2023年6月英语六级真题第3套

2023年6月英语六级真题第3套

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence"Itis

widelyacceptedthatanimportantgoalofeducationistohelpstudentslearnhowtolearn.ftYoucanmake

comments,citeexamplesoruseyourpersonalexperiencestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast

150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

温馨提示：2023年6月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容相同，只是

顺序不同，故听力部分不再重复列出

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeach

blankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefully

beforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorresponding

letterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthe

wordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Youmightnotknowyourselfaswellasyouthink.Accordingtoanewstudy,peopleare___26___

accuratejudgesofonlysomeoftheirbehaviors.Whilemostpreviousstudiesonhowwellpeopleknow

themselveshavebeendoneonlong-termpersonalitytraits,thisnewstudy___27___howwellpeople

understandhowtheyareactingfromonemomenttothenext.Researchersaskedparticipantstowear

audiorecordersthatautomatically___28___every9.5minutesbetween7a.m.and2a.m.torecord30

secondsofaudio.Theseparticipantswerethenemailedsurveysfourtimesadayaskingthemto

___29___howoutgoing,agreeable,orconscientioustheywereduringaparticularhouroftheday.The

studyuseddatafrom248participants,allofwhomansweredquestionsabouttheirbehaviorfbrtwo

___30___weeksandworetheaudiodevicefbroneofthoseweeks.

Sixlaboratoryassistantsratedeachparticipant'saudioclipstoseehowtheirobservationscompared

withpeople's___31___ofthemselves.Thesixassistantsweregenerallyinagreementwithoneanother

abouthowthepeopletheywereobservingacted.Further,participants*ratingsoftheirownbehaviors

agreedwithobservers*fbrhowoutgoingandhowconscientioustheywerebeing.Buttheagreement

betweenparticipantsandoutsideobserverswasmuchsmallerforagreeableness.Someofthis___32___

couldbebecausetheobserversusedonlyaudioclips,andthuscouldnotread___33___likebody

language,butthereare___34___otherexplanations,aspeopleshouldbeabletohearwhenaparticipant

isbeingkindversusbeingrude.Theweakagreementbetweenhowparticipantsthoughttheywere

actingandwhatobserversheardcouldbebecausepeoplewouldrather___35___rudebehavior.

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A)activatedI)probes

B)articulatesJ)random

C)assessmentK)recall

D)consecutiveL)relatively

E)cuesM)saturated

F)denyN)symptoms

G)discrepancyO)terminate

H)probably

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Each

statementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichthe

informationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwitha

letter.AnswerthequestionsbymakingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Whyweneedtinycolleges

A)We*reexperiencingtherebirthofsmallness.Farmersmarkets,tinyhomes,andbrewpubsallexemplify

ourloveofsmallness.Sodocharterschools,coffeeshops,andlocalbookstores.Smallisoften(butnot

always)moreaffordable,healthier,andsustainable,butitsfinestcharacteristic,theonethatturnscharm

intolove,isthatgoingsmallallowsustobemorefullywhoweare.

B)Inhighereducationthetrendismostlyintheoppositedirection:Universitieswith20,000or

30,000studentsareconsidered"mid-sized".Thenation*slargestuniversity,ArizonaStateUniversity,has

80,000studentsoncampusandaimstoenrollanother100,000studentsonline.Attheotherendofthe

spectrumisahandfulofcollegesthathavefewerthanahundredstudentsoncampusandnoonline

courses:collegessuchasSterlingCollege,ThomasMoreCollegeofLiberalArts,andDeepSprings

College.Thesecollegesaresosmallthattheycanonlybecalled"tiny.”

C)Tinycollegesfbcusnotjustonayoungperson'sintellect,butontheyoungpersonasawhole.Equally

important,tinycollegesask,nHowcaneducationcontributetohumanflourishingandthewell-beingof

theworld?"Andtheyshapeacollegeexperiencetoaddressthatquestion.Theyreplaceconcernsabout

institutionalgrowthwithattentiontothegrowthofstudentsasfullydevelopedparticipantsintheir

communities.

D)Pvehadtheprivilegeofteachingatthreedifferentinstitutionsofhigherlearningduringmycareer-asmall

liberalartscollegeandtwomid-sizedpublicuniversities.Pvealsobeenprofoundlydisappointedineach

oftheseinstitutions,andinmanyofmycolleagues,especiallywhenitcomestohelpingstudentsand

preparingthemfbrthemanyresponsibilitiesofadulthood.Administratorsfbcusonthebusinessof

runningauniversity,andmostfacultyfbcusontheirscholarshipandteachingtheirdiscipline.Little

deliberateattentionisgiventohowstudentsmatureasindividualsandsocialbeings.

E)Havingjustretiredfromteachingatapublicuniversity,PmnowreturningtomyhometownofFlagstaff,

Arizona,toestablishatinycollege——FlagstaffCollege.Pmconvincedthere'saneedfbranothertypeof

education,onedevotedtohelpingstudentscomeintotheirownandintothisbeautifulandtroubled

world.Youngpeopleneedaneducationthatwillprovidethemwithmeaning,hope,courage,and

passion,aswellasinformationandskills.Largeinstitutions,Ibelieve,areparticularlyill-suitedtothis

typeofeducation.

F)There'sno"bestof1listwhenitcomestotinycolleges,atleastnotyet.Butaroundthecountrypeopleare

creatingnewcollegesthatprovideanalternativetosmallliberalartscolleges,largepublicuniversities,

andonlineeducation.

G)Withonly26students,DeepSpringsisthesmallestcollegeinthecountryand,quitelikely,themost

atypical(非典型的).LocatedonaworkingcattleranchontheCalifornia-Nevadaborder,DeepSprings

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isaprivate,residential,two-yearcollegefbrmen,committedtoeducatingstudentsfor"alifeofservice

tohumanity.0Foundedbytheelectricitytycoon(大亨)L.L.Nunnin1917,DeepSprings"curriculum”

revolvesaroundacademics,labor,andself-governance.Inadditiontotheircourses,studentsarecharged

withrunningthe155-acreranchandoverseeingthefunctioningofthecollege.Studentschairboththe

admissionsandthecurriculumcommittees.

H)"Livinginclosecommunitywithone'steachersandfellowstudents,andbeingforcedtotakeonadult

responsibilities,makesfbrone'sgrowthasaperson,"saysWilliamHunt,whograduatedlastyear."To

existfbrverylonginacommunitylikethat,youhavetogetoverthequestionofwhetheryou're

sufficientlytalentedorprincipledandgetstartedworryingabouthowyoucanstretchyourselfandyour

peers,howmuchyoucanmanagetolearnwiththem.”

I)SterlingCollege,inCraftsburyCommon,Vermont,isalsoverysmall-fewerthan100students.Unlike

DeepSprings,Sterlingfocusesitscurriculumonenvironmentalandsocialjusticeissues,butlikeDeep

Springsitplacesahighvalueonpersonalresponsibilityandmanuallabor.Accordingtoitscatalog,a

collegeeducationatSterlingcombines"rigorousacademics,roll-up-your-sleeveschallenges,andgood

oldhardwork."

J)Theaveragetuitionatasmallliberal-artscollegeis$30,000to$40,000ayear,notincludingthecostof

livingoncampus,ascomparedto$8,000to$10,000ayearfbrtuitionaloneatapublicuniversity.Ofthe

tinycolleges,onlyDeepSpringsdoesn'tchargetuitionorroomandboard;studentspayonlyfbrbooks

andthecostoftravelingtoandfromcollege.Iftinyschoolsaretobecomeaplayeronthehigher

educationscene,theywillneedtofindawaytobetrulyaffordable.

K)Doingsomaynotbethatdifficultsolongastheydonotpatternthemselvestoocloselyonexisting

norms.We*vecometobelievethatagoodcollegeshouldhavemanyacademicprogramsandexcellent

facilities,posh(豪华的)dorms,anarrayofathleticprograms,andaworld-classstudentactivitycenter.

Imagineagoodcollegewithoutaclimbingwall!Wealsohaveacceptedtheideathatcollegepresidents,

andtheirmanyvice-presidents,shouldbepaidHketheircounterpartsinthebusinessworldandthat

highereducationrequiresanelaborate,up-to-datetechnologyinfrastructure.Allofthisdrivesupthecost

ofeducation.

L)The“trick”tomakingtinycollegesaffordable,ifthafstherightword,issimplicity.Atitscore,education

isahuman-to-humaninteraction.Reflectingonhisowncollegeeducation,PresidentGarfieldonce

commentedthatanidealcollegewouldconsistofnothingmorethanthelegendaryteacherMarkHopkins

ononeendofalogandastudentontheother.Theeconomicsofatinycollege,inotherwords,mightbe

similartothatofatinyhouse.Becauseitissmall,atinyhousecostslesstobuildandlesstofurnish,

insure,andmaintain.Buttheeconomicbenefitsofasmallhousedon*tendthere.Tinyhomesdiscourage

homeownersfrombuyingstuffthattheyreallydon'tneed,becausethere'snoplacetoputit.

M)Pmalateconverttotheideaoftinycolleges,andIfullyunderstandtheneedformanydiversetypesof

educationalinstitutions.Academicresearchandjobtrainingareimportant,buttinycollegesaren'tsuited

fbreither.Theeducationalneedsofacomplexsocietyarethemselvescomplex,andnosinglemodelcan

meetalloftheseneeds.ButPmnowconvincedthere*saneducationalneedthafsnowgoingalmost

completelyunmet:namely,theneedtohelpyoungpeopletransitionintoadulthood.Tinycollegescando

thisbetterthananyothertypeofeducationalinstitution.

N)Theultimatejustificationfbratinycollegeistheconvictionthateachofuscomesintoourfullhumanity

bycloseinteractionwiththosewhoknowandcarefbrus,andthatoneofthebasicpurposesofhigher

educationissocial.Althoughwegivelipservicetotheideathatacollegeeducationwillmakeusbetter

people,whenall'ssaidanddone,wethinkofhighereducationprimarilyineconomicterms.We*vecome

tothinkofhighereducationasameanstomakealivingratherthanmakealife.We*vealsocometosee

highereducationasaprivategoodratherthanapublicone.Tinycollegesarenottheanswertoallofour

educationalrequirements,butthey*reananswertooneofourmostbasiceducationalnecessities;theneed

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toproducethoughtful,engaged,andcompassionatehumanbeings.

36.OnetinyAmericancollegesituatedonacattlefarmisdevotedtoeducatingstudentstoservemankind

throughouttheirlives.

37.Muchtotheauthor'sdisappointment,thethreeinstitutionsofhigherlearningwhereshetaughtlargely

ignorestudents*growthassocialbeings.

38.Tinycollegesmustbemadeaffordableinordertoplayaroleinhighereducation.

39.Accordingtoarecentgraduatefromatinycollege,livingtogetherwithfacultyandfellowstudentsis

conducivetoastudent'sgrowthasaperson.

40.Ratherthangoingsmall,mostAmericanuniversitiesaretryingtogobig.

41.Inacertaintinycollege,rigorousacademicworkandtraditionalmanuallaborareintegrated.

42.Tinycollegesfocusoneducatingstudentstobecomewell-roundedcitizensinsteadofseekingtheirown

expansion.

43.Theessenceofeducationliesintheinteractionbetweenpeople.

44.Afterherretirement,theauthorhasdecidedtosetupatinycollegeinherhometown.

45.Tinycollegesarejustifiedasitisbelievedthatourgrowthintofullhumanitycomesthroughinteraction

withpeoplenearanddeartous.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinished

statements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B)fC)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebest

choiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ifyou'resomeonewhohasturnedtosnackingonjunkfoodmoreinthepandemic(大流行病),

you'renotalone.InvestigativereporterMichaelMosssaysprocessedfoodisengineeredtohookyou,

notunlikealcohol,cigarettes,orotherharmfulsubstances.His2013book,SaltSugarFat,exploredfood

companies*aggressivemarketingofthoseproductsandtheirimpactonourhealth.Inhisnewbook,

Hooked,Mossupdatesthefoodgiants*effortstokeepuseatingwhattheyserve,andhowthey're

respondingtocomplaintsfromconsumersandhealthadvocates.

Processedfoodisinexpensive,ifslegal,andifseverywhere.Companies*advertisingiscueingus

torememberthoseproductsandwewantthoseproductsconstantly.Sothefoodenvironmentisoneof

thosekeythingsthatmakesfoodevenmoreproblematicforsomanypeople.Memory,nostalgia(怀I日)

inparticular,playsabigroleinthefoodswecrave.Sodacompaniesdiscoveredthatiftheyputasodain

thehandsofachildwhenthey'reataballgamewiththeirparents,thatsodawillforeverbeassociated

withthatjoyousmoment.Laterinlife,whenthatchildwantstoexperienceajoyousmoment,they're

goingtothinkofsoda.Manypeopleseekcomfortinthesnackstheyrememberfromchildhood.

Mossexaminesthewaycompaniescapitalizeonourmemories,cravingsandbrainchemistryto

keepussnacking.

OneofthereasonsIcametothinkthatsomeofthesefoodproductsareevenmorepowerful,more

troublesomethandrugscanbeismemory.Whatweeatisallaboutmemory.Andwebeginforming

memoriesforfoodatareallyearlyage.Andwekeepthosememoriesforalifetime.Knowingthis,the

foodindustryspendslotsoftimetryingtoshapethememoriesthatwehavefortheirproducts.Oneof

thefeaturesofaddictionthatscientistsstudyingdrugaddictiondiscoveredbackinthe1990swasthat

thefasterasubstancehitsthebrain,themoreaptweareasaresulttoactimpulsively.There*snothing

fasterthanfoodinitsabilitytohitthebrain.ForMoss,thisputsthenotionofnfastfood"inanentirely

newlightasthisisn'tlimitedtofastfoodchains-almost90%offoodproductsingrocerystoresare

processedfoods.Everythingintheindustryisaboutspeed,frommanufacturingtopackaging.

Overall,Mossoutlinestheindustry*sdependenceonmakingtheirproductsinexpensive,super

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delicious,andincrediblyconvenientfbrconsumers.Nowthatmoreandmorepeoplecareaboutwhat

theyputintheirbodiesandarewantingtoeathealthier,thesecompaniesarefindingitreallydifficultto

meetthatnewdemandbecauseoftheirownaddictiontomakingtheseconveniencefoods.

46.InwhatwaydoesMichaelMossthinkprocessedfoodiscomparabletoalcoholandcigarettes?

A)Theyarealladdictive.C)Theyareallengineeredtobeenjoyed.

B)Theyareallnecessaryevils.D)Theyareallinincreasinglygreatdemand.

47.Whatdoestheauthorsayplaysakeyroleinthefoodswecrave?

A)Thefoodenvironment.C)Convenience.

B)Aggressivemarketing.D)Memory.

48.Whatdofoodcompaniesdotocapitalizeonconsumers*associationwiththeirfoodproducts?

A)Theystrivetoinfluencehowconsumersremembertheirproducts.

B)Theyattempttouseconsumers*long-termmemoriestopromoteaddiction.

C)Theytrytoexploitconsumers*memoriesfortheirproductsasearlyaspossible.

D)Theyendeavortofindwhatconsumersrememberabouttheirproducts.

49.Howdoesthefoodindustryoperatefrommanufacturingtopackaging,accordingtoMoss?

A)Placingtheideaoffastfoodinanentirelynewlight.

B)Settingnolimittothenumberoffastfoodchains.

C)Focusingonhowquicklytheworkisdone.

D)Prioritizingthequalityoftheirproducts.

50.Whyarecompaniesfindingitdifficulttosatisfyconsumers*demandfbrhealthierfoodproducts?

A)Theythinkspeedofproductionoutweighsconsumers*health.

B)Theybelievetheirindustrywouldperishwithoutfastfoods.

C)Theyhavetostrikeabalancebetweentasteandnutrition.

D)Theyarehookedonmanufacturingconveniencefoods.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Chimpanzees(黑猩猩)，humanbeings*closestanimalrelatives,shareupto98%ofourgenes.Yet

humansandchimpanzeesleadverydifferentlives.Fewerthan300,000wildchimpanzeesliveinafew

forestedcomersofAfricatoday,whilehumanshavecolonizedeverycomeroftheglobe.Atmorethan7

billion,humanpopulationdwarfsthatofnearlyallothermammals-despiteourphysicalweaknesses.

Whatcouldaccountfbrourspecies*incredibleevolutionarysuccesses?

Oneobviousanswerisourbigbrains.Itcouldbethatourrawintelligencegaveusanunprecedented

abilitytothinkoutsidethebox,innovatingsolutionstothornyproblemsaspeoplemigratedacrosstheglobe.

Butagrowingnumberofcognitivescientistsandanthropologists(人类学家)arerejectingthat

explanation.Theythinkthat,ratherthanmakingourlivingasinnovators,wesurviveandthriveprecisely

becausewedon'tthinkfbrourselves.Instead,peoplecopewithchallengingclimatesandecologicalcontexts

bycarefullycopyingothers.

Inafamousstudy,psychologistsVictoriaHomerandAndrewWhitenshowedtwogroupsoftest

subjects-childrenandchimpanzees-amechanicalboxwithatreatinside.Inonecondition,theboxwas

opaque,whileintheotheritwastransparent.Theexperimentersdemonstratedhowtoopentheboxto

retrievethetreat,buttheyalsoincludedtheirrelevantstepoftappingontheboxwithastick.

Oddly,thechildrencarefullycopiedallthestepstoopenthebox,evenwhentheycouldseethatthe

stickhadnopracticaleffect.Thatis,theycopiedirrationally:Insteadofdoingonlywhatwasnecessaryto

gettheirreward,childrenslavishlyimitatedeveryactionthey'dwitnessed.

Ofcourse,thatstudyonlyincludedthree-andfbur-year-olds.Butadditionalresearchhasshownthat

olderchildrenandadultsareevenmorelikelytomindlesslycopyothers*actions,andinfantsarelesslikelyto

over-imitate——thatis,topreciselycopyevenimpracticalactions.

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Bycontrast,chimpanzeesinthestudyonlyover-imitatedintheopaquecondition.Inthetransparent

condition-wheretheysawthatthestickwasmechanicallyuseless-theyignoredthatstepentirely.Other

researchhassincesupportedthesefindings.

Whenitcomestocopying,chimpanzeesaremorerationalthanhumanchildrenoradults.

Wheredoestheseeminglyirrationalhumanpreferenceforover-imitationcomefrom?Anthropologist

JosephHenrichpointsoutthatpeoplearoundtheworldrelyontechnologiesthatareoftensocomplexthat

noonecanlearnthemrationally.Instead,peoplemustlearnthemstepbystep,trustinginthewisdomof

moreexperiencedeldersandpeers.

Sothenexttimeyouhearsomeonearguingpassionatelythateveryoneshouldembracenonconformity

andavoidimitatingothers,youmightlaughalittlebit.We*renotchimpanzees,afterall