2024届河南省邓州市部分学校高三下学期一模考试英语试题

按秘密级事项管理★启用前2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语模拟测试本试卷共150分考试时间120分钟注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A．Havesomeapplepie. B．Cooksomefood. C．Visitahouse.2．What’swrongwiththeman’stooth?A．Itneedstobereplaced. B．Thereisaholeinit. C．Itisbleeding.3．Whataspectofthenewapartmenttroublesthewoman?A．Herroommate. B．Itslocation. C．Itsdecoration.4．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A．Raisehishead. B．Bendhishead. C．Turnhishead.5．WhattimedoestheswimmingpoolopenonTuesday?A．At10:30． B．At10:00． C．At9:30.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Abusinessidea. B．Asalespromotion. C．Afitnessplan.7．Howdoesthemanlikethewoman’ssuggestion?A．Interesting. B．Annoying. C．Debatable.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8．Whydoesthewomanvisittheman?A．Forcalminghim. B．Forhealthissues. C．Forfun.9．Howdoesthewomanfeelatlast?A．Stressed. B．Concerned. C．Relieved.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．Whattypeofdestinationisthegirlinterestedin?A．Historicalplaces. B．Themeparks. C．Beaches.11．Whichcitydoesthemanrecommend?A．Paris. B．Rome. C．London.12．Whatlanguagedoesthegirlspeak?A．Italian. B．English. C．French.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．Whatisthereasonforthewoman’scall?A．Theskirthasatear. B．Theskirtistoosmall. C．Theskirthasfaded.14．Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheskirt?A．Shelostitsreceipt.B．Shemadeacomplaintaboutit.C．Shefollowedtheinstructionstowashit.15．Whatresolutiondoesthewomanprefer?A．Arefund. B．Arepairservice. C．Areplacement.16．Howwillthewomanreturntheskirt?A．Bymail. B．Byvisitingthestore. C．Byaskingthemantotakeit.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．WhatwasthebeardoingwhenCherrywasfoundbytherescueteam?A．Hewassleeping. B．Hewashangingaround. C．Hewassearchingforfood.18．HowdidthebearreacttoCherry’spresence?A．Angry. B．Delighted. C．Indifferent.20．Whywasacameraused?A．Toexplorethecave.B．Toensurethedog’ssafety.C．Tokeepawatchonthebear.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHerearesomefreeonlineclassesthatprovideyouwiththeopportunitytomakeuseofresourcesfromsomeoftheworld’sbestuniversities.EnvironmentalScienceLabInthiscourse,you’lllearninterestingnewwaystotestconceptsinenvironmentalsciencesuchaspollution,airquality,wastemanagementandsustainabilityusinghouseholditemsinyour“homelaboratory”.Thecoursefeaturestenlabsyoucanperformathomeaswellassupplementaryreadingmaterialsfromthewebthatwillexplaintheconceptsyouaretesting.WorkshopsinEnd-of-LifeTrainingInthisonlinecourse,youwillexplorehowtopreparepeopleforthedeathofarelative,howtoeasepatientpainandhowtoidentifypainsourcesinfamilymembersandsupportstaffthroughtherole-playingdemonstrations.Forthiscourse,youshouldhavehealthcareexperience.ChineseI（Regular）ThiscourseisthefirstoftwothatformanintroductiontomodernstandardChinese,commonlycalledMandarin.Itallowsundergraduateandgraduatestudentstodevelop:basicconversationalabilities（pronunciation,fundamentalgrammaticalpatterns,commonvocabulary,andstandardusage）;basicreadingandwritingskillsinboththetraditionalcharactersetandthesimplified;andanunderstandingofthelanguagelearningprocesssothatstudentscancontinuestudyingeffectivelyontheirown.LawandSocietyThiscourseexploresthetopicsthatincludeunderstandingsocialsystems,legalreasoning,andhowsocialchangeimpactslegalforms.Youwilldevelopapointofviewonhowlawcanbecomeapracticalresource,amechanismforhandlingawiderangeofsocialissuesandconflicts.Thisundergraduatelevelcoursedoesnotrequireanyprerequisites.21．WhatdoesEnvironmentalScienceLabhighlight?A．Freeformsandbooks. B．Newandcreativeconcepts.C．Hands-onexperimentsathome. D．Homemadeexperimentaltools.22．WhatcanstudentslearnfromChineseI（Regular）?A．Reasoningskills. B．SomeChinesedialects.C．DifferentChinesewritingskills. D．DifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish.23．Whatcolumnofawebsiteisthetextprobablyfrom?A．Education. B．Science. C．Culture. D．Entertainment.BTextmessageacronyms（缩略词）causedplentyofconfusionfortheoldergenerationswhenmobilephonesbecamecommonplace—nowemojisaremakingtheembarrassmentbecomemoreserious.Slack,aworkplacemessagingservice,surveyed9,400officeworkersworldwideincluding1,000intheUK.Itfoundthebiggestemojisociallyembarrassingactionormistakeatworkwaspicturesoflips.Mostolderworkersdidnotrealizethedoublemeaningofthepeachemoji,whichforyoungerusersmeanships.OliviaGrace,adirectoratSlack,said,“Thefindingsofourresearchareveryclear—becarefulwhencommunicatingwithemojisacrossgenerations.Emojisofferagreatwaytocommunicateemotion,whetherit’sajoke,supportorsomethingelse,butit’sgoodtobeawarethatdifferentmeaningsmayexisttoavoidanyawkwardinterpretations.”Thesimplesmilingfacewasalsoasourceofmisunderstanding—60percentofover-40susedittoshowhappinessorpleasurebutasignificantnumberofyoungerworkersusedittoconvey“deepanger”.Animageofsomeonepaintingtheirnailswasthemostconfusing—itmeantnothingtotheoldergeneration,whiletheunder-25ssaidtheyusedittosay“thereisgossip”,andthe25-to40-year-oldsusedittocommunicatemakingthemselvesmorebeautiful.However,allagesagreedonthemeaningofsomeemojis,suchasafacewithtearsoflaughterandacryingemoji.Speakingaboutitsreasonsforconductingthesurvey,Slacksaid,“Aretherecertainemojisthatshouldrestrictyourbossfromusingthem?Haveyourinternationalcolleaguesevermisunderstoodanemoji?Anddoyouusuallywaittobuildarelationshipbeforesendingemojisatwork?”Itaddedthatwiththousandsofemojisatusers’treatment,“there’salotofpotential”tocommunicatebymistake.Emojisarenottechnicallyaformoflanguage,astheylackgrammar.Theoriginaluserofaparticularemojihasnocopyrightonhowitistobeunderstood.Thesignificanceofemojisbelongstothosewhousethem,andtheyhaveatrulyvaluableroleinwrittencommunication.24．WhatdidSlackfindaboutemojis?A．Acronymscausemoreconfusionthanthem. B．Peopleunderstandsomeofthemdifferently.C．It’spopularforofficeworkerstousethem. D．Theycanavoidmanyawkwardsituations.25．Howisthethirdparagraphdeveloped?A．Byanalyzingcauses. B．Byraisingquestions.C．Byfollowingtimeorder. D．Bymakingcomparisons.26．WhydidSlackconductthesurvey?A．Tohelppeopleuseemojisproperly. B．Tofindoriginalemojis.C．Toprovetheconvenienceofemojis. D．Toexplainsomespecialemojis.27．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsusingemojis?A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.CNaturehasthepowertoalteranelement’sidentitywithtimeandspace.ThisisevidentbythetransformativeeffectBritain’sdeepcoalmineshavebeenshowingafterdecadesofbeingoneofthebiggestreasonsforpollution.Now,they’rebeingemployedtosupplygreenenergytothetownofGateshead.Thetownisthefirstplacetoexperiencesomethinglikethisinthecountry,butthesuccessofthephenomenonhasencouragedtheauthoritiestoapplyittoothertowns.In2021,coalwasjustproducing2%ofelectricityintheUK.Mostoftheelectricityinthecountryisbeingsuppliedthroughoilandgas.Thishasresultedinmassiveabandonedcoalminesallacrossthecountry.Asyearswentby,thesemineswerefloodedwithwater,makingitasourceofgeothermal（地热的）energy,whichisusedtogenerateheatandelectricity.Gatesheadhostssuchamineinitstown,whosecouncil,therefore,launchedaminewaterprojectinMarch2023.Theauthoritiesputinalargecentralheatpumpinthemine.Minewatercanoftensitwithatemperatureof45℃.Thewateristhenpumpedusingappliancestohomeheatpumps.Theprocessincreasesthetemperaturefurther.Thewaterthengoesaheadandwarmsuptheinteriorspaceandhomewatersupply.Aftertheheatfromthewaterhasbeenused,it’ssentbacktotheminewhereitagaingoesthroughthesameprocess.Theprojecthasbeensuccessfulinsupplyinglow-carbonheatingto350high-risebuildings,acollegeandseveralofficebuildings.“Recoveringheatfromminewaterbelowthegroundwithinabandonedcoalminesprovidesanexcitingopportunitytogeneratealow-carbonsecuresupplyofheat,benefittingpeoplelivingorworkinginbuildingsonthecoalfields,”saidGarethFarr,headofheatandby-productinnovationattheCoalAuthority.ThewaterresourcesthroughtheminesareestimatedtobetwobillioncubicmetersorhalftheamountofwaterinLochNess.Farradded,“WithmanymillionsofpeoplelivinguponabandonedcoalfieldsinGreatBritain,thepotentialforminewaterheatcouldbesignificant.”28．WhatdoesthetownofGatesheadfeature?A．It’sbeenoneofthemostheavilypollutedareas. B．Ithasthemostdeepcoalminesnationally.C．Itmainlyreliesongeothermalenergy. D．Itisthefirstonetoreuseabandonedcoalmines.29．WhyweremanycoalminesabandonedintheUK?A．Theywerequiteremote. B．Pricesofcoaldeclinedalot.C．Thereweren’tenoughminers. D．TheUKprioritizescleanerenergy.30．Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?A．Thenumberofabandonedcoalminesisstablyincreasing.B．Thefutureofsourcingenergyfromcoalminesispromising.C．ThedependenceonwaterresourcesintheUKisdecreasing.D．Thetechniquetotakeadvantageofminewaterisimpressive.31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Aninnovativewaytoobtaingreenenergy. B．Amethodoflivinginharmonywithnature.C．Anationalprojectforabandonedfacilities. D．Adiscussiononthefutureofcoalmines.DThesedays,there’sbarelyaworldleaderwhodoesn’ttalkupscience.Forexample,theIndia’sPrimeMinisterwasthemainperformerattheannualIndianScienceCongress,heldinNagpur,whereheencouragedthenation’sresearcherstodothescienceneededtomakeIndiaself-reliant.Themessagetoresearchersiscrystalclear:leadersseescienceasessentialtonationalprosperity,well-beingand,ofcourse,competitiveness.So,isresearchfitforthechallengeofadvancing,refiningorcritiquingthesegoals?Notexactly.Anditwon’tbeuntilthereisfundamentalreformtothegatewaytoaresearchcareer:PhDtraining.AsNatureandotherpublicationshavefrequentlyreported,PhDtrainingworldwidehasbeenintroubleforsometime.Students’stipends（生活津贴）arenotenoughinmostcountries,creatingacost-of-livingcrisis.Early-careerresearchersconstantlyreportconcernsaboutaconstantlackofsupportandpoor-qualitysupervision,withseniorresearchersrarelytrainedinmentorship（指导）.Furthermore,PhDcandidatesareinadequatelypreparedforthecross-disciplinaryworkingandlargeteamsthatcharacterizecutting-edgesciencetoday.Thisisespeciallytrueforcareersoutsideacademicresearch,wheretheoverwhelmingmajorityofPhDcandidateswillbeheading.Itisnotallbad.Universitiesinasmallnumberofhigh-incomecountrieshavereformed,orarereforming,PhDassessment.Butinmostplaces,andespeciallyinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries,acandidate’sworkisstillevaluatedusingasingle-authoredpaper.Inmanycountries,candidatesmustpublishinajournalbeforetheygetaPhD,somethingthatcriticssaycouldfuelprofitablepublishing.Thesystem’sstrainshavebecomemoreobviousbecausethenumberofpeopledoingPhDtraininghasbeenrisingsharply.Accordingtothe2022bookTowardsaGlobalCoreValueSysteminDoctoralEducation,thenumberofPhDsawardedinIndiaincreasedfrom17,850in2004to25.095in2016;USfiguresclimbedfrom48,500to69,525overthesameperiod.Ifresearchersaretomeetsociety’sexpectations,theirtrainingandmentoringmustescapethenineteenthcentury.32．WhyistheIndia’sPrimeMinistermentionedinthefirstparagraph?A．ToindicateIndia’sseriousscientificlandscape.B．ToimplymoreresearchersareingreatdemandinIndia.C．Toshowleaders’emphasisonscientificresearch.D．Todemonstratemoreandmorepeopletakeaninterestinscience.33．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Thereformsinscience. B．Thesignificanceofmentorship.C．Thecreationofacademicculture. D．Theissuesearly-careerresearchersface.34．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sopiniononPhDtraining?A．Disappointed. B．Satisfied. C．Indifferent. D．Enthusiastic.35．Whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtoexpressinthelastparagraph?A．PhDeducationisdevelopinggradually.B．ThereformsinPhDtrainingadmitofnodelay.C．ThenumberofPhDsawardedhasincreasedinIndiaandtheUS.D．Thedemandforresearchers’meetingsociety’sexpectationsispressing.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Weknowthatkeepinganorganizedspaceisakeyfactorinoverallmentalwell-being.So,howtotackleabigdeclutteringproject?36Muchlikeclosingdownarestaurantorretailstoreforthenight,havearoutinefortheendofyourdaythatinvolvessomeeasy,satisfyingtasks.Maybeit’shavingthecoffeepotcleanandreadytohelpyouwakeupinthemorning.Noticeyour“problem”spotsPayattentiontoareasinvourhomethatconstantlydemandattention,likethebathroomshelfthatalwaysoverflowswithproducts.37.Noticewhatistakingupmostofyourattention,andthenbrainstormeasysolutionsthatcancatchtheissuebeforeitgetstoobig.SetatimerFive,eight,ten,ortwentyminutesareallacceptableamountsoftimetospendchippingawayatanuntidyareainyourhome.Progressisprogress,whetherit’sregularorone-and-done.38.Adeclutteringprojectdoesnothavetobefinishedinaday!Gethelp39.Defineaspecificjobtotakeon,likeclearingoutaclosetordresserdrawer,andbringinsomeonewhowillsupportyouemotionallyandevenmakeitfuntimetogether.EmbracethephysicalactivityMaybeyouarestrugglingtofitaregularworkoutintoyourroutine.Leanintothephysicalaspectofclutter-clearingtofeellikeyou’remeetingtwogoalsatoncebyrelocatingbooksorbringingclothestothedonationbin.40—celebrateyourselfforgettingmovingwhileyoucleanup.A．MakecleaninganeasyhabitB．HireahomeorganizingprofessionalC．EvenwashingthedishesisaphysicalactivityD．Bepatientwiththebigpictureofyourclutter-clearingneedsE．Don’tignorethesnackpackagesthatnevermakeittothetrashcanF．YoudonothavetobealoneinyourjourneytowardacleanhomeG．You’llfeelfulfilledwhenyouhaveacompletelyclutter-freeexistence第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。My13-year-olddaughtersentapostcardtouswhilewewerestillawayonourmostrecenttriptoCalifornia.It41ourhouseaboutaweeklater.Thetouching42nearlybroughtmetotears.“Eventhoughwe43havetwodaysofadventuresaheadofus,Iamjustso44foreverythingwehaveexperiencedtogetheronthistrip,”shewrites.Ouryoungestdaughterisjustaboutto4511yearsold.Inthoseyears,wehavenevertakenatrue46asafamilyoffourtoaplacewe’veneverbeen.Likemost47,Ihavenoideawherethetimehasgone.ButIalsothinkthesearesomeofthebestagesto48withkids.ThisvacationtoCaliforniawasourveryfirst49,long-distancetriptogether.Thekidshelped50thetripwithinputonthingstheymightliketoseeanddo.Theyreachedforourhandsincrowds.Ican’trememberthelasttimetheyheldourhands51.Oneofourfamilybondingmomentscamewhenwetookafamilysurfinglesson.Itwasthefirsttimeanyofushadtriedsurfing,althoughitwassomethingthegirlshadbeen52.Thesmilesonthegirls’faceswereeverything.Theywereso53whentheystoodupontheboardandrodethewavesonebyone.ThosearememoriesI’mgoingto54.Andyes,IwillremindthemofthesetimesthenexttimeIreachfortheir55.41．A．left B．mentioned C．passed D．reached42．A．note B．diary C．journal D．report43．A．never B．already C．ever D．still44．A．inspired B．sorry C．grateful D．nervous45．A．dislike B．match C．turn D．remain46．A．vacation B．picture C．walk D．look47．A．visitors B．parents C．writers D．educators48．A．discuss B．work C．travel D．celebrate49．A．extended B．unexpected C．busy D．temporary50．A．plan B．recall C．imagine D．judge51．A．hopefully B．willingly C．peacefully D．curiously52．A．tiredof B．interestedin C．involvedin D．goodat53．A．terrified B．sad C．proud D．careful54．A．takeup B．holdonto C．carryout D．knowabout55．A．faces B．souls C．hands D．letters第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ConfucianismisamajorbeliefsystemthatstartedinancientChina,56wasdevelopedbyathinker57（name）Confucius.It’snotareligion58thetypicalsense,butasetofmoral,ethical,andsocialguidelines.Confucianismemphasizesrespectforelders,59（devote）tofamily,andsocialharmony.Italsohighlyvalueseducationandpromotespersonalgrowth.CentraltoConfucianismistheideathathumanbeingsarefundamentallygoodand60theycanimprovethroughself-cultivationandself-creation.AnotherkeyconceptinConfucianismis“Li”,whichmeans“properbehavior”.It’saboutbehaving61（correct）ineverysocialsituationtomaintainharmonyandbalance.Inaddition,Confucianismpromotestheideaof“Ren”,or“humaneness”.Itsuggeststhatindividualsshouldbe62（sympathy）andkindtowardsothers,withastrongsenseofdutyandcareforpeopleintheircommunity.Confucianismhasshapedtheculture,socialstructures,andhistoryofChinaandotherEastAsiancountries.Ithasplayedahugeroleinthedevelopmentoftheireducationsystems,familystructures,andgovernmentsystems.Today,it63（continue）tohaveadeepinfluence,64（guide）thebehaviorsandvaluesofmanypeople.Inessence,Confucianismisapowerfulphilosophythatencouragesrespect,compassion,learning,andharmonyinsociety.It’sawayoflifethat65（touch）countlesslivesovercenturies.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是学校篮球队队长李华，请写封邮件告诉你的队友Sophia，球队将举行一场篮球友谊赛，内容包括：1．比赛信息；2．需携带的物品；3．询问她是否能参加。注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。DearSophia,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Sarahwasakindgirlwholivednearabigforest.Shelovedanimalsmorethananythingelse.Theforestwasherfavoriteplace,whereshelikedtowatchtheanimals.Onecoldwinterday,shefoundahurtdeercaughtinatrap.Itlookedawfullyscared,andSarahknewshehadtohelpimmediately.Shewentcloseslowlyandsetthedeerfree.ThedeerseemedtoknowthatSarahwaskind,andtheybecamefriends.ShenamedthedeerGrace.Shebuilta