广东省广州市2022年高一《英语》下学期期末试卷与参考答案

广东省广州市2022年高一《英语》下学期期末试卷与参考答案第一部分：阅读第一节：阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AWomenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.TwelvewomenhavewontheNobelPrizeforscience,oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.Somewomenscientistsnevermarried,someworkedwiththeirhusbands,andothersraisedlargefamilies.Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.Intheearly1800sinEngland,MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognisedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.MaryandherfathercollectedfossilsintheirvillageonthesouthcoastofGreatBritain.Fossilsarepartsofplantsoranimalsthathavebeensavedinrocksformillionsofyears.Whenshewasonlytwelveyearsold,Marybecamethefirstpersontofindthealmostcompleteskeletonsofseveralanimalsthatnolongerexistedonearth.Shedidn’tbecomefamousforherdiscoveriesatthattimebecausesheoftensoldherfossilstogetmoneytosupportherfamily.In1891ayoungPolishwomannamedMarieSklodowskatravelledtoParistostudyphysics.ShedidsobecauseshecouldnotgetacollegeeducationinPoland.ShebeganworkinginthelaboratoryofamannamedPierreCurie.MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.TheyreceivedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsin1903alongwithanotherscientist.MarieCuriebecamethefirstpersontobeawardedasecondNobelPrizein1911,thistimeforchemistry.MarieCuriewasoneofthefewwomenatthetimewhobecamefamousasascientist.1.MaryAnningwasoneofthefirstwomento.A.researchanimalsandtheirbonesB.studythemysteryofallkindsofplantsC.wintheNobelPrizeforscienceaftergettingmarriedD.makeachievementsinthestudyoftheancienthistoryoftheearth2.WhatcanwelearnaboutMarieSklodowska?A.SheonlygotoneNobelPrizeduringherlifetime.B.Shemademanydiscoveriesaftershegotmarried.C.ShestudiedphysicsinPolandandgotacollegeeducation.D.ShereceivedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsin1903onherown.3.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Differentprizes. B.Ancientdiscoveries.C.Womenscientists. D.Successfulmarriages.答案：1.D2.B3.CBOverthenext20years,wearegoingtosendmoreandbetterrobotstoMars.Thoserobotswillsendbackbetterpictures,maps,samples,andweatherreports.Thereisalimittowhatrobotscantellus,though,soeventuallywewillhavetosendpeopletostudytheplanet.BeforepeoplecanvisitMars,weneedtoinventaspaceshipthatcantakeusthere.Marsisveryfaraway.DependingonwhereMarsandEarthareintheirorbits(轨道)aroundthesun,itcouldtakebetweensixmonthstoayeartogetthere.Themoonismuchcloser,andwewerethere,25yearsago.Overthenext10years,wearegoingtoworkonbuildinganewspacecraftthatcangotothemoon.Usingthiscraft,wewillpractisetheskillsweneedtogotoMars.Oncewegettothemoon,wearegoingtobuildastationsothatpeoplecanliveandworkonthemoonformonthsatatime.ThisisimportantsothatwehaveaplacetostartfromwhenwewanttovisitMars,butitisalsoimportantbecauseitgivesuspracticewithlivingawayfromEarth.Bythetimeyouareoldenoughtobeanastronaut,wewillhavepeoplespendingmonthsonthemoon.BythetimeyouareoldenoughtobeacommanderofaspacemissionwewillbetakingtripstoMars.Bythetimeyourkidsareoldenoughtobeastronauts,wemayhavepeoplelivingonMars.Wouldn’titbecooltogetapostcardfromsomeonewhowasbuildingahouseonMars?Wouldn’titbecoolerifitwasyouwhosentthepostcard?4WeeventuallyhavetosendpeopletoMarsbecause_________.A.thepicturesthatrobotshavesentbackarenotveryclearB.robotscan’ttellusallwewanttoknowC.robotsarecontrolledbyushumansD.thesamplesrobotshavesentbackarenotgoodenough5.FromthefirstparagraphwecanseethedistancebetweenEarthandMars________.A.isnotalwaysthesameB.isnearlythesameC.isunchangeableD.neverchangesverymuch6.Aspacestationonthemoonisimportantbecause________.A.peoplecanlearntoadapttolivingonotherplanetsB.peoplecanpractiseplantingcropsinitC.thenewspacecraftcanonlylandinitD.astronautscanpractiseskillstheyneedtogotoMars7.Theauthorofthepassage________.A.thinksthattripstothemoonareanunrealisticdreamB.encourageskidstobeastronautsC.hopestoreceiveapostcardfromMarsD.issurepeople’sdreamoflivingonMarswillcometrue答案：4.B5.A6.A7.DCTerryEvanshenwasoneofCanadianfootball’sgreatestreceivers.Heplayedeverydown(进攻)asifitwashislast.Thoughhehadmadegreatachievements,Terry’smemoriesofhisplayingdayshavebeencompletelylost.Itwasinthesummerof1988afterheretiredfromplayingthathiscareerinsaleswastakingoff.OnedayinJuly,Terry,onhiswayhomefromwork,hadaterriblecaraccident.Hewasknockedunconscious,andwithinminuteshewasrushedtothenearbyhospital.Threeweekslater,hewokeup.However,itbecameobviousthatTerry’sinjurieswerefarmoreseriousthanwhateverdamagehadbeendonetohisbody.Alifetimeofmemorieshadbeencompletelywipedclean.Hehadbeenallbutreducedtothelevelofababy;everythingfromhisabilitytotalkandwalktohisunderstandingofwhatitmeanttobeahusbandandafatherwasallgone.Atage44,TerryEvanshenwouldbestartingalloveragain.Luckilyhehadthesupportofhisfamily,helpedbysmallvictoriesandarenewedbondbetweenhimandhisthreedaughterslikewhentheytaughthimhowtoplayfootballagain.In1992,hisrecoveryreallybegantopickupsteam.Ithastakenyearstorebuildhisshattered(破碎的)life,buttoday,morethan20yearssincehisplayingdays,Terryisapopularpublicspeaker.Hetellshisstoryofperseverance(坚持不懈)andcourage.“Neverforget,we’reallinthisgameoflifetogether.Wewillgettothefinishingline,onedayatatime,onemomentatatime,butcelebratethejourney.Seizetoday,becauseyesterdayisgoneandisnevercomingback.”AsthesubjectofthemostwatchedCanadianmovieof2005,TheManWhoLostHimself,Evanshensayshisfamilyhasbeenhismostimportanttreasure.Herefusestobeavictim,sayingheisasurvivor.8.In1988,Evanshenwas.A.abusinessman B.apublicspeakerC.afootballplayer D.afatheroftwodaughters9.Afterthecaraccidenthappened,whatwastheworstthingforEvanshen?A.Hewouldneverdriveagain.B.Hecouldn’tstandupanymore.C.Hesufferedaseriousphysicalinjury.D.Helosthismemoriesandallhisability.10.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.TerryEvanshen’sLifeB.AGreatFootballPlayerC.TheManWhoLostHimselfD.What’saPerseveringPersonLike?11.WhichofthefollowingwordcanbethebesttodescribeTerryEvanshen’sstory?A.Admirable. B.Inspiring.C.Rewarding. D.Imaginary.答案：8.A9.D10.C11.BDThesituationoftheworld’splantsisnotgood.Onefifthofthekindsofplantsareindangerofdisappearing,accordingtoareport.“Plantsareveryvitaltohumanbeings,”saidKathyWillis,wholedthenewreport.“Plantsprovideuswitheverything—food,fuel,andmedicine,andtheyareveryimportantforourclimatecontrolling.Withoutplantswewouldnotbehere.”Thegoodnewsisthatdeforestationratesaroundtheworldhavedroppedlargelysincethe1950s.However,thisreportonthehealthofplantsaroundtheworldshowsthatthereismuchmoretobedone.Thereportpredictsthattherearenow390,900kindsofplants.Andabout21percentofthoseplantsareindangerofdisappearing.“Thegoodsideisthatwe’restilldiscoveringlotsofnewplants,about2,000eachyear,”saidDr.Willis.“Thebadsideisthatwe’veseenahugechangeinlandcover,mainlycausedbyculturalactivity,withalittlebitofclimatechangeinthereaswell.”Humanactivityhasagreateffectonthedangerofplantsdisappearing.Ashumanscutdownforeststomakeroomforagriculture,townsandcities,biodiversityislost.Thiscouldnotonlyaffectourownfoodsupplydirectly,butalsoaffectthefoodweb.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vital”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Useless. B.Friendly. C.Equal. D.Important.13.WhichofthefollowingdoesDr.Willisagreewith?A.Newplantsaremorethaneverbefore. B.Abouthalftheplantswilldisappearsoon.C.Manynewplantsarefoundeveryyear. D.Plantsmustn’tbeusedtoproducemedicine.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A.Wehavemadelittleprogress. B.Thereisalongwayforustogo.C.Wehaveachievedourgoal. D.Therewillbenothingwecando.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BiodiversityBeingLost B.HumanSocialActivityC.EnvironmentProtection D.NatureClimateChange答案：12.D13.C14.B15.A第二节：阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。PatrickModiano,thewinneroftheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2014,seemsless－knownamonggeneralChinesereaders.InDongQiang'sopinion,aprofessoratPekingUniversity,ModianohasbeenacelebratedwriterinFranceeversince.___16___WhatsurprisedhimwasthataFrenchwriterwasawardedtheNobel,sinceitwasonlysixyearsagothatanotherFrenchwriter,LeClezio,tooktheprize.BorninawesternParissuburbinJuly1945—twomonthsafterWorldWarⅡendedinEurope—ModianospentmostofhislifeinFranceandstudiedinParis,thetoppreparatoryschoolinFrance.RaymondQueneau,awriter,wasoneofhisteachersthere.___17___InthefirstinterviewModianogaveafterwinningtheNobel,heexplainedthatwritingforhimwasanaturalthingthathestartedquiteyoung,“___18___”Modianohaspublishedabout30works,includingnovels,filmscriptsandchildren'sbooks,sincehisfirstbook,LaPlacedel′toile,in1968.Modiano'sworksfocusontheoccupationofFranceduringWorldWarⅡ.___19___JinLongge,whohastranslatedthreebooksbyModianointoChinese,says,“___20___Buttheyarenotdetectivenovels,becausetheanswerstotheriddlessetoutinhisnovelsusuallyremainuntoldandthereaderislefttofindhisownanswers.”A.Hehadamajorinfluenceonhim.B.Hisworksreadlikedetectivenovels.C.Itwasnotasurprisethathewontheprize.D.It'ssomethingthat'sbeenpartofmylife.E.Theywillbepublishedinthecomingmonths.F.Theyinvitethereadertoseekidentitythroughmemoryandhistory.G.Manyofhisreaderscametoknowofhimandstartedtoreadhisworks.答案：16.C17.A18.D19.F20.B第二部分：语言运用第一节：阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ThisstoryhappenedwhenGandhijiwaspracticinglawinthecityofJohannesburginSouthAfrica.Hisofficewasthreemilesfromhis___21___.Onedayacolleagueofhis,MrPolak,askedGandhiji’sthirteen-year-oldson,Manilaltofetchabookfromtheoffice.ButManilal___22___forgottillMrPolak___23___himthatevening.Gandhijiheardaboutitand___24___Manilal.Hesaid,“Son,Iknowthenightisdarkandthewayislongandlonely.Youwillhaveto___25___nearlysixmilesbutyougaveyour___26___toMr.Polak.Youpromisedtofetchhisbook.Goandfetchitnow.”Thefamilywere___27___whentheyheardofGandhiji’s___28___.Thepunishmentseemedtoo___29___.Manilalwasonlyachild,thenightwasdarkandthewaywaslonely.Hehadonlyforgottenabook____30____.Itcouldbebroughtthenextday.Thiswaswhattheyallfelt,butnoonehadthe____31____tosayanything.TheyknewthatonceGandhiji’smindwasmadeup,nobodycouldchangeit.AtlastKalyanBhaigatheredupcourage.“I’llfetchthebook,”he____32____.Gandhijiwasgentlebut____33____,“ButthepromisewasmadebyManilal.”“Verywell,Manilalwillgobutletmegowithhim,”KalyanBhaipleaded(请求).GandhijiagreedtothisandManilal____34____withKalyanBhaitofetchthebook.ThekindandgentleGandhijicouldbefirmasarockattimes.HesawthatManilal____35____hiswordanddidashehadpromised.21.A.school B.hotel C.house D.station22.A.completely B.exactly C.hardly D.gradually23.A.scolded B.reminded C.invited D.encouraged24.A.camewith B.caughtup C.broughtup D.sentfor25.A.travel B.walk C.ride D.swim26.A.warning B.order C.word D.sign27.A.ashamed B.upset C.excited D.eager28.A.decision B.explanation C.cause D.situation29.A.gentle B.reasonable C.severe D.suitable30.A.rightaway B.afterall C.aswell D.forever31.A.courage B.interest C.method D.opportunity32.A.shouted B.offered C.agreed D.concluded33.A.firm B.honest C.impolite D.lucky34.A.setoff B.setaside C.setup D.setdown35.A.broke B.made C.kept D.carried答案：21.C22.A23.B24.D25.B26.C27.B28.A29.C30.B31.A32.B33.A34.A35.C第二节：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ecotourismiscommonlyregardedaslowimpact(影响)traveltoundisturbedplaces.Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome___36___(educate)abouttheareas-bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe___37___(develop)ofthelocalareas.Ecotourismhas___38___(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept___39___thelate1980s.Duringthattime,increasingenvironmentalawarenessmadeitdesirable.Dueto___40___growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes___41___tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.Actually,atrueeco-friendlytripmustmeetthefollowingprinciples:·Minimizetheimpactof___42___(visit)theplace.·Buildrespectforandawarenessoftheenvironmentandculturalpractices.·Provide___43___(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.·MakesurethatthetourismprovidesexperiencesforboththevisitorsandthehostsKomodoNationalPark,officiallyrecognizedin1980,ispopularforecotourismbecauseofitsuniquebiodiversity.___44___(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaim____45____(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.答案：36.educated37.development38.its39.until40.the41.of42.visiting43.financial44.Activities45.tohave第三部分：写作第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华,你的英国笔友Chris写信告诉你由于他常在手机上玩在线游戏上瘾,导致学习成绩下降,而且为此和父母发生了争吵,心里很烦恼。你回信劝说他正确解决这个问题。内容包括：1.表示理解：2.指出玩手机在线游戏上瘾的危害3.提出建议,例如跟父母亲好好沟通等。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。DearChris,I’msorrytohearthatyou’resufferingfromonlinegameaddiction.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua答案：DearChris,I’msorrytohearthatyou’resufferingfromonlinegameaddiction.IcompletelyunderstandhowyoufeelandI’mwritingtohelpyouwiththeproblem.Actually,long-timeexposuretoonlinegamesaffectsnotonlyyouracademicperformancebutalsoyourhealth.I’dliketoofferyousomesuggestions.Firstofall,startsomeotherhobbies,suchasreadingandworkingoutregularly,whichwilltakeyourmindoffthegameandhelpyouresistthetemptation.Besides,itisalsoanecessitytohaveaheart-to-heartconversationwithyourparents.Ihopetheseideascanhelpyougetridofyouraddictionassoonaspossible.Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua第二节47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Formanyyears,Ihadarecurringdream.Iwasalittlegirlagain,rushingabout,tryingtogetreadyforschool.“Hurry,you'llbelateforschool,”mymothercalledtome.“Iamhurrying,Mom!WhatdidIdowithmybooks?”DeepinsideIknewwherethedreamcamefrom.Itwasaboutsomeunfinishedbusinessinmylife.Asakid,Ilovedeverythingaboutschool.Ilovedbooks,teachers,testsandhomework.MostofallIlongedtosomedaymarchdowntheaisletoreceivemydiploma.Thatseemedmoreappealingeventhangettingmarried.Butat15,Ihadtodropoutbecausemyparentscouldn'taffordtuition.Myhopeofgettingadiplomawasdead,orsoIthought.Prettysoon,Imarriedandhadthreechildren,andIthought:“Theregoesmydiploma.”Evenso,Iwantedmychildrentobeeducated.ButLinda,ouryoungestchild,hadjuvenilearthritisinherhandsandknees,whichmadeitimpossibleforhertofunctioninanormalclassroom.IfeltsorryforherandIdidn'twanthertoliveherlifewithregret.Ididn'tgiveuphopeofherbeingbacktoschoolinsomeway.Oneday,Isawanadinthenewspaperforeveningcourses.“That'stheanswer,”Isaidtomyself.Lindaalwaysfeelsbetter