浙江省宁波市三锋联盟2022-2023学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题

2022学年第一学期宁波三锋教研联盟期中联考高二年级英语学科试题考生须知：1.本卷共10页满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。3.所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。4.考试结束后，只需上交答题纸。选择题部分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthespeakersdofirstafterwork?A.Gohome.B.Eatdowntown.C.Gototheconcert.2.Whendoesthewomanleavehomeeveryday?A.At6:30am.B.At6:45am.C.At7:00am.3.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?AInabedroom.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inamuseum.4.WhydoesthewomanrememberJamessowell?A.Hehadafunnyface.B.Hewaslateforschoolonthefirstday.C.Hewasthefirstpersonshemetatschool.5.Whatdidthewomanthinkofthemovie?A.Itwashardtounderstand.B.Itdidn’tarouseherinterest.C.Itseemedtobequitepopular.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Bossandemployee.C.Doctorandpatient.7.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Restforsometime.B.Gohomerightnow.C.Returntoworksoon.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inacafe.B.Inalibrary.C.Inaclassroom.9.Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutthesummerschool?A.Thesizeoftheclass.B.Themathbook.C.Theteachers.10.Whereisthemanplanningtogo?A.ToBoston.B.ToNewYork.C.ToWashingtonD.C.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthelivingexpensesinthecity?A.Fairlylow.B.JustokayC.Veryhigh.12.Whatdoesthewomanspendmoston?A.Clothes.B.Trains.C.Food.13.Whatwillthewomanprobablydoonweekends?A.Gotoclubs.B.Watchmoviesathome.C.Haveadrinkwithfriends.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whenwillthemantaketheflight?A.OnMonday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnFriday.15.Whatistheman?A.Astudent.B.Apilot.C.Abusinessman.16.Howmuchdoesthemanpayintotal?A.300pounds.B.253.5pounds.C.240pounds.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WheredoesMiddendorfgetgroceries?A.Awebsite.B.Hismunity.C.Adistributionsite.18Whoarethemajorityoffoodreceivers?A.Anyoneinneed.B.Oldpeopleover65.C.Peoplewithoutjobs.19.Whatdoweknowabouttheorganization?A.Itisanonlinewebsite.B.Itwassetupin2019.C.Ithas50,000volunteers.20.Whatisthepointofthefooddeliveries?A.Bringingpeoplehope.B.Gettingpeopletogether.C.Offeringjobstopeople.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AInventionsbornoutofloveGarbageDisposersJohnW.Hammes,anarchitectfromWisconsin,createdtheInSinkEratorin1935.Hammesgottheideaafterwatchinghiswifespendtimewrappingfoodinnewspaperandthrowingitout.TheInSinkEratorisadevice,installedunderakitchensinkbetweenthesink’sdrainandthetrap.Thedisposalunittearsfoodwasteintopiecessmallenoughgenerallylessthan2mmindiameter—topassthroughtheplumbing.SurgicalGlovesWilliamStewartHalsted,M.D.(18521922)wasawellknownUSsurgeonwhoisoftencalledthe“FatherofModernSurgery”.Knownforhisstrictadherencetosterile(无菌的)workingconditions.Halstedinventedrubberglovesthatallowedhiscolleaguestolessenthetransferofgermsduringtheirwork.Yettheinitialreasonwhyhecreatedthemismoreromanticthanyouwouldthink.KnowingCaroline,anurse,sufferedfromaskindiseaseduringherwork,Halstedinventedtheglovesespeciallyforherandgavethemtoherasagiftaftertheirmarriage.BandAidsWhenJosephineKnightDicksonfromNewJerseykeptcuttingherselfwhilecookingforherfamilyinthe1920s,herhusband,EarleDickson,steppedin.Dickson,acottonbuyerforJohnson&Johnson,accordingtothepany’swebsite,decidedtoinventatemporaryadhesivebandageforhiswife.HiscreationbecametheBandAidweallknowandusetoday.Magnetic(磁性的)ShirtButtonsMauraHorton’shusband,Don,wasafootballcoachwhohadParkinson’sdisease.Oneday,afterDonstruggledtobuttonhisshirtbeforeagame,Hortondecidedthereneededtobeabetterclothingoptionforpeoplesufferingfromadisability.So,Hortondesignedashirtwithmagneticbuttonsin2012.Thesebuttonswillfinallyalloweveryonetodressandundressthemselvesefficiently.1.What’sthefunctionoftheInSinkErator?A.Itcanclearsinkpipes. B.Itcanrecyclekitchenwaste.C.Itcanextendtheservicelifeofkitchensinks. D.Itcanremovefoodwasteeasily.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutWilliam’ssurgicalgloves?A.TheymadeWilliamknownworldwide.B.Theyassistedinthetreatmentofskindiseases.C.TheywereinventedwiththeaidofWilliam’scolleagues.D.TheywereoriginallyintendedforWilliam’swife.3.Whichofthefollowingisthelatestinvention?A.Magneticshirtbuttons. B.Surgicalgloves.C.TheInSinkErator. D.BandAids.【答案】1.D2.D3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种发明，这四种发明都是源于发明人对伴侣的爱。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thedisposalunittearsfoodwasteintopiecessmallenoughgenerallylessthan2mmindiameter—topassthroughtheplumbing.(该处理装置将食物垃圾撕成足够小的碎片，通常直径小于2毫米，以便通过管道。)”可知，InSinkErator用来将食物垃圾撕成足够小的碎片，以便更轻松地清除食物垃圾。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“KnowingCaroline,anurse,sufferedfromaskindiseaseduringherwork,Halstedinventedtheglovesespeciallyforherandgavethemtoherasagiftaftertheirmarriage.(得知护士Caroline在工作中患有皮肤病后，Halsted特意为她发明了这副手套，并在婚后送给她作为礼物。)”可知，手术手套最初是Halsted特意为他的妻子发明的。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据这四种发明的发明时间：根据最后一段“So,Hortondesignedashirtwithmagneticbuttonsin2012.(因此，Horton在2012年设计了一款带有磁性纽扣的衬衫。)”可知，选项A“Magneticshirtbuttons.(磁性衬衫纽扣)”的发明时间为2012年；根据第二段“WilliamStewartHalsted,M.D.(18521922)wasawellknownUSsurgeonwhoisoftencalledthe“FatherofModernSurgery”.(WilliamStewartHalsted医学博士(18521922)是美国著名的外科医生，常被称为“现代外科之父”。)”可推断，选项B“SurgicalGloves(手术手套)”的发明时间为1852到1922之间；根据第一段“JohnW.Hammes,anarchitectfromWisconsin,createdtheInSinkEratorin1935.(来自威斯康星州的建筑师JohnW.Hammes于1935年设计了InSinkErator。)”可知，选项C“TheInSinkErator.”发明于1935年；根据文章第三段“WhenJosephineKnightDicksonfromNewJerseykeptcuttingherselfwhilecookingforherfamilyinthe1920s,herhusband,EarleDickson,steppedin.(20世纪20年代，新泽西州的JosephineKnightDickson在为家人做饭时不断割伤自己，她的丈夫EarleDickson介入了。)”可知，选项D“BandAids.”发明于20世纪20年代。由此判断，四种发明中，最近的是选项A。故选A。BAsTigerKing2appealstoviewers,somefansfeelsadabouthavingtopaymuchforanotherstreamingservicesubscription.Andtheytakepityontheoncehotvideotechnologywhichisnowmorelikelytobeatemporarycoaster(杯垫)foryourcoffee:DVDswereoncethefuture,butnowtheindustrycanhardlybeturnedaround.DVDsalesoncereached$16.3billionandwere64%oftheU.S.homevideomarket.Thatwas2005.However,thisyearjust300millionDVDsareexpectedtobesoldworldwide,downfromanaverageof2billioneveryyearbetween2005and2009.Instead,ariseincustomersbuyingondemandanddigitalcopiesoffilmsandthelaunchofstreamingservicesarewhathavereducedtheDVDindustrytosuchastate.Buttherearestill300millionofthethings,evenifyourcollectionisgatheringdustonthebookshelf.Whilepoppsychologywouldsuggestthatoldergenerationsholdontotheirloveofthephysicaldisc,instead,thoseaged25to39aremorelikelythanmosttowatchDVDs.They’reoftencollectors.“DVDsareasignofouridentityandourpersonality,”saysTonyGunnarsson,ananalystofTV,video,andadvertising.That’swhyEnglandbasedradioproducerTomGreenstillstoresaround300DVDs,includingthewholeseasonsofTheSimpsons.Theyrepresentapartofmylife,andapartofme,”Greensays.OtherscontinuetokeepDVDsbecauseoftheexcellentaudio(声音的)quality.ForDVDs,toundergoarenaissance(复兴)similartothatexperiencedbycassettetapeswillrequireabigshift.“WeneedtowaitforthegenerationthathaveafascinationwithDVDstocontrolthemainstreamculture,butitseemstobenowhereinsight,”saysTomGreen.“AndthepublicseeDVDsasnothingbutoutdatedmedia.”Evenso,thereisasolidgroupofDVDconsumers.Andthat’sperhapswhyproducerskeepmakingDVDsandwhymittedcollectorscollecttheirdiscs.4.WhatdoestheauthorintendtostressinParagraph1?A.ThefallofDVDs.B.ApossiblewayofreusingDVDs.C.Arecenttrendinthefilmindustry.D.Thebigexpensesofvideostreamingservices.5.WhathappenedtotheDVDmarketin2005?A.Itcelebratedashiftindigitalcopiesoffilms.B.ItsufferedfromanoversupplyofDVDs.C.Itentered64%oftheU.S.households.D.Itssalesreachedthepeak.6.WhatcanwesayaboutTonyGunnarssonandTomGreen?A.TheybothappreciatethecharmofDVDs.B.TheyarebothprofessionalDVDadvertisers.C.Theyarebothpassionateaboutcollectingthings.D.Theybothpraisetheaudioqualityofstreamingservices.7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDVDsfromthelastparagraph?A.Theymaycontrolthemainstreamculture.B.Theycangreatlybenefitmanycollectors.C.Theyareasimportantascassettetapes.D.Theyarehardtomakeaeback.【答案】4.A5.D6.A7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了DVD的销量从过去的辉煌到如今的惨淡局面，DVD已然成为了过去，现在这个行业很难逆转，但是即便如此，还是有一个稳定的DVD消费者群体。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Andtheytakepityontheoncehotvideotechnologywhichisnowmorelikelytobeatemporarycoaster(杯垫)foryourcoffee:DVDswereoncethefuture,butnowtheindustrycanhardlybeturnedaround.”（。他们还对曾经炙手可热的视频技术表示同情，因为它现在更有可能成为你咖啡的临时杯垫：DVDs曾经是未来，但现在这个行业很难逆转。）可推知，作者想在第一段想强调DVDs的衰落。故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“DVDsalesoncereached$16.3billionandwere64%oftheU.S.homevideomarket.Thatwas2005.”（DVD的销售额一度达到163亿美元，占美国家庭视频市场的64%。那是2005年。）可知，2005年的DVD市场它的销量达到了顶峰。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““DVDsareasignofouridentityandourpersonality,”saysTonyGunnarsson,ananalystofTV,video,andadvertising.That’swhyEnglandbasedradioproducerTomGreenstillstoresaround300DVDs,includingthewholeseasonsofTheSimpsons.Theyrepresentapartofmylife,andapartofme,”Greensays.OtherscontinuetokeepDVDsbecauseoftheexcellentaudio(声音的)quality.”（电视、视频和广告分析师托尼•冈纳森表示：“DVDs是我们身份和个性的标志。”这就是为什么英国电台制作人汤姆·格林仍然保存着大约300张DVDs，包括《辛普森一家》的整个季节。它们代表了我生命的一部分，也是我的一部分，”格林说。其他人继续保留DVDs，因为它的音频质量很好。）可推知，托尼·甘纳森和汤姆·格林他们都欣赏DVDs的魅力。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中““WeneedtowaitforthegenerationthathaveafascinationwithDVDstocontrolthemainstreamculture,butitseemstobenowhereinsight,”saysTomGreen.“AndthepublicseeDVDsasnothingbutoutdatedmedia.””（汤姆·格林说：“我们需要等待对DVDs着迷的那一代人来控制主流文化，但这似乎遥遥无期。”“而公众认为DVDs只不过是过时的媒体。”）可推知，DVDs的销量很难东山再起。故选D项。CPsychologiststellusthattherearefourbasicstagesthathumanbeingspassthroughwhentheyenterandliveinanewculture.Thisprocess,whichhelpsustodealwithcultureshock,isthewayourbrainandourpersonalityreacttothestrangenewthingswemeetwhenwemovefromoneculturetoanother.Ifourcultureinvolvesbowingwhenwegreetsomeone,wemayfeelveryunfortableinaculturethatdoesnotinvolvebowing.Cultureshockbeginswiththe“honeymoonstage”.Thisistheperiodoftimewhenwefirstarriveinanewculturewhereeverythingisstrangeandexciting.Wemaybesufferingfrom“jetlag”butwearethrilledtobeinthenewenvironment,seeingnewsights,hearingnewsoundsandeatingnewkindsoffood.Unfortunately,thesecondstageofcultureshockcanbemoredifficult.Afterwehavesettleddownintoournewlife,workingorstudying,buyinggroceries,doinglaundry,orlivingwithahomestayfamily,wecanbeeverytiredandbegintomissourhomeland.Allthelittleproblemsinlifeseemtobemuchbiggerwhenyoufacetheminaforeignculture.Thisperiodofculturaladjustmentcanbeverydifficultandleadtothenewarrivalrejectingorpullingawayfromthenewculture.Thethirdstageofcultureshockhappenswhenyoubegintorealizethatthingsarenotsobadinthehostculture.Yoursenseofhumorusuallybeesstrongerandyourealizethatyouarebeingstrongerbylearningtotakecareofyourselfinthenewplace.Thingsarestilldifficult,butyouarenowasurvivor!Thefourthstagecanbecalled“ateaseatlast”.Nowyoufeelquitefortableinyournewsurroundings.Youcandealwithmostproblemsthatoccur.Youmaystillhaveproblemswiththelanguage,butyouknowyouarestrongenoughtodealwiththem.Ifyoumeetsomeonefromyourcountrywhohasjustarrived,youcanbetheexpertonlifeinthenewcultureandhelpthemtodealwiththeircultureshock.8.TheexampleinParagraph1isintendedto________.A.helpexplaincultureshockBparedifferentculturesC.showhowtoliveinanewcultureD.drawattentiontoculturaldifferences9.Whatmakescultureshockabiggerchallenge?A.Overingunusualproblems.B.Gettingusedtothenewdailylife.C.Learningmoreaboutthenewculture.D.Findingtherightplacetosettledown.10.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethethirdstageofcultureshock?A.Youhavesurvivedwithoutanydifficulty.B.Youhavefitinwithyournewlifepletely.C.Youholdapositiveattitudeandbegintoadjust.D.Youetorealizehowdifficultcultureshockis.11.Howdoyoufeelduringthefourthstageofcultureshock?A.Tensebutpositive. B.Afraidbutfortable.C.Negativeandstressed. D.Relaxedandconfident.【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文化冲击会经历四个基本阶段。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Thisprocess,whichhelpsustodealwithcultureshock,isthewayourbrainandourpersonalityreacttothestrangenewthingswemeetwhenwemovefromoneculturetoanother.Ifourcultureinvolvesbowingwhenwegreetsomeone,wemayfeelveryunfortableinaculturethatdoesnotinvolvebowing.”（当我们从一种文化转移到另一种文化时，我们的大脑和人格会对陌生的新事物做出反应，这个过程帮助我们应对文化冲击。如果我们的文化在问候别人时涉及到鞠躬，那么在一个不涉及鞠躬的文化中，我们可能会感到非常不舒服。）可推断，第一段中的例子旨在帮助解释文化冲击。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Unfortunately,thesecondstageofcultureshockcanbemoredifficult.Afterwehavesettleddownintoournewlife,workingorstudying,buyinggroceries,doinglaundry,orlivingwithahomestayfamily,wecanbeeverytiredandbegintomissourhomeland.”（不幸的是，文化冲击的第二阶段可能更加困难。当我们安定下来进入新的生活，工作或学习，买杂货，洗衣服，或住在寄宿家庭，我们会变得很累，并开始想念我们的祖国。）以及第三段的“Thisperiodofculturaladjustmentcanbeverydifficultandleadtothenewarrivalrejectingorpullingawayfromthenewculture.（这段文化适应时期可能会非常困难，导致新来者拒绝或远离新文化。）”可知，习惯新的日常生活让文化冲击成为更大的挑战。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Thethirdstageofcultureshockhappenswhenyoubegintorealizethatthingsarenotsobadinthehostculture.Yoursenseofhumorusuallybeesstrongerandyourealizethatyouarebeingstrongerbylearningtotakecareofyourselfinthenewplace.Thingsarestilldifficult,butyouarenowasurvivor!”（文化冲击的第三个阶段发生在你开始意识到事情在东道国文化中并没有那么糟糕的时候。你的幽默感通常会变得更强，你会意识到，你会因为学会在新的环境中照顾好自己而变得更强。事情还是很困难，但你现在是幸存者了!）可知，第三个阶段你有了积极的态度并开始调整。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thefourthstagecanbecalled“ateaseatlast”.Nowyoufeelquitefortableinyournewsurroundings.Youcandealwithmostproblemsthatoccur.Youmaystillhaveproblemswiththelanguage,butyouknowyouarestrongenoughtodealwiththem.Ifyoumeetsomeonefromyourcountrywhohasjustarrived,youcanbetheexpertonlifeinthenewcultureandhelpthemtodealwiththeircultureshock.”（第四阶段可称为“终于放心”。现在你对新环境感到很舒服。你可以处理大多数发生的问题。你可能在这门语言上还有一些问题，但你知道你已经足够强大去解决它们了。如果你遇到刚从你的国家来的人，你可以成为那个新文化生活的专家，并帮助他们应对文化冲突。）可推断，第四阶段人们会变得放松且自信。故选D项。DArtificialintelligenceisabouttotakeononeofthemosticonicjobsinallofsports:theumpire(裁判).Thissummer,teamsintheAAAleague—justonelevelbelowMajorLeagueBaseball—willuseadvancedtechnologytocallaballandastrike(anunsuccessfulattempttohittheball)onbatters.Humanumpireswillstillbeonthescene,butavoiceintheirearpieceswilltellthemtoshoutout“ball”or“strike”－asdeterminedbyasystemknownasAutomatedBallStrike(ABS).HumanumpiresareabletorejectABSiftheyfeelitmadeamistake.ABScanevencalculatedifferentsizedstrikezonesfortallorshortplayers.Anditwillcontinuetodootherthingshumanumpiresdo,likeseparatingangryopposingplayerstopreventfights,andofcoursedustingoffthehomeplate.Foroveracentury,umpireshavestoodasoneofthemosthumanelementsofbaseball.Howtheymakecallscanaffecttheouteofagame.Theyunavoidablyhavehumanweaknesses.Buthowtheyseethings,whetherrightorwrongintheviewofanyindividualfan,decideshowthegameswillgodown.Theyaretheboss.Intheend,it’sahumanbeingwhoisrunningagamebeingplayedbyotherhumans.Moreandmoretechnologyisenteringthesportsfield.Tennisshotscanberuledinoroutofboundsbycameraswhichareabletodetectwhatisonlysomethinguncleartothehumaneye.AndthisyearFIFA,thebodygoverninginternationalsoccer,willexperimentwitharobotsystemthataimstocalloffsidesmorequicklyandaccuratelythanhumanrefereesanditwillbeexpectedtobeinactualevents.Robotrefereescouldalsohelpsolveshortagesofvolunteerrefereesattheamateurlevel,insportssuchassoccer.Agamemightberunbyasingleofficialaidedbytechnologythatdoesimportantpartsofthejob.Todaythepossibilityexiststhatahumanumpireorrefereecouldbebribed(行贿)orholdprejudices,consciouslyorunconsciously.Usingrobotumpswouldseemtoavoidthosehumanshortings.Butwhatifhackers(黑客)gotinsidearobotump’sprogramandcouldchangeitscalls?12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesABS?A.Ithasbeenwidelyusedinsportsevents.B.Itassistshumanumpiresinvariousways.C.Itcanrejecthumanumpires’mistakencalls.D.Itismatureenoughtoreplacehumanumpires.13.WhatmessagedoestheauthorintendtoconveyinParagraph3?A.It’snaturalthateveryonemakesmistakes.B.Umpires’havingthefinalsaycontradictsfairplay.C.It’struethatteamspiritisessentialtosportspetitions.D.Fanscanhaveabigimpactontheprocessofsportsgames.14.What’sFIFA’sattitudetowardtheuseofrobotrefereesinfootballmatches?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.15.Whatmightbeaparticularlyimportanttaskfordevelopersofrobotreferees?A.Raisingrobotumps’awarenessofothers’unconsciousweaknesses.B.Enablingrobotrefereestoworkwithdifferenthumanreferees.C.Strengtheningthedefensivesystemofrobotreferees.D.Makingrobotumpsaccessibletovariousgames.【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了人工智能即将接手所有体育运动中最具标志性的工作之一：裁判。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Humanumpireswillstillbeonthescene,butavoiceintheirearpieceswilltellthemtoshoutout“ball”or“strike”－asdeterminedbyasystemknownasAutomatedBallStrike(ABS).HumanumpiresareabletorejectABSiftheyfeelitmadeamistake.ABScanevencalculatedifferentsizedstrikezonesfortallorshortplayers.Anditwillcontinuetodootherthingshumanumpiresdo,likeseparatingangryopposingplayerstopreventfights,andofcoursedustingoffthehomeplate.(人类裁判仍然会在现场，但他们的耳机里会有一个声音告诉他们喊出“球””或“击球”——这是由一个被称为自动击球(ABS)的系统决定的。如果人类裁判认为ABS犯了错误，他们可以拒绝ABS。ABS甚至可以计算不同大小的打击区为高或矮的球员。它还将继续做人类裁判所做的其他事情，比如把愤怒的对方球员分开，以防止打架，当然还有掸掉本垒板上的灰尘。)”可知，ABS可以以各种方式协助人类裁判。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Foroveracentury,umpireshavestoodasoneofthemosthumanelementsofbaseball.Howtheymakecallscanaffecttheouteofagame.Theyunavoidablyhavehumanweaknesses.Buthowtheyseethings,whetherrightorwrongintheviewofanyindividualfan,decideshowthegameswillgodown.Theyaretheboss.Intheend,it’sahumanbeingwhoisrunningagamebeingplayedbyotherhumans.(一个多世纪以来，裁判一直是棒球界最具人性的元素之一。他们的判罚方式会影响比赛的结果。他们不可避免地有人性的弱点。但是他们看待事物的方式，无论是对还是错，都将决定比赛的走向。他们是老板。最后，是一个人在运行一个被其他人玩的游戏。)”可知，在第三段中，作者认为裁判看待事物的方式，无论是对还是错，都将决定比赛的走向。而这与公平比赛相矛盾。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“AndthisyearFIFA,thebodygoverninginternationalsoccer,willexperimentwitharobotsystemthataimstocalloffsidesmorequicklyandaccuratelythanhumanrefereesanditwillbeexpectedtobeinactualevents.Robotrefereescouldalsohelpsolveshortagesofvolunteerrefereesattheamateurlevel,insportssuchassoccer.Agamemightberunbyasingleofficialaidedbytechnologythatdoesimportantpartsofthejob.(今年，管理国际足球的机构国际足联(FIFA)将试验一种机器人系统，旨在比人类裁判更快、更准确地判罚越位，预计将在实际比赛中使用。机器人裁判还可以帮助解决足球等业余运动中志愿裁判的短缺问题。一场比赛可能是由一名官员在技术的辅助下运行，这些技术可以完成比赛的重要部分。)”可推测，FIFA对于足球比赛中使用机器人裁判是抱有支持的态度的。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Butwhatifhackers(黑客)gotinsidearobotump’sprogramandcouldchangeitscalls?(但是，如果黑客进入了机器人裁判的程序，并可以改变它的调用呢？)”可推测，作者认为机器人裁判的开发者要加强机器人裁判的防御体系以防止黑客进入了机器人裁判的程序，并改变它的调用。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thetypicalcellphoneusertoucheshisorherphone2,617timeseveryday.Mostpeoplespend3hoursontheirphoneseachday.Theeffectsofthisusageareshocking:reducingthequalityofconversationsandnegativelyaffectingshorttermmemoryandproblemsolving.______16______.Howcanyoucutdownonyourusageofcellphones?Thefollowingaresomemethodssuggestedbyexperts.Keeptoyourschedule.Youcouldsetalarmsspecifyinghowoftenyoucancheckyourphone.______17______.Whenyouralarmsounds,readandhandlenotifications(通知)andthenputdownthephone.Toreduceresponseanxiety,tellyourfriendsorfamilythatyoumaynotrespondtotheirmessagesasquicklyasyouusedto.Createnophonetimezones.Duringworkinghours,ifyou’reconstantlyupsetbyyourphonegoingoff,youwon’tremainfocusedonthework.Therefore,youcouldcreateanophonetimezone.______18______.Soyoucanconcentrateontheworkinfrontofyou.______19______.Oneideaistoreplacesomesmartphonefunctionswithrealobjects.Forexample,purchasearadioalarmclockinsteadofdependingonyourphonetowakeyouup,andstartyournewyearbybuyinganewnotebook,soyoucanwriteyourappointmentandtodolistthereinsteadofinyourphone.Putahairband(发带)aroundyourphone.Whenplacedinthemiddleofthephone,thehairbandallowsuserstoanswerphonecallseasily,butmakesotherusesofthephonemoredifficult.Everytimeyouwanttouseyourphone,thisbringsaboutamindfulnessexerciseandmakesyouaskyourselfwhatyourintentionis.Ifyoureallywanttousethephone,setyourintentionforwhyandremovethehairband.______20______.Choosethemethodsmostsuitableforyoursituationandmakeeffortstoavoidtoomuchuseofcellphones.A.ReduceyourrelianceB.LearntolivealifewithoutphonesC.PeoplegetaddictedtosmartphonesfordifferentreasonsD.Forexample,everyhalfhour,every45minutesoreveryhourE.AndtherelationbetweenphoneaddictionandmentalillnessisalarmingF.Thepracticehelpsavoidmindlesslyunlockingyourphoneevery3minutesG.Shutyourphoneforatleast2hoursofyourday,whenyou’remostproductive【答案】16.E17.D18.G19.A20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些减少使用的方法。【16题详解】上文“Thetypicalcellphoneusertoucheshisorherphone2,617timeseveryday.Mostpeoplespend3hoursontheirphoneseachday.Theeffectsofthisusageareshocking:reducingthequalityofconversationsandnegativelyaffectingshorttermmemoryandproblemsolving.(典型的用户每天触摸2617次。大多数人每天花3小时在上。这种用法的效果令人震惊：降低了对话的质量，对短期记忆和解决问题产生了负面影响)”说明用户花费大量时间在上，上瘾对人产生了负面影响，E项中phoneaddiction是关键词，E项“成瘾与精神疾病之间的关系令人担忧”承接上文，符合题意。故选E。【17题详解】上文“Youcouldsetalarmsspecifyinghowoftenyoucancheckyourphone.(你可以设置闹钟，指定查看频率)”说明可以采用设置闹钟的方法来指定查看的频率，D项“例如，每半小时、每45分钟或每小时”举例说明设置闹钟、指定查看频率的方法，承接上文，符合题意。故选D。【18题详解】上文“Therefore,youcouldcreateanophonetimezone.(因此，你可以创建一个无时区)”以及下文“Soyoucanconcentrateontheworkinfrontofyou.(这样你就可以专注于眼前的工作)”说明可以关闭，创建无时区，以专注于工作，G项中Shutyourphone是关键词，G项“当你工作效率最高时，每天至少要关机2小时”承上启下，符合题意。故选G。【19题详解】下文“Oneideaistoreplacesomesmartphonefunctionswithrealobjects.(一个想法是用实物代替一些智能功能)”说明可以使用其他物品代替的一些功能，即减少对的依赖性，A项“减少你的依赖”可以作为本段小标题。故选A。【20题详解】上文“Everytimeyouwanttouseyourphone,thisbringsaboutamindfulnessexerciseandmakesyouaskyourselfwhatyourintentionis.Ifyoureallywanttousethephone,setyourintentionforwhyandremovethehairband.(每次你想使用时，这都会带来一个正念练习，让你问自己你的意图是什么。如果你真的想使用，设定你的意图，说明原因并摘掉发带)”说明发带的具体用法，F项“这种做法有助于避免每3分钟无意识地解锁”承接上文，说明使用发带的好处，符合题意。故选F。非选择题部分第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Theotherday,Iwatchedthedocumentary14Peaks:NothingIsImpossible,whichfollowedNirmalPurjaasheclimbedall14mountainswithaheightofmorethan8,000meters.Havingno____21____ofmountaineeringapartfromoccasionalrecreationalhikes,I____22____Purja’scourageandperseverance(毅力).Notlongintotheprogramme,however,suchfeelingsbeganto____23____.OnajourneyPurjacalled“themissionpossible”,he____24____extremeweatherconditionsandalmostlosthislifeina100metrefall.Whateverthe____25____,hepursuedthepletionofhistask.Thedocumentary____26____Purja’sperseverance,suggestingyoucanachieveanythingaslongasyoupersevere.____27____,themoredeadmountaineersPurjapassedontheway,themoreIbeganto____28____thismessage.Whydidanablemountaineerinsistuponexposinghimselftoa(n)____29____situation?Humanculturevaluesthepletionoftasks.Thisphenomenoniscalled“pletionbias(偏见)”.Whileitcanbea_____30_____forpeopletooveredifficulties,itisimportanttobeawareofits_____31_____.Forexample,withpeopletryinghardtogetthingsdone,manyhaveanatural_____32_____forfocusingonparticulartasks.Ultimately,itmaypreventusfrom_____33_____biggertasksthatreallymatter.Therefore,itisalways_____34_____torememberthatgivingupataskdoesnotnecessarilymeanfailure.Thechoiceto_____35_____amissioncanbeawiseronethanpushingthroughamisguidedquest.21.A.influence B.experience C.expression D.intention22.A.suspected B.displayed C.gathered D.admired23.A.recover B.emerge C.fade D.improve24.A.fought B.recorded C.described D.forecast25.A.purpose B.cost C.reason D.excuse26.A.madeupfor B.lookedoutfor C.spokehighlyof D.tookpityon27.A.However B.Thus C.Moreover D.Otherwise28.A.understand B.memorize C.mistake D.question29.A.urgent B.stable C.ideal D.dangerous30.A.motivator B.lesson C.warning D.promise31.A.basicrules B.sideeffects C.potentialrewards D.variouslevels32.A.preference B.vision C.talent D.occasion33.A.abandoning B.assigning C.tacklin