2022年广东省六校高考英语第四次联考试卷(附答案详解)

第=page22页，共=sectionpages22页第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022年广东省六校高考英语第四次联考试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）AAsanewly-addedOlympicsport,surfingisattractingmoreattentionthaneverbefore.HereisaselectionofthetopsurfingdestinationsacrossAmerica.

Delaware

CoastalDelawareoffersplentyoffunwavesalongtheshoreofseveralcutetowns.Duetothewavescrashingclosetotheshore,Deweybeachisalsoaglobalskimboardinghotspotandhappenstobetheeastcoastcapitalforthesport.Ifyou'replanningavisit,checkoutthepopular"SummerVibes"festivalforsomebeachfun.

AtlanticCity,NewJersey

Whenworld-famoussurferandOlympicGoldmedalistDukeKahanamoku,oftenreferredtoas"thefatherofsurfing,"visitedthemainlandUnitedStatesintheearly1900s,herodehislongboardoffthecoastofAtlanticCity.Thebeachesherearewideandbeautiful—andlocalscatchwavesyear-round.

TheRockaways,NewYork

LocatedashortdistancefromManhattan,TheRockawaysattractsnewandexperiencedsurfersfromacrosstheglobe.Besuretocomepreparedinwinterwithawetsuit,whilesummerbringsmuchwarmerwatertemperatures.Afterwards,explorethetownasthere'splentyofcafes,boutiques,andrestaurantsstepsfromthesand.

CocoaBeach,Florida

Situatedabout45minutesfromOrlando,CocoaBeachisarenownedsurftownthat'shometotwooftheworld'sbestsurfers（CarolineMarksandKellySlater）andafavoriteforsurfersofalllevels.Thisfamily-friendlytownhaslotsofactivitiesforeveryone.Whenyou'renotinthewater,youcanstrolltheHistoricCocoaVillageanditsshops,cafes,andgalleries.WhatisthemostsuitabletimeforsurferstoenjoybeachfuninDelaware？______A.January. B.August. C.October. D.December.WhatareyouadvisedtodointheRockaways？______A.SurfwithOlympicGoldmedalists.

B.Checkoutthesurfingfestivalforfun.

C.Exploretheancienttownonthebeach.

D.Getpreparedforthecoldwaterinwinter.Whichdestinationbestsuitsahousehold？______A.CocoaBeach. B.TheRockaways.

C.AtlanticCity. D.Delaware.B"Haveyoucheckedtheoilinthecar？"myfatherusedtosaytome,hisversionof"Hello,hopeyouarewell."Sometimesourphonecallswouldbeginwithaninquiryabouttheoilandendwithaninquiryabouttheoil,withnotalotinbetween.

Fathershavealotoflovetogive,butit'softensuppliedthroughthemediumofpracticaladvice.Theaffectionatephrase"Youmademylifebetterfromthemomentyouwereborn"mayberarelyheard,butthereisthemorecommon"I'llholdtheladderwhileyougettheleavesofftheroof."

Whycan'twefathersjustsay"Iloveyou"or"It'sgreattoseeyou"？Thepointis：That'sexactlywhatwearesaying.YoujusthavetotranslatefromthelanguagethatisFatherlish.Listencloselyenoughandthephrase"Iloveyou"canbeheardinthelengthier"IcouldcomearoundSaturdayandreplacethesiliconsealaroundthebaseofyourtoiletbecauseIreckonthatthingisgettingreallysmelly."

WhenIwas17，Iwentonmyfirstroadtrip.Myfatherstoodonthecornerinthepredawnofacoldmorningtobidusfarewell."Highwaysaredangerous,"hesaid,"sodon'ttryovertakinganythingfasterthanahorseandbuggy.Andtakeabreakeverytwohours.Andeverytimeyoustopforgas,youreallyshouldchecktheoil."Atthetimewethoughthisspeechwasfunnyandwouldchant"horse-and-buggy"everytimeIflooredtheaccelerator.

Dad'slonggonenow.Butafteralltheseyears,IrealizethathadIownedacopyoftheFatherlish-to-Englishdictionary,I'dhaveunderstoodthatthespeechmyfriendandIsocasuallymockedwassimplyDad'sattemptataffection.Accordingtothepassage,howdofathersusuallyshowtheiraffection？______A.Byinquiringtheirkids'car. B.Bydoingratherthansaying.

C.Byofferinghelpfuladvice. D.Byaccompanyingtheirkids.Whydoestheauthormentionhisfirstroadtrip？______A.Toexemplifytheuniqueparentalconcern.

B.Toprovidesomebackgroundknowledge.

C.Toexplainthereasonsformymocking.

D.Topresentmyfather'sfunnyspeech.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？______A.Myfatherhasgonesomewherefaraway.

B.Iregrettedmakingfunofmyfather'sspeech.

C.IownedacopyofFatherlish-to-Englishdictionary.

D.Myfather'sspeechgotacrosstomewhenIwas17.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthor'sfather？______A.Caringandconsiderate. B.Devotedandgenerous.

C.Talkativeandhumorous. D.Knowledgeableanddiligent.CAstudyof8differentexperimentsshowedthatourbrainstendtopreferadditionratherthanwhenitcomestofindingsolutions—inmanycases,itseemswejustdon'tconsiderthestrategyoftakingsomethingawayatall.

Theresearchersfoundthatthispreferenceforaddingwasnoticeableinthreesituationsinparticular：whenpeoplewereunderhighercognitive（认知的）load,whentherewaslesstimetoconsidertheotheroptions,andwhenvolunteersdidn'tgetaspecificreminderthatsubtractingwasanoption.Inoneoftheexperiments,participantswereaskedtoimproveaLegostructuresothatitwasabletotakemoreweight.Halfthevolunteerswereremindedthattheycouldtakeawaybricksaswellasaddthem,andhalfweren't.Inthegroupthatgotthereminder,61percentsolvedtheproblembytakingawayabrick—whichwasamuchfasterandmoreefficientwayofmakingthestructurestable.Inthegroupthatdidn'tgetthereminder,only41percentwentfortheremovingbricksapproach.

"Additiveideascometomindquicklyandeasily,butsubtractiveideasrequiremorecognitiveeffort,"sayspsychologistBenjaminConverse,fromtheUniversityofVirginia."Becausepeopleareoftenmovingfastandworkingwiththefirstideasthatcometomind,theyendupacceptingadditivesolutionswithoutconsideringsubtractionatall."

Theresearchershaveafewideasaboutwhatmightbegoingon.Ourbrainsmightfindadditivechangeseasiertoprocessperhaps,orwemightbeassociatingaddingwithideasofsomethingthat'sbiggerandthereforebetterinoursubconscious.Theremightalsobeassociationsinourmindswiththecurrentstatusbeingsomethingthatneedstobemaintainedasmuchaspossible—andtakingsomethingawayisarguablymoredestructivetothecurrentstatusthanaddingsomethingnew.

Theresearcherssaytheirworkisimportantinamuchbroadersense：forinstitutionslookingtostreamline（简化），forexample,andevenforthehumanracelookingforwaystobettermanagetheplanet'sresources.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"subtraction"inparagraph1referto？______A.Removal. B.Moderation. C.Refusal. D.Solution.Inwhichsituationdopeoplepreferadding？______A.Whentheyareunderhighpressure.

B.Whentheylackcognitiveability.

C.Whentheyarespeciallyreminded.

D.Whentheyarehurriedtodecide.Whatwereparticipantsrequiredtodointheexperiment？______A.Re-shapeLegobricks. B.TakeLegobricksaway.

C.MovetheLegostructure. D.StabilizetheLegostructure.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout？______A.Thewaystomakeadditivechanges.

B.Theeffectsoftakingsomethingaway.

C.Thereasonsforbrainspreferringaddition.

D.Theimportanceofmaintainingcurrentstatus.DEffortstopreservetheAmazonrainforest,whichsupportsimmensebiodiversityandlocksawaytonsofclimatethreateningcarbon,aregrowingmoreurgentastheecosystem'sdestructionaccelerates.Indigenous（当地的）peopleshavebeentryingtoprotecttheregionbypatrolling（巡逻）theirterritorialboundariesforillegalactivities.Butrapiddeforestationcontinues.

Arecentstudyshowsthatcombiningon-the-groundmonitoringwithsatellitedataandsmartphonetechnologycouldhelpputthebrakesonAmazondeforestation—andpotentiallythatofforestselsewhere.

Illegallogging,agricultureandcocacultivationparticularlythreatentheAmazoninthePeruvianIndigenouscommunitiesandoutsidersareoftentheculprits（罪魁祸首）.Theresearchteamwonderedifprovidingtrainingforlocalpeopletousesatellite-based"earlydeforestationalerts"couldhelp.Thescientistscollaboratedwith76Indigenouscommunities,36ofwhichparticipatedinusingthesealertstowatchovertheforest.Overthenexttwoyearsthesetrainedparticipantswerepaidtoworkasforestmonitorsandreceivedmonthlyalertsviatheappwhensatellitedataindicatedlocalforestlosses.Monitorsinvestigatedalerts,patrolledfordeforestationinotherareasandreportedconfirmedlossesbacktotheircommunities,whichdecidedwhethertodealwiththeculpritsontheirownorinformstateauthorities.

Theresearchersanalyzedthesameforest-losssatellitedatafromthegiventimeperiodinall76communities.Theyfoundtheearly-alertprogramreducedforestlossby8.4hectaresinthefirsttwoyear—a52%reductioncomparedwiththeaveragelossinthecontrolcommunities.

ExpertssaythisapproachtotacklingAmazoniandeforestationlookspromising."Wouldthisworkinallcommunitiesthathavehighriskofdeforestation？Giventheresults,it'sworthatry."saysCatherineTucker,aresearcherattheUniversityofFlorida."Butsomecommunitiesmaynothaveaccesstotheresourcesneededforsuchaprogram,ortheirterritoriesmayholdvaluablemineralsthatwouldincreasetheriskofdeforestationbyoutsidersdespitemonitoringefforts,"wroteFranciscoHernandezCayetano,acommunitymemberinvolvedintheresearch,"weasIndigenouspeoplesasktheworldforsupport."Whydidtheresearchteamconducttheprogram？______A.Tostopcarbonbeinglockedaway.

B.TotackleAmazondeforestation.

C.Tomonitorsatellitemovement.

D.Tocontrolillegalactivities.Howdoesthecommunity-basedmonitoringwork？______A.Byofferinglocalstraininginusingasmartphoneapp.

B.Bycombininglocalmonitoringwithsmartphonealerts.

C.Byorganizingnativepeopletofightagainsttheoutsiders.

D.Byequippinglocalforestwithsatellitedataandmonitors.WhatisCatherineTucker'sattitudetowardtheapproachtopreventingdeforestation？______A.Pessimistic. B.Objective. C.Approving. D.Conventional.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext？______A.LocalMonitorsTrainedforForestLoss.

B.SatelliteDataCureDeforestation.

C.OutsidersAretoBlameforForestLoss.

D.SmartPatrolFightsDeforestation.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）HowtoHaveanAttractivePersonalityBeingattractivecomesmorefromyourpersonalitythanyourappearance,anddemonstratinganattractivepersonalityiskeytohavinglastingrelationships.(1)Thefollowingtipshelpfosteryourabilitytofascinateothers.

•Laughatyourself.Ifyoumakeafoolofyourself,laughatyourselfinsteadoffeelingembarrassed.Itshowsthatyou'recomfortableinyourskin.Asenseofhumormakessomeonemoreengaginganddelightfultobewith.(2)Itisagreatice-breakerorstressreliever,butdon'truinaseriousconversationwithinappropriatejokes.

•Speaksincerely.Tellpeoplethetruth.Ifyoucan'tcommittosomething,it'sbettertobehonestaboutitthantohavetotellthemlastminutethatyoucan'tmakeit.Whenpeopleaskforyouropinion,youshouldbehonest.(3)Forinstance,ifyoudon'tlikeyourfriend'sshirt,respondwith,"Ireallylikeyouinblueinstead,"ratherthan,"Ihateit,it'sugly."

•(4)Ifyouseevalueinmakingotherslaughandkeepyourselfpositive,you'llbeahappierperson,makingothersdrawntoyouasaresult.Agreatwaytoremindyoutolaughmoreistohavedailyjokesonyourphoneoremail.Setthemforatimeofdaywhenyounoticeyourselfstarttofeeldrained.

•Haveconfidenceinyourbody.Youdon'thavetohavethe"perfectbody"tobeconfidentinit.Peoplewillbemoreattractedtoyouifyoudresswellandcarryyourselfwell.Ifyouneedalittleboost,placepost-itsaroundyourmirrorthatremindyouofthecharmingpartsofyourbody.(5)

A.Speakinapositiveway.

B.Makelaughingapriority.

C.Remember,thereisatimeandplaceforhumor.

D.Thereisdifferencebetweenbeingfrankandrude,though.

E.Focusontheseratherthanwhatyou'reself-consciousabout.

F.Actually,developingengagingpersonalitiesisnotthatfaroutofreach.

G.Buthavingcharmingappearanceisonlyskin-deepandfarfromenough.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）Alvin,66，wasdeepinthewoodsinGrandCanelastDecemberwhensomethinglikelitteronthegroundcaughthiseye.Itwasa(21)balloonwithanoteattached.

"DearSanta,"thenote(22)."MynameisLuna.Fouryearsold.ThisyearIhavebeen(23).Iwouldlikecandy,Spider-Manball,MyLittlePony.Withlove,Luna."

Alvin'shearthammeredinhischest.Itremindedhimofhischildhoodwish.Hesmiledandsetoutto(24)Luna'swish.HepostedaphotooftheballoonandtheChristmaswishlistonhisFacebookpage,askingforhelp(25)thesender.

Meanwhile,Gonzalez,themotheroffour-yearoldLuna,hadnoideathatsucha（n）(26)wasunderway.IthadbeenahardyearforherfamilyasCOVID-19spread.Ona(27)toughdaylastDecember,she(28)theideaofhavingLunasendalettertoSantabyreleasingaballoon.Theyenjoyeda(29)Christmastogether,andthenthecalendarturnedtoanewyear.

Oneday,GonzalezreceivedacallsayingthatsomeonehadfoundLuna'sballoon.Herjaw(30).SheloggedontoFacebookandsawAlvin's(31).ShecalledAlvinandfinallyagreedtoletAlvinfulfillherdaughter'swishlist.

"Santadroppedyourballoon(32)，"GonzaleztoldLuna,"butoneofhiselves（精灵）foundit."Notlongafterthat,Lunareceivedthreeboxes'worthof(33)withanotesigned"AlvintheElf."

Now,havingreceivedsomuch(34)，Gonzalezandhergirlintendtopayitforwardthisyear.Afterall,whenAlvincouldhavejust(35)thatballooninthetrash,hewentmorethantheextramile.

A.beautiful B.broken C.precious D.blown

A.printed B.wrote C.typed D.read

A.nice B.difficult C.demanding D.smart

A.fulfill B.spread C.make D.express

A.entertaining B.uniting C.reporting D.locating

A.preparation B.effort C.research D.game

A.temporarily B.relatively C.particularly D.naturally

A.cameupwith B.arguedabout C.putupwith D.jumpedat

A.healthy B.green C.modest D.grand

A.burst B.cracked C.broke D.dropped

A.post B.letter C.name D.photo

A.intime B.afterall C.byaccident D.onpurpose

A.candies B.gifts C.toys D.books

A.attention B.admiration C.popularity D.generosity

A.adopted B.stored C.thrown D.dragged四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）WintersportswerealreadypopularinChinaathousandyearsagointheformofBingxi（冰嬉），orplayonice.Bingxias(1)formofperformanceforthecourtbeganintheSongDynastyandreacheditspeakduringQing.ABingxipaintinginthecollectionofthePalaceMuseumportraysscenesofBingxiduringtheQingDynasty.Acloserlookatthepaintingwillshowthattherearemany(2)（similarity）betweenhowancientChinesepeopleenjoyedgamesoniceandmodernday(3)（compete）eventsattheWinterOlympicGames.

Inthepainting,theemperor,(4)（seat）insidehisicebed,waswatchingskaterscompete(5)（fierce）.Threetypesoficeskatingwereperformed,thefirstoneof(6)isspeedrace,similartomodernspeedskating.Participantsracedtotheemperor'sicebedfrom2to3kilometersaway.(7)reachedtheemperorfirstwonfirstprize.Thesecondisfigureskating.Jumps,spinsandpairworkmovescommoninmoderndayfigureskatingcanallbefoundinthepainting.Thethirdisthesocceronice.Participantsintwoteamsskated,kickedandtriedtoscoregoals.Ifthe"tool"forscoringgoals(8)（change）fromlegstosticks,itishighlycomparabletohockey.

Tothisday,theinterest(9)wintersportsinChinesepeoplehasneverdecreased.Eachwinter,inBeihaiandShichahaiofBeijing,peoplearestillenjoying(10)（they）formsofBingxi.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）你校上学期开展了一系列劳动实践课程，包括蔬菜种植、手工制作、家电维修等等。请你写一篇短文向校英文报投稿，内容包括：

1.你喜爱的课程；

2.你的心得体会；

3.对课程的建议。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

MyFavoriteHands-onCourse

IlovetoplaythepianoandIgreatlyenjoyperformingmysongs,sowhentheannualwinterrecitalwascanceled,Iwasdisappointed.Ihadlookedforwardtoitforalongtimeandhadalreadypreparedtwoofmybestsongs.

Mymomhadawonderfulidea,however,toturnthisdisappointingletdownintosomethingworthwhile."YoucanperformyoursongsatCarriageHouseSeniorLiving,"mymomsuggestedbrightly."I'msuretheseniorstherewhodonothavefamiliesvisitthemthatoften,wouldreallyappreciatethemusicandyoucouldplaymorethanjusttwosongs."

Iimmediatelythoughtthiswasagreatidea.OneofthethingsIdidnotlikeabouttherecitalswasthatIwaslimitedtoplayingjustacoupleofsongs.PlayingthepianoatCarriageHouseseemedlikeawin-winsituationbecausenotonlywouldIgettoplaymoresongs,butIwouldalsohavethechancetocheeruptheresidentstherewithsomelivelytunes.

MymomcalledCarriageHouseandmadearrangementsformetoperform.Inthecomingdays,IworkedespeciallyhardtopolishupfifteenpiecesthatIthoughtthecrowdwouldenjoy,includingmanyoldclassics.

Whenthemuch-anticipateddayfinallyarrived,myfamilyandIdrovetoCarriageHouse.Walkingthroughtheenormousdoubledoors,westeppedintoanentrywaythatoverlookedthespaciousgranddiningroom.Rightattheentrancetothediningroomstoodthepianoasifitwerejustwaitingtomakesomemusictoliventheplaceupabit.Atnearlyeverytableseveralgray-hairedwomenormenwereseatedenjoyingtheirdinnerandthecompanythatthecrowdedroomprovided.Despitetheconversationsgoingonatvarioustablesthough,isolationhunglikeadarkcloudintheroom.

Almostimmediately,weweregreetedbyanoldwomanwithawalkerwhointroducedherselfasPhyllisinchargeofCarriageHouse.Shewelcomedmeandledmetothestage.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

AsIsatdownonthebench,Ipressedakeyonthepianoandwassurprisedtohearnosound.

NervousnessmeltedawayandIstartedtoenjoytheperformancewiththeold.

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、D、A

【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据"Delaware"部分中的"Ifyou'replanningavisit,checkoutthepopular"SummerVibes"festivalforsomebeachfun."（如果你打算去旅游，可以去看看流行的"夏日氛围"节，享受一下海滩上的乐趣。）可知，在特拉华州的"夏日氛围"节，你可以享受海滩上的乐趣，根据节日名字可知，这是夏季举办的节日，结合选项可知，"August"（八月）属于夏季，由此可知，在特拉华州，冲浪者最适合在八月享受海滩乐趣。故选B项。

（2）D.细节理解题。根据"TheRockaways,NewYork"部分关键句"Besuretocomepreparedinwinterwithawetsuit,whilesummerbringsmuchwarmerwatertemperatures."（冬天一定要有备而来，带着防寒衣，而夏天的水温要高得多。）可知，如果你冬天到洛威克冲浪，因为水温较冷，要带着防寒衣，由此可知，在洛威克你被建议为冬天的冷水做好准备，带着防寒衣。故选D项。

（3）A.细节理解题。根据"CocoaBeach,Florida"部分关键句"Thisfamilyfriendlytownhaslotsofactivitiesforeveryone."（这个适合家庭的小镇有很多适合每个人的活动。）可知，可可海滩是个适合全家人一起旅行的地方，有很多适合每个人的活动，由此可知，可可海滩最适合一家人去旅行。故选A项。

本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要介绍了美国最热门的冲浪地点。

考查广告布告类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。

4~7.【答案】C、A、B、A

【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据文中"Fathershavealotoflovetogive,butit'softensuppliedthroughthemediumofpracticaladvice."（父亲们有很多爱可以给予，但通常是通过实用的建议来给予的。）可知，父亲是通过给作者提供许多使用的建议来表达他的爱。所以"Byofferinghelpfuladvice."（通过提供有用的建议。）符合题意。故选C项。

（2）A.推理判断题。根据第三段中"Whycan'twefathersjustsay"Iloveyou"or"It'sgreattoseeyou"？Thepointis：That'sexactlywhatwearesaying.YoujusthavetotranslatefromthelanguagethatisFatherlish."（为什么我们的父亲就不说"我爱你"或者"很高兴见到你"？其本质在于：这正是我们所说的。你需要从父亲式的语言中进行领悟。）可知，父亲们是在间接表达他们的孩子的关心；作者讲述自己17岁的那次旅行，目的就是为了表达父亲隐藏的爱。所以"Toexemplifytheuniqueparentalconcern."（举例说明父母特有的关心。）符合题意。故选A项。

（3）B.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Dad'slonggonenow.Butafteralltheseyears,IrealizethathadIownedacopyoftheFatherlish-to-Englishdictionary,I'dhaveunderstoodthatthespeechmyfriendandIsocasuallymockedwassimplyDad'sattemptataffection."（爸爸去世很多年了。但过了这么多年，我才意识到，如果我有一本父亲式语言的英语字典，我就会明白，我和朋友如此随意地嘲笑的那句话，只不过是父亲想表达爱意的一种尝试。）可知，作者在文中使用了虚拟语气"hadIowned…Iwouldhavedone"，可推断出作者是在表达一种遗憾和后悔情感。所以"Iregrettedmakingfunofmyfather'sspeech."（我后悔嘲笑父亲的话。）符合题意。故选B项。

（4）A.推理判断题。从文中"Haveyoucheckedtheoilinthecar？"（你检查过车里的油了吗？）；"Hello,hopeyouarewell."（希望你一切安好）；"I'llholdtheladderwhileyougettheleavesofftheroof."（去取屋顶上的树叶，我帮你扶着梯子。）等这些语言里，可知父亲对孩子很关心，并且为孩子考虑的很周到。所以"Caringandconsiderate."（关心和体贴。）符合题意。B.Devoted

and

generous敬业的，慷慨的；C.Talkative

and

humorous健谈的，幽默的；D.Knowledgeable

and

diligent知识渊博的，勤奋的。故选A项。

本文属于夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述了作者的父亲用实用的建议和实际行动来表达对作者的爱。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】A、D、D、C

【解析】（1）A.词句猜测题。根据划线词句前半部分Astudyof8dfferentexperimentsshowedthatourbrainstendtopreferaddition（一项由8个不同实验组成的研究表明，我们的大脑更倾向于选择增加。）以及后半部分whenitcomestofindingsolutions-inmanycases,itseemswejustdon'tconsiderthestrategyoftakingsomethingawayatall（在寻找解决方案时，在很多情况下，我们似乎根本没有考虑过减掉某样东西的策略。）说明在寻找解决方案时，人们的大脑更倾向于选择增加而没有考虑减掉某样东西的策略，从而推知划线部分"ratherthansubtraction（而不是subtraction）"其中划线词汇应为"减掉"的意思，选项A"消除"与之意义最为接近。结合选项A.Removal去除；B.Moderation适度；C.Refusal拒绝；D.Solution解决方法。故选A。

（2）D.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Theresearchersfoundthatthispreferenceforaddingwasnoticeableinthreesituationsinparticular：whenpeoplewereunderhighercognitive（认知的）load,whentherewaslesstimetoconsidertheotheroptions,andwhenvolunteersdidn'tgetaspecificreminderthatsubtractingwasanoption.（研究人员发现，这种选择增加的偏好在以下三种情况下尤为明显：当人们的认知负荷较高时，当人们没有时间考虑其他选择时，当志愿者没有得到明确的提示，减除是一种选项时。）中的"whentherewaslesstimetoconsidertheotheroptions"可推知，当人们没有时间考虑其他选择，需要匆忙决定时，人们更喜欢选择增加。故选D。

（3）D.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Inoneoftheexperiments,participantswereaskedtoimproveaLegostructuresothatitwasabletotakemoreweight.（在其中一个实验中，参与者被要求改进Lego积木的结构，使其能够承受更多的重量。）可知，实验要求参与者稳定Lego积木结构。故选D。

（4）C.段落大意题。根据第四段中的Ourbrainsmightfindadditivechangeseasiertoprocessperhaps,orwemightbeassociatingaddingwithideasofsomethingthat'sbiggerandthereforebetterinoursubconscious.Theremightalsobeassociationsinourmindswiththecurrentstatusbeingsomethingthatneedstobemaintainedasmuchaspossible-andtakingsomethingawayisarguablymoredestructivetothecurrentstatusthanaddingsomethingnew.（我们的大脑可能会发现增加的变化更容易处理，或者我们可能会在潜意识中将增加与更大更好的想法联系起来。在我们的脑海中可能还会有这样的联想：当前的状态是需要尽可能多地保持的，而拿走一些东西可能比增加一些新东西对当前的状态更具破坏性。）可知，本段主要讲了大脑喜欢增加的原因。故选C。

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究表明在寻找解决方案时，我们的大脑更倾向于选择增加而不是减除，并介绍了研究结果的意义。

考查科技类说明文。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。

12~15.【答案】B、B、C、D

【解析】（1）B．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句"Illegallogging,agricultureandcocacultivationparticularlythreatentheAmazoninthePeruvianIndigenouscommunitiesandoutsidersareoftentheculprits（罪魁祸首）.Theresearchteamwonderedifprovidingtrainingforlocalpeopletousesatellite-based"earlydeforestationalerts"couldhelp."（非法采伐、农业和可可种植尤其威胁到秘鲁土著群落的亚马逊地区，外来者往往是罪魁祸首。研究团队想知道，为当地人提供培训，让他们使用基于卫星的"早期毁林警报"是否会有所帮助。）可知，因为非法采伐、农业和可可种植等因素，亚马逊雨林面临着毁林问题，因此研究团队开展了基于卫星的"早期毁林警报"项目，看看是否能够有所帮助，由此可知，研究团队开展该项目的目的是解决亚马逊雨林的毁林问题。故选B项。

（2）B．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句"Overthenexttwoyearsthesetrainedparticipantswerepaidtoworkasforestmonitorsandreceivedmonthlyalertsviatheappwhensatellitedataindicatedlocalforestlosses.Monitorsinvestigatedalerts,patrolledfordeforestationinotherareasandreportedconfirmedlossesbacktotheircommunities,whichdecidedwhethertodealwiththeculpritsontheirownorinformstateauthorities."（在接下来的两年里，这些经过培训的参与者获得报酬，担任森林监测员，并在卫星数据显示当地森林损失时，通过应用程序每月收到警报。监测人员调查了警报，巡逻了其他地区的森林砍伐情况，并将确认的损失报告给他们的社区，由社区决定是自己处理问题，还是通知国家当局。）可知，森林监测员通过应用程序每月收到警报，再根据警报提示确认森林砍伐情况，并报告给社区，由此可知，基于社区的监测是通过将本地监控与智能手机警报相结合进行工作的。故选B项。

（3）C．情感态度题。根据最后一段关键句"ExpertssaythisapproachtotacklingAmazoniandeforestationlookspromising."Wouldthisworkinallcommunitiesthathavehighriskofdeforestation？Giventheresults,it'sworthatry."saysCatherineTucker,aresearcherattheUniversityofFlorida."（专家表示，这种解决亚马逊森林砍伐问题的方法看起来很有希望。佛罗里达大学的研究员CatherineTucker说："这对所有森林砍伐风险高的社区都有效吗？鉴于结果，值得一试。"）可知，CatherineTucker认为这种解决亚马逊森林砍伐问题的方法在其他地区也值得一试，由此可知，CatherineTucker对这种方法是赞成的态度。A.Pessimistic.悲观的；B.Objective.客观的；C.Approving.支持的；D.Conventional.传统的。故选C项。

（4）D．标题判断题。通读全文，结合文章第二段内容"Arecentstudyshowsthatcombiningon-the-groundmonitoringwithsatellitedataandsmartphonetechnologycouldhelpputthebrakesonAmazondeforestation—andpotentiallythatofforestselsewhere."（最近的一项研究表明，将地面监测与卫星数据和智能手机技术相结合，有助于遏制亚马逊地区的森林砍伐，并可能遏制其他地区的森林砍伐。）可知，本文主要介绍了一种有助于遏制亚马逊地区的森林砍伐的新方法，那就是将地面监测与卫星数据和智能手机技术相结合，将本地监控与智能手机警报相结合的智能巡逻的方法，D项"SmartPatrolFightsDeforestation（智能巡逻与森林砍伐作斗争）"作为题目最合适。故选D项。

这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一种有助于遏制亚马逊地区的森林砍伐的新方法，那就是将本地监控与智能手机警报相结合的智能巡逻的方法。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

16~20.【答案】F、C、D、B、E

【解析】（1）F．推理判断题。根据上文"Beingattractivecomesmorefromyourpersonalitythanyourappearance,anddemonstratinganattractivepersonalityiskeytohavinglastingrelationships.（魅力更多地来自于你的个性而不是外表，展现有魅力的个性是拥有持久关系的关键。）"可知，上文介绍了拥有迷人的个性的重要性，F项"Actually,developing

engaging

personalities

is

not

that

far

out

of

reach."（事实上，培养迷人的个性并非遥不可及。）选项能够承接上文，选项中的"engagingpersonalities"和上文的"attractivepersonality"相呼应，其能引起下文，下文介绍的正是如何拥有迷人的个性。故选F。

（2）C．联系下文题。根据下文"Itisagreatice-breakerorstressreliever,butdon'truinaseriousconversationwithinappropriatejokes.（这是一个很好的破冰或减压方法，但不要用不恰当的笑话破坏严肃的对话。）"可知，下文的例子告诉我们，幽默感很重要，但也要分时间和地点，不要用不恰当的笑话破坏严肃的对话，C项"Remember,there

is

a

time

and

place

for

humor."（记住，幽默是有时间和地点的。）选项能够引起下文，下文的例子正是对选项内容的举例说明。故选C。

（3）D．联系下文题。根据下文"Forinstance,ifyoudon'tlikeyourfriend'sshirt,respondwith,"Ireallylikeyouinblueinstead,"ratherthan,"Ihateit,it'sugly."（例如，如果你不喜欢你朋友的衬衫，用"我真的很喜欢你穿蓝色的衣服"，而不是"我讨厌它，它很难看。"）"可知，下文的例子告诉我们，真诚很重要，但也要注意尺度，真诚和粗鲁是有区别的，D项"There

is

difference

between

being

frank

and

rude,though."（不过，真诚和粗鲁是有区别的。）选项能够引起下文，下文的例子正是对选项内容的举例说明，"我讨厌它，它很难看。"正是一种粗鲁的表达方法。故选D。

（4）B．联系下文题。根据下文"Ifyouseevalueinmakingotherslaughandkeepyourselfpositive,you'llbeahappierperson,makingothersdrawntoyouasaresult.（如果你看到了让别人笑并让自己保持乐观的价值，你会成为一个更快乐的人，从而让别人被你吸引。）"可知，本段内容介绍的是笑在生活中的重要性，B项"Make

laughing

a

priority."（把笑放在第一位。）选项能够概括段落主旨，笑在生活中对我们自己和他人都很重要，它会使你成为一个更快乐的人，从而让别人被你吸引。故选B。

（5）E．联系上文题。根据上文"Youdon'thavetohavethe"perfectbody"tobeconfidentinit.Peoplewillbemoreattractedtoyouifyoudresswellandcarryyourselfwell.Ifyouneedalittleboost,placepostersaroundyourmirrorthatremindyouofthecharmingpartsofyourbody.（你不一定要有"完美的身体"才能自信。如果你穿着得体，举止得体，人们会更喜欢你。如果你需要一些激励，在镜子周围贴上海报，提醒自己你身体拥有的迷人的部位。）"