicdancingsteps.Shetookmetothetheatrenotjustchildren’stheatrebutadultediesanddramas—andherfaiththatIcouldappreciateadultplayswasnotdisappointed.Myauntalsotookdownbooksfromherextensivelibraryandsharedthemwithme.Ihadbooksathome,buttheywereallseriousclassics.EvenasachildIhadastronglikingforhumor,andI’llneverforgetthejoyofdiscoveringDonMarquis’sArchy&Mehitabelthroughher.Mostimportant,perhaps,AuntMyrtleprovidedmyfirstopportunitytowriteforpublication.Awriterherselfforoneoftheblacknewspapers,shesuggestedmynametotheeditorasa“youthcolumnist”.Mycolumn,begunwhenIwasfourteen,wassupposedtocoverteenagesocialactivities—anditdid—butitalsogavemethefreedomtowriteonmanyothersubjectsaswellasthehabitofgatheringmaterial,thedisciplineofmeetingdeadlines,and,aftergraduationfromcollegesixyearslater,asolidcollectionofpublishedmaterialthatcarriedmynameandwasmypassporttoaseriesofwritingjobs.TodayAuntMyrtleisstillanenthusiasticsupporterofher“favouriteniece”.Likeadiamond,shehasreflectedabright,multifaceted(多面的)imageofpossibilitiestoeverypupilwhohascrossedherpath.WhichofthefollowingdidAuntMyrtledototheauthorduringherchildhoodandyouth?A.Shelenthersomeseriousclassics. B.Shecultivatedhertasteformusic.C.Shediscoveredhertalentfordancing. D.Sheintroducedhertoadultplays.WhatdoesArchyandMehitabelinParagraph3probablyreferto?A.Abookofgreatfun. B.Awriterofhighfame.C.Aseriousmasterpiece. D.Aheartbreakingplay.AuntMyrtleremendedtheauthortoanewspapereditormainlyto______.A.develophercapabilitiesforwriting B.giveherachancetocollectmaterialC.involveherinteenagesocialactivities D.offerheraseriesofwritingjobsWecanconcludefromthepassagethatAuntMyrtlewasateacherwho______.A.trainedpupilstobediligentandwelldisciplinedB.gavepupilsconfidenceinexploitingtheirpotentialC.emphasizedwhatwaspracticalorpossibleforpupils.D.helpedpupilsoveredifficultiesinlearningBHumpbackwhalesHumpbackwhalesaresometimescalledperformersoftheocean.Thisisbecausetheycanmakeimpressivemovementswhentheydive.Thename“humpback”,whichisthemonnameforthiswhale,referstothetypicalcurveshapethewhale’sbackformsasitdives.Sometimesthehumpbackwilldivewithafantasticmovement,knownasabreach.Duringbreachingthewhaleusesitspowerfultailflukestoliftnearlytwothirdsofitsbodyoutofthewaterinagiantleap.Abreachmightalsoincludeasidewaystwistwithfinsstretchedoutlikewings,asthewhalereachestheheightofthebreach.Ahumpbackwhalebreathesairatthesurfaceofthewaterthroughtwoblowholeswhicharelocatednearthetopofthehead.Itblowsadoublestreamofwaterthatcanriseupto4metersabovethewater.Thehumpbackhasasmalldorsalfinlocatedtowardsthetailflukesabouttwothirdsofthewaydownitsback.Otherdistinguishingfeaturesincludelargepectoralfins,whichmaybeuptoathirdofthebodylength,anduniqueblackandwhitespotsontheundersideofthetailflukes.Thesemarkingsarelikefingerprints:notwoarethesame.Humpbackwhalesliveinlargegroups.Theymunicatewitheachotherthroughplex“songs”.QuickFactsSize:14m~18minlength30~50tonsinweightLivingOpenoceanandshallowcoastlinewatersEnvironment:Fromwarmtropical(热带的)waters,wheretheybreed,tocoldpolarwaters,wheretheyeat.Diet:Shellfish,plantsandfishofsmallsizeHunting:Sometimesingroups,inwhichseveralwhalesformacircleunderthewater,blowingbubblesthatforma“net”aroundaschooloffish.Thefisharethenforceduptothesurfaceinaconcentratedmass.Currentstate:endangered;itisestimatedthatthereareabout5000~7000humpbackwhalesworldwide.AccordingtoQuickFacts,ahumpbackwhale______.A.cannotsurviveinwatersneartheshore B.doesn’tliveinthesamewatersallthetimeC.livesmainlyonunderwaterplants D.preferstoworkalonewhenhuntingfoodTomakeabreach,ahumpbackwhalemust______.A.useitstailflukestoleapoutofthewater B.twistitsbodysidewaystojumphigh.C.blowtwostreamsofwater D.municatewithagroupofhumpbacks.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatahumpbackwhale______.A.hasitsuniquemarkingsonittailflukes B.hasblackandwhitefingerprintsC.getsitsnamefromthewayithunts D.isagreatperformerduetoitssongsCHumanremainsofancientsettlementswillbereburiedandlosttoscienceunderalawthatthreatensresearchintothehistoryofhumansinBritain,agroupofleadingarcheologists(考古学家)says.Inaletteraddressedtothejusticesecretary,KenClarke,40archaeologistswriteoftheir“deepandwidespreadconcern”abouttheissue.ItcentersonthelawintroducedbytheMinistryofJusticein2008whichrequiresallhumanremainsunearthedinEnglandandWalestobereburiedwithintwoyears,regardlessoftheirage.Thedecisionmeansscientistshavetoolittletimetostudybonesandotherhumanremainsofnationalandculturalsignificance.“Yourcurrentrequirementthatallarchaeologicallyunearthedhumanremainsshouldbereburied,whetherafterastandardperiodoftwoyearsorafurtherspecialextension,iscontrarytobasicprinciplesofarchaeologicalandscientificresearchandofmuseumpractice,”theywrite.Thelawappliestoanypiecesofboneuncoveredataround400digsites,includingtheremainsof60orsobodiesfoundatStonehengein2008thatdatebackto3,000BC.Archaeologistshavebeengrantedatemporaryextensiontogivethemmoretime,buteventualllytheboneswillhavetobereturnedtotheground.ThearrangementsmayresultinthewasteoffuturediscoveriesatsitessuchasHappisburghinNorfolk,wherediggingiscontinuingafterthediscoveryofstonetoolsmadebyearlyhumans950,000yearsago.IfhumanremainswerefoundatHappisburgh,theywouldbetheoldestinnorthernEuropeandthefirstindicationofwhatthisspecieswas.Underthecurrentpracticeofthelawthoseremainswouldhavetobereburiedandeffectivelydestroyed.Before2008,guidelinesallowedfortheproperpreservationandstudyofbonesofsufficientageandhistoricalinterest,whiletheBurialAct1857appliedtomorerecentremains.TheMinistryofJusticeassuredarchaeologiststwoyearsagothatthelawwastemporary,buthassofarfailedtoreviseit.MikeParkerPearson,anarchaeologistatSheffieldUniversity,said:“Archaeologistshavebeenextremelypatientbecausewewereledtobelievetheministrywassortingoutthisproblem,butwefeelthatwecannotwaitanylonger.”Theministryhasnoguidelinesonwhereorhowremainsshouldbereburied,oronwhatrecordsshouldbekept.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsareunhappywiththelawmainlybecause______.A.itisonlyatemporarymeasureonthehumanremainsB.itisunreasonableandthusdestructivetoscientificresearchC.itwasintroducedbythegovernmentwithouttheirknowledgeD.itisvagueaboutwhereandhowtoreburyhumanremainsWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Temporaryextensionoftwoyearswillguaranteescientistsenoughtime.B.HumanremainsoftheoldestspeciesweredugoutatHappisburgh.C.Humanremainswillhavetobereburieddespitetheextensionoftime.D.Scientistshavebeenwarnedthatthelawcanhardlybechanged.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheBritishlawgoverninghumanremains?A.TheMinistryofJusticedidnotintendittoprotecthumanremains.B.TheBurialAct1857onlyappliedtoremainsuncoveredbefore1857.C.Thelawonhumanremainshasn’tchangedinrecentdecades.D.TheMinistryofJusticehasnotdoneenoughaboutthelaw.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Newdiscoveriesshouldbereburied,thegovernmentdemands.B.Researchtimeshouldbeextended,scientistsrequire.C.Lawonhumanremainsneedsthoroughdiscussion,authoritiessay.D.Lawcouldburyancientsecretsforever,archeologistswarn.SectionCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromAFforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.A.ManufacturingindustryininformationeconomyB.NewsintheageofinformationC.ArgumentaboutindividualaccountsandtheirreliabilityD.BeyourowninvestigativejournalistE.Don’tbelieveeverythingyoureadinthenewspapers.F.Informationispresentedinanentertainingway.______ Withthearrivaloftheageof“informationeconomy”,intellectualworkisbeingamoreimportantsourceofwealththanmanufacturing.Organizationsinallwalksoflifearedoingmoretospreadtheirinformation.SopeopleofthePublicRelationsarehiredtospeakforthem.Alotofournewsisactuallycollectedfrompressreleasesandreportsofeventsintentionallystagedforjournalists.Intheinformationage,journalistsspendtheirtime,notinvestigating,butpassingonthewordsofaspokesperson.______ ThereisajokeinthenovelScoopaboutthenewspaper’sowner,LordCopper.Theeditorscanneverdisagreewithhim.Whenhe’srightaboutsomethingtheyanswer“definitely”,andwhenhe’swrongtheysay“tosomeextent,LordCopper.”Itseemsreasonabletosupposethat,intherealworld,theopinionsofsuchpowerfulpeoplestillinfluencethejournalistsandeditorswhoworkforthem.______ Incountrieswherethenewsisnotofficiallycontrolled,itmaybeprovidedbymercialorganizationswhodependonadvertising.Thenewshastoattractviewersandmaintainitsaudienceratings.Isuspectthatsomestoriesgetairtimejustbecausetherehappentobeexcitingpicturestoshow.InBritain,wehavethetabloidnewspaperswhichmillionsofpeoplereadsimplyforentertainment.Thereisprogressivelylessroomforhistoricalbackground,orstatistics,whicharehardertopresentasasensationalstory.______ Thereisanargumentthatwithspreadingaccesstotheinternetandcheaptechnologyforrecordingsoundandimageswewillallbeabletofindexactlytheinformationwewant.Peoplearoundtheworldwillbeabletopublishtheirowneyewitnessaccountsandpetewiththewidelyacceptednewsgatherersonequalterms.Butwhatitwillmeanalsoisthatwe’llbesubjectedtoastillgreateramountofnonsenseandlies.Anyweblogmaycontainthelatestinformationoftheyear,orequally,amadeupstorythatyouwillneverbeabletocheck.______ Maybethetimehasetodosomethingaboutit,andIdon’tjustmeanchangingyourchoiceofTVchannelornewspaper.Inaworldwhereeveryonewantsyoutolistentotheirversion,youonlyhavetwochoices:switchoffaltogetherorstartlookingforsourcesyoucantrust.Theinvestigativejournalistofthefutureiseveryonewhowantstoknowthetruth.SectionDDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorpletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Sociologistshavelongrecognisedthatorganisationsoflessthan200individualscanoperatethroughthefreeflowofinformationamongthemembers.Oncetheirsizegoesbeyondthisfigure,theorganizationsaregettinglessflexible.Soitseemsnecessarytopreventtotaldisorderresultingfromfailuresofmunication.Onesolutiontothisproblemwould,ofcourse,betostructurelargeorganisationsintosmallerunitsofasizethatcanactasagroup.Byallowingthesegroupstobuildrelianceoneachother,largerorganizationscanbebuiltup.However,merelyhavinggroupsof,say,150willneverofitselfbeapletesolutiontotheproblemsoftheorganization.Somethingelseisneeded:thepeopleinvolvedmustbeabletobuilddirectpersonalrelationships.Toallowfreeflowofinformation,theyhavetobeabletomunicatewitheachotherinacasualway.Maintainingtooformalastructureofrelationshipsinevitablypreventsthewayasystemworks.TheimportanceofthiswasdrawntomyattentiontwoyearsagobythecaseofaTVstation.Whetherbychanceorbydesign,itsohappenedthattherewerealmostexactly150peopleinthestation.Thewholeprocessworkedverysmoothlyasanorganizationformanyyearsuntiltheyweremovedintopurposebuiltacmodation.Then,fornoapparentreason,theworkseemedtobemoredifficulttodo,nottosaylesssatisfying.Itwassometimebeforetheyworkoutwhattheproblemwas.Itturnoutthat,whenthearchitectsweredesigningthenewbuilding,theydecidedthatthecoffeeroomwhereeveryoneatetheirsandwichesatlunchtimeswasanunnecessaryluxuryandsodidawaywithit.Andwiththat,theyaccidentallydestroyedtheclosesocialnetworksthatstrengthenedthewholeorganization.Whathadapparentlybeenhappeningwasthat,aspeoplegatheredinformallyovertheirsandwichesinthecoffeeroom,usefulinformationwascasuallybeingexchanged.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorpletethestatementsinNOMORETHANEIGHTWORDS.)Whatsizeofanorganizationmayleadtomunicationfailures?Whatarethetwosolutionstothemunicationproblemwithinalargeorganization?AftertheTVstationmovedintonewacmodation,itsoperation___________________________.FromthecaseoftheTVstation,wecanconcludeitis____________________________________thatmake(s)anorganizationmoresuccessful.第Ⅱ卷(共45分)I.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.你为什么不在网上订票?(Why)我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。(mistake)对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。(pare)自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。(Nolonger)如果能找到任何适合你的学习方法，你的学习效率就可能明显提高。(whatever)II.GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishpositionin120—150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假如你是启明中学（MingQiMiddleSchool）的李明，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。根据以下启事，写一封申请信（信中不能提到真实姓