河南省2023年中考英语模拟试卷及答案汇总二

河南省2023年中考英语模拟试卷及答案汇总二一、阅读理解阅读理解Stopwastingfood!ActivityupdateTheactivitytoreducefoodwastehasjustentereditsthirdweek，andwe'realreadyseeingsomegreatresults.We'dlikeeverystudentandteachertojoinintheactivityatschoolandathome，soifyouhaven'tstartedyet，readonandjoinin!StopwastingfoodatschoolAccordingtoschoollunchdirectorMargeKaplan，"thechildrenaremakingabigefforttothinkinasensiblewayaboutthefoodtheyputontheirplates.Wenowhaveabout15%lesswasteandwethinkthispercentagewillgrowasmorechildrenjoinintheactivity."Theschoolcanteennowofferstwosizesforallmainmeals：smallandlarge.Thisweekthey'llreplacesinglebreadrollswithslicesofbread.Youcantakeasmanyslicesasyouwant，butoneatatimetosavewaste.StopwastingfoodathomeEveryyear，wewasteaboutathirdofourfood.Alotofthiswasteiscereals，fruitandvegetables.IntheUK，morethan97%ofwasteendsupinalandfillsite.That'salot!CometoaspecialmeetingwithsupermarketownerCarlosRodrigueztolearnhowwecansavefoodandmoneyathome!Activitymeeting!HowtosavefoodandmoneyathomeWhen：Friday12May，5-6p.m.Where：SchoolhallWho：CarlosRodriguezWhat：Toptipsonhowtostorefood，measuresensibleportionsizesandcooktastymealsfromleftoversStudentsandfamilieswelcome!1．Howlonghastheactivitylasted？____A．Forthreeweeks. B．Fortwoweeks.C．Ithasjuststarted. D．Wedon'tknow.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sensible"meaninthearticle？____A．可感觉的 B．过量的 C．明智的 D．有意识的3．WhatdoesMargeKaplanthinkoftheresultoftheactivity？____A．It'sdisappointing. B．It'sembarrassing.C．It'ssatisfying. D．It'sperfect.4．WhatwillNOTbetalkedaboutinthemeeting？____A．Whattochoose-breadrollsorslicesofbread.B．Howtokeepfood.C．Thewaytomeasurethesizesoffoodweneed.D．Howtouseleftoverstomakedeliciousfood.5．Whereisthetextprobablyfrom？____A．Afashionmagazine. B．Aschoolwebsite.C．Alocalguidebook. D．Anewspaperaboutfood.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。"Class，thisisJohnEvans，"Mrs.Parmeleannounced，tryingtosoundenthusiastic.Wesawaboyinworn-outclothesandshoeswithholesandpatches.Johnlookedaroundandsmiled，hopingsomebodywouldsmileback.Nobodydid.Hekeptonsmilinganyway.Iheldmybreath，hopingMrs.Parmelewouldn'tnoticetheemptydesknexttomine.Shedid，andpointedhiminthatdirection.Helookedoveratmeashesatdown，butIlookedaway.Bytheendofhisfirstweek，Johnwasatthebottomofourschool'ssocialladder."It'shisownfault，"Itoldmymotheroneeveningatdinner."Hehardlyevenknowshowtocount."AsIatelunchwithhimthenextdayandlistenedtohim，however，IrealizedthatJohnwasactuallypleasanttobearound.Afterlunch，IdecidedthatIwouldbeJohn'sfriend.Onenight，asMothercameintomybedroom，Isaid，"Mom，tomorrowisJohn'sbirthday，andhe'snotgoingtogetanything.Nobodyevencares.""Don'tworry，"Momsaidasshekissedmegoodnight."I'msureeverythingwillbefine."IwishedJohnahappybirthdaythefirstthinginthemorning，andhewasgladIhadremembered.Intheafternoon，asMrs.Parmelewaswritingontheblackboard，Iheardafamiliarvoicesingingthebirthdaysong.Momentslater，Mothercamethroughthedoorwithatray（托盘）ofcakes.Shewasalsotakingapresentinherhand.Mrs.Parmelejoinedin.MotherfoundJohnlookinglikeadeerintheheadlights.Sheputthecakesandthegiftonhisdeskandsaid，"Happybirthday，John."Johnkindlysharedhiscakeswiththeclass，takingthetrayfromdesktodesk.IcaughtMotherwatchingme.Shesmiledandwinked（眨眼）.6．Whydidn'ttheclasssmilebackatJohnatthebeginning？____A．Probablybecausehecouldn'tcount.B．Probablybecausetheydidn'tknowhim.C．Probablybecausehelookedunfriendly.D．Probablybecausehelookedpoor.7．Whatcanweinfer（推断）fromthetext？____A．Johnbecamepopularsoon.B．Johndidn'thavemanyfriendsintheclass.C．MotheraskedmetobefriendlytoJohn.D．"I"learnedalotfromJohn.8．HowmightJohnfeelwhenhelookedlikeadeerintheheadlights？____A．Surprisedandproud.B．Upsetandanxious.C．Surprisedandunabletospeak.D．Frightenedandangry.9．WhatwasMotherlike？____A．Humorousandeasygoing. B．Strictandserious.C．Quietandoutgoing. D．Kindandwarm-hearted.10．Whatisthebesttitleofthestory？____A．HowImetJohn B．ThenewstudentC．Specialfriend D．Happybirthday，John.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。Howlongdoesayearlast？Childrenmightsaythatayearlastsforever.Butyourparentsmightsaythatawholeyearcanpass"intheblinkofaneye".Whydoestimeseemtopassfasteraswegetolder？AccordingtoscientistsfromDukeUniversity，US，ourbrainsdegrade（退化）andchangeovertime.Thisphysicalchangecausestherateatwhichwetakeinanddealwithnewinformationtofalldown.Babies，forexample，movetheireyesmuchmoreoftenthangrown-upsbecausethey'redealingwithimagesatafasterrate，AdrianBejanfromtheuniversitytoldtheDailyMail.Theytakeinalotofinformationanddomanythingsinasingleday.Thismakesthemfeellikeasingledaylastsforalongtime.However，aspeople'sbrainsdegradeovertime，fewerimagesaredealtwithinthesameamountoftime.Therefore，olderpeoplereceivelessinformationduringadaythanyoungerpeople.Thiscausesthingstoseemasifthey'rehappeningmorequickly.What'smore，peoplemayalso"feel"timedifferentlyduetopsychological（心理的）reasons.Peoplemaymeasuretimebythenumberofmemorableeventsthatcanberecalledwithinacertainperiod.Haveyouevernoticedthatwhenyourecallyourfirsts（firstdayofschool.firstfamilyvacation，etc.），theyseemtobeinslowmotion!That'sbecausewhensomethingisa"first"，therearemanyexcitingthingstoremember.Recallingthesememoriesmakesyoufeelliketheytookforever，accordingtoDavidEaglemanoftheBaylorCollegeofMedicineintheUS.Formanygrown-ups，lifeismadeupofdailythings.Whentheylookbacktheymightfeelliketherearenotmanyinterestingthingstoremember.Therefore，timeseemstobemovingfastertothem.11．Whatdoesthephrase"intheblinkofaneye"meaninthefirstparagraph？____A．Quickly. B．Slowly. C．Unexpectedly. D．Directly.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"referto？____A．Brains. B．Images.C．Youngerpeople D．Things.13．WhatdoesthewritermainlytrytotellusinParagraph6？____A．Weshouldvalueourmemoriesaboutthefirsts.B．Howthefirstsaffectoursensesabouttime.C．Thefirstsarefullofexcitingandmemorablethings.D．DavidEaglemanfoundoutsecretsaboutourmemories.14．Whatisthestructureofthisarticle？____A．A B．B C．C D．D15．Whatisthepurposeofthisarticle？____A．Toaskpeopletovaluethetime.B．Toexplainwhypeoplefeeltimedifferentlyatdifferentages.C．Toexplainwhyyoungerpeoplereceivemoreinformation.D．Toadvisepeopletovaluetheirexperiences.任务型阅读TherearesomepopularfamilyvideosthatarebeingpostedonChinesesocialmediathesedays.16．Theparententerstheroomsmiling，turnsaroundandcallsouttotheirownparent；thegrandparentthenenterssmilingandcallsouttotheirparent-thegreat-grandparent.Theformat（形式）ofthesevideosisbeingdescribedasthe"four-generationchallenge".ItstartedonChineseshort-videoplatformandhassincespreadtosocialmediainothercountries.17．"IhavetogivethattoChina.Familydevotionisusuallyastrongvalue，"wroteoneFacebookuserAntonieYupud.The"four-generation"videoshavenotonlytouchedforeignviewers，butalsogiventhemadeeperlookintoChinesefamilyvalues.InmostEastAsiancultures，itiscommonformanygenerationsofasinglefamilytolivetogetherunderoneroof.18．InmostWesterncountries，mostfamiliesarenuclearfamilies（小家庭），orfamiliesthataremadeupofjustchildrenandtheirparents.InWesternculture，privacyandindependencearehighlyvalued.19．Manyofthemapplyforloansandworkpart-timejobsinordertopayforcollegeandrent.Iftheychoosetocontinuelivingwiththeirparentsafterbecominganadult，itcanbeseenasasignofimmaturity（不成熟）orfailure.20．Thatmightbewhythe"four-generation"videoshavewonsomanyheartsaroundtheworld.A.Kidsusuallymoveoutofthehouseaftertheyturn18.B.Thisiscalledanextendedfamily.C.Inthesevideos，ayoungchildcallsouttotheirmotherorfather.D.AlthoughfamilystructuresintheEastandWestmaydiffer，thelovebetweenfamilymembersiscommon.E.Peoplefromallovertheworldhavecommentedonthem.二、完形填空完形填空Ateacherdecidedtoletherclassplayagame.Theteachertoldeachchildintheclasstobringaplasticbagwithafew21．.Eachpotatowillbegivenanameofapersonthatthechild22．.Sothenumberofpotatoeswoulddependon23．peoplehe/shecannotforgive（宽恕）.Thenextday，everychildbroughtsomepotatoes24．thenameofthepeopleheorshehated.Somehadjustoneortwopotatoes25．othershadasmanyasfiveorsix.Theteacherthentoldthechildrenthattheywouldhavetocarrytheirpotatoeswiththemwherevertheywentfor26．Severaldays27．.Somechildrenstartedtocomplain，astheirpotatoesbegantorot（腐烂）and28．bad.Thosechildren29．carriedmorepotatoesalsocomplainedabouthow30．theirbagswere.Afteroneweek，thegamewasover.Theteachersimplysmiledandsaid："Thisis31．whatit'sliketocarryhatredinyourheart.Youhavetocarryitwithyouwhereveryougo.Theburden（负担）ofhatredwill32．yourheartandyouwill33．carryinganunnecessaryburdenwithyou.Ifyoucannottoleratethesmellofrottenpotatoesforjustoneweek，canyou34．whataburdenitwouldbetohavethehatredinyourheartforyourlifetime？"Itcanbe35．tocarryhatredinyourheartforawholelifetime.Forgiveothersandmoveonwithyourlife.21．A．candies B．books C．games D．potatoes22．A．admired B．disliked C．liked D．trusted23．A．thenumberof B．anumberofC．numbersof D．plentyof24．A．for B．on C．with D．above25．A．when B．while C．as D．because26．A．oneday B．severaldaysC．onemonth D．oneweek27．A．droppedby B．wentoff C．tookoff D．passedby28．A．smelled B．looked C．tasted D．felt29．A．what B．which C．who D．those30．A．many B．much C．heavy D．large31．A．especially B．exactly C．finally D．unexpectedly32．A．pollute B．fill C．amaze D．weigh33．A．giveup B．takeup C．endup D．stayup34．A．believe B．imagine C．agree D．wonder35．A．sad B．crazy C．angry D．tiring选词填空please；down；sense；offer；give；in；such；tired；what；difficultAlbertEinsteinwasregardedtobeagenius.Thisstoryabouthimshowsthathenotonlywassmartbutalsohada36．ofhumour.Einsteinoftenreceivedinvitationstoexplainhistheoriesatdifferentuniversities.Onthesetrips，hisdriverHansoftensaidtohim，"It'sa（2）37．todriveageniuslikeyou，DrEinstein."Oneevening，ontheirwaytoauniversity，Einsteinsaid，"I'mso38．.IwishIcouldavoid39．mylecturetonight，Hans，butIdon'twanttoletmyaudience40．.""Iknow41．todo，"saidHans."Icangivethelectureforyou.I'velistenedtoyourlecturesomanytimesthatI'velearntitbyheart.Nooneknowsyouatthisuniversity，sotheywon'tfindout."So，theychangedplaces.Attheuniversity，Hanswasguidedtothefrontofthehall.Einsteintookaseat，listenedtoHansgivehislecturewithout42．，andjoinedintheapplauseattheend.However，beforeHansleft，amanshouted，"I'dliketoaskyouaquestion."HethenaskedaquestionsodifficultthatHanshadnoideawhathewastalkingabout.Einsteinturnedpale."Ohno!"hethought."Nowwe're43．trouble."ButHansjustlaughedandsaid，"That's44．aneasyquestionthatevenmydrivercananswerit.Hans，please..."Einsteinstoodupandansweredthequestionperfectly.Theylefttheuniversity，withEinsteindriving.Alittlelater，Hans45．todrive."No，"laughedEinstein."It'smyhonortodriveageniuslikeyou，Hans."短文填空Lunarcalendarsdependonthepositionofthemoon，46．thedateofthenewyearchangeseachyear.LunarNewYear47．usuallycelebratedinJanuaryorFebruary.TherearemanyLunarNewYeartraditions.Forexample，inVietnam，peoplebelieve48．thefirstpersontoentertheirhomeinthenewyearwilldecidetheirluckforthenextyear.InKorea，familiesoftencelebratethisfestival49．playingtraditionalboardgamestogether.InChina，manypeoplehavefirecrackers，50．burnandmakealoudnoise.Inthestreets，dancersdressupasalionoradragon.Theydancetomusicanddrums.Allthecelebrationsareaboutwishingeveryonegoodthingsforthenextyear.HappyLunarNewYear!补全对话A：Congratulations!Youwonthefirstplaceinthishandicraft（手工）competition.B：Thankyou!A：51．？Ican'twaittoseeit!B：Ofcourse!Thisismyartpiece!A：Itlookssofantastic!Ican'tbelieveitwasmadebyateenager.52．？B：Itismadeofironandothermaterialsfromoldcars.A：53．？B：Ittookmeabout2weeks.Withthehelpofmyartteacher，Ifinallymadeit.A：Youarereallycreative!Whydidyouusetheoldthingsinsteadofbuyingnewmaterialstomakeit？B：54．A：Thatsoundsgreat!Ialsowanttolearnhowtomakeartpieceswiththeoldthings.55．？B：Sure，I'dliketo.Ihopemorepeoplecantakeactiontorecycleandreuseoldthings.三、书面表达56．回首过往，在生活、学习中你一定经历过一些困难与挑战，然而正是这些经历使你进步、让你成长、促你改变。请选取最难忘的一次往事写一篇文章。要点：

（1）你遇到的困难及感受是什么；

（2）你是如何克服这次困难的；

（3）这件事使你有什么改变。要求：

（1）文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。

（2）词数100左右。

答案解析部分【答案】1．B2．C3．C4．A5．B【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了如何在学校和家里停止浪费食物。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，词义猜测题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意。1．推断题。根据Theactivitytoreducefoodwastehasjustentereditsthirdweek减少食物浪费的活动刚刚进入第三周，可知活动持续了两周，故选B。2．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子Wenowhaveabout15%lesswasteandwethinkthispercentagewillgrowasmorechildrenjoinintheactivity我们现在的浪费减少了约15%，我们认为随着越来越多的儿童参与这项活动，这一比例还会增加，可知是明智的方式，故sensible意思是明智的，故选C。3．推断题。根据AccordingtoschoollunchdirectorMargeKaplan，"thechildrenaremakingabigefforttothinkinasensiblewayaboutthefoodtheyputontheirplates.Wenowhaveabout15%lesswasteandwethinkthispercentagewillgrowasmorechildrenjoinintheactivity根据学校午餐主管MargeKaplan的说法，"孩子们正在努力以合理的方式思考他们放在盘子里的食物。我们现在的浪费减少了约15%，我们认为随着越来越多的孩子加入这项活动，这一比例还会增加，可知，MargeKaplan认为这次活动的结果令人满意，故选C。4．细节题。根据What：Toptipsonhowtostorefood，measuresensibleportionsizesandcooktastymealsfromleftovers内容：关于如何储存食物、测量合理的份量以及用剩菜烹制美味饭菜的最佳技巧，可知会议中不会谈论选择面包卷或面包片，故选A。5．推断题。根据表格中的Stopwastingfood!Activityupdate.Theactivitytoreducefoodwastehasjustentereditsthirdweek，andwe'realreadyseeingsomegreatresults.We'dlikeeverystudentandteachertojoinintheactivityatschoolandathome，soifyouhaven'tstartedyet，readonandjoinin!（停止浪费食物！）Studentsandfamilieswelcome!欢迎学生和家人！活动更新。减少食物浪费的活动刚刚进入第三周，我们已经看到了一些很好的结果。我们希望每个学生和老师都能在学校和家里参加这项活动，所以如果你还没有开始，请继续阅读并加入，及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了如何在学校和家里停止浪费食物。因此本文可能来自学校网站，故选B。【答案】6．D7．B8．C9．D10．C【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了作者的妈妈和帕梅尔给了约翰过了一个生日。这次生日对约翰于是一个特别的礼物，约翰对作者来说，是一个特别的朋友。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。6．推断题。根据Wesawaboyinworn-outclothesandshoeswithholesandpatches.Johnlookedaroundandsmiled，hopingsomebodywouldsmileback.Nobodydid.Hekeptonsmilinganyway我们看到一个男孩穿着破旧的衣服和有洞有补丁的鞋子。约翰环顾四周，笑了笑，希望有人能报以微笑。但没有人这样做。不管怎样，他一直在微笑，可推断出全班同学一开始没有对约翰报以微笑，可能是因为他看起来很穷。故选D。7．推断题。根据Mom，tomorrowisJohn'sbirthday，andhe'snotgoingtogetanything.Nobodyevencares.妈妈，明天是约翰的生日，他什么都得不到。没人在乎他，可推断出约翰在班上没有很多朋友。故选B。8．推断题。根据第六段MotherfoundJohnlookinglikeadeerintheheadlights.Sheputthecakesandthegiftonhisdeskandsaid，"Happybirthday，John."Johnkindlysharedhiscakeswiththeclass，takingthetrayfromdesktodesk母亲发现约翰在车灯下看起来像只鹿。她把蛋糕和礼物放在他的桌子上，说："生日快乐，约翰。"约翰亲切地和全班同学分享他的蛋糕，把托盘从一张桌子拿到另一张桌子，可推断出约翰看到有人给他过生日，惊讶道说不出话。故选C。9．推断题。根据Don'tworry，"Momsaidasshekissedmegoodnight."I'msureeverythingwillbefine"别担心，"妈妈吻别我说。"我相信一切都会好起来的，以及Momentslater，Mothercamethroughthedoorwithatray（托盘）ofcakes.Shewasalsotakingapresentinherhand过了一会儿，妈妈端着一盘蛋糕进来了。她手里还拿着一件礼物，可推断出妈妈是个善良、热心的人。故选D。10．主旨题。通读全文，根据第四段AsIatelunchwithhimthenextdayandlistenedtohim，however，IrealizedthatJohnwasactuallypleasanttobearound.Afterlunch，IdecidedthatIwouldbeJohn'sfriend第二天，当我和他一起吃午饭，听他说话的时候，我意识到约翰实际上是一个很讨人喜欢的人。午饭后，我决定成为约翰的朋友，可知文章主要了作者的妈妈和帕梅尔给了约翰过了一个生日。这次生日对约翰于是一个特别的礼物，约翰对作者来说，是一个特别的朋友。故最佳标题应为：特殊的朋友。故选C。【答案】11．A12．D13．C14．C15．B【解析】【分析】本文主要讲了随着年龄的增长人们觉得时间过得快的原因。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题，推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。11．词义猜测题。根据Howlongdoesayearlast？Childrenmightsaythatayearlastsforever.Butyourparentsmightsaythatawholeyearcanpass"intheblinkofaneye".Whydoestimeseemtopassfasteraswegetolder一年有多长？孩子们可能会说一年是永远的。但是你的父母可能会说，一整年都是"—"过去的。为什么随着年龄的增长，时间似乎过得越来越快，联系前后句可猜测出下划线单词intheblinkofaneye的意思应为一眨眼的功夫。即快地；故选A。12．词义猜测题。根据Thiscausesthingstoseemasifthey'rehappeningmorequickly因此，老年人在一天中接收到的信息比年轻人少。看起来发生得更快，联系前句可猜测出下划线单词they应指代的是：事情。故选D。13．主旨题。根据第Haveyouevernoticedthatwhenyourecallyourfirsts（firstdayofschool.firstfamilyvacation，etc.），theyseemtobeinslowmotion!That'sbecausewhensomethingisa"first"，therearemanyexcitingthingstoremember你有没有注意到，当你回想起你的第一次（上学的第一天，第一次家庭假期等等，他们似乎是在慢动作！这是因为当某事是"第一次"时，有许多令人兴奋的事情要记住。）可知第六段告诉我们：第一次充满了令人兴奋和难忘的事情。故选C。14．推断题。根据第一段提出问题：为什么随着年龄的增长，时间似乎过得越来越快？第二、三、四段介绍了我们的大脑会随着时间的推移而退化和改变，第五、六、七段讲述了由于心理原因，人们对时间的"感觉"也可能不同。故C选项符合题意，故选C。15．推断题。根据第一段Whydoestimeseemtopassfasteraswegetolder为什么随着年龄的增长，时间似乎过得越来越快，可知这篇文章的目的是解释为什么不同年龄的人对时间的感觉不同。故选B。【答案】16．C；17．E；18．B；19．A；20．D【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了一个"四世同堂"的视频在中国社交网站上流行，也感动了很多外国人，由此引出了中西文化家庭理念的不同，但是家人之间的爱与联系在各国之间是一样的，这或许就是这个视频在世界各地流行的原因。A.Kidsusuallymoveoutofthehouseaftertheyturn18.孩子们通常在年满18岁后搬离房子。B.Thisiscalledanextendedfamily.这被称为大家庭。C.Inthesevideos，ayoungchildcallsouttotheirmotherorfather.在这些视频中，一个年幼的孩子向他们的母亲或父亲呼喊。D.AlthoughfamilystructuresintheEastandWestmaydiffer，thelovebetweenfamilymembersiscommon.尽管东西方的家庭结构可能不同，但家庭成员之间的爱是常见的。E.Peoplefromallovertheworldhavecommentedonthem.来自世界各地的人们都对他们发表了评论。【点评】考查任务型阅读，可以将整个文章首先浏览一遍，大概理解意思，根据逻辑关系，找到可以匹配信息的选项。16．根据Theparententerstheroomsmiling，turnsaroundandcallsouttotheirownparent；thegrandparentthenenterssmilingandcallsouttotheirparent-thegreat-grandparent父母微笑着走进房间，转身向自己的父母喊道祖父母微笑着走进来，向他们的父母喊出曾祖父母，可知应是Inthesevideos，ayoungchildcallsouttotheirmotherorfather.在这些视频中，一个年幼的孩子向他们的母亲或父亲呼喊，描述视频内容故选C。17．根据"IhavetogivethattoChina.Familydevotionisusuallyastrongvalue，"wroteoneFacebookuserAntonieYupud一位脸书用户AntonieYupud写道："我必须把这归功于中国。家庭奉献通常是一种强烈的价值观。可知应是Peoplefromallovertheworldhavecommentedonthem.来自世界各地的人们都对他们发表了评论，故选E。18．根据InmostWesterncountries，mostfamiliesarenuclearfamilies（小家庭），orfamiliesthataremadeupofjustchildrenandtheirparents在大多数西方国家，大多数家庭都是核心家庭，或者只由孩子和父母组成的家庭，可知应是Thisiscalledanextendedfamily.这被称为大家庭，故选B。19．根据Manyofthemapplyforloansandworkpart-timejobsinordertopayforcollegeandrent.Iftheychoosetocontinuelivingwiththeirparentsafterbecominganadult，itcanbeseenasasignofimmaturity（不成熟）orfailure他们中的许多人申请贷款和做兼职来支付大学学费和房租。如果他们成年后选择继续与父母生活在一起，这可以被视为不成熟或失败的标志，可知应是Kidsusuallymoveoutofthehouseaftertheyturn18.孩子们通常在年满18岁后搬离房子，故选A。20．根据Thatmightbewhythe"four-generation"videoshavewonsomanyheartsaroundtheworld这也许就是为什么"四代人"视频在全世界赢得了如此多的心，可知应是AlthoughfamilystructuresintheEastandWestmaydiffer，thelovebetweenfamilymembersiscommon.尽管东西方的家庭结构可能不同，但家庭成员之间的爱是常见的，故选D。【答案】21．D；22．B；23．A；24．C；25．B；26．D；27．D；28．A；29．C；30．C；31．B；32．A；33．C；34．B；35．D【解析】【分析】本文通过老师让学生把土豆当作自己讨厌的人，讨厌几个人就带几个土豆，让学生把这些土豆随身携带一周，让学生感受这些士豆带来的麻烦，从而告诉学生：心中不要有仇恨，它会伤害他们的心灵。

【点评】考查完形填空，注意词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意上下文的逻辑，并且考虑句型，语法，搭配，语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。21．句意：她告诉班上的每个孩子带上一个塑料袋，里面装着几个土豆。candies糖果；books书；games游戏；potatoes士豆。根据Eachpotatowillbegiven每个土豆将被给.，可知空处指老师让学生带土豆，故选D。22．句意：每个土豆都有一个孩子讨厌的人的名字。admired敬佩的；disliked讨厌的；liked喜欢的；trusted信任的。根据thepeopleheorshehated他或她讨厌的人，可知，此处指让学生在土豆上写上自己讨厌人的名字。故选B。23．句意：土豆数量取决于你不能宽恕的人的数量。thenumberof的数量；anumberof一些，许多；numbersof许多；plentyof大量，许多。根据Sothenumberofpotatoeswoulddependon，可知是土豆数量取决于你不能宽恕的人的数量。故选A。24．句意：第二天，每个孩子都带了一些土豆，上面写着他或她讨厌的人的名字。for为了；on在上；with带有；above在上面。根据Eachpotatowillbegivenanameofapersonthatthechild每个土豆上都有一个孩子讨厌的人的名字，可知此处指学生在土豆上写上自己讨厌人的名字，所以土豆上面带有他或她讨厌的人的名字。故选C。25．句意：有的仅仅只带了一两个土豆，然而有的却带了五六个土豆。when当时；while然而；as由于；because因为；根据Somehadjustoneortwopotatoes有些人仅仅带了一两个土豆，和othershadasmanyasfiveorsix有的人却带了五六个土豆，可知前后两句有对比的关系，故用连词while。故选B。26．句意：老师告诉孩子们，不管他们去哪里，都要把塑料袋子里的土豆随身携带一个星期。oneday一天；severaldays几天；onemonth一个月；oneweek一个星期；根据Afteroneweek，thegamewasover.一个星期之后，游戏结束，可知，老师让学生们随身携带土豆一周。故选D。27．句意：几天过去了，一些孩子们开始抱怨，因为他们的土豆开始腐烂。droppedby顺便拜访；wentoff经过；tookoff脱（衣服等）；passedby时间（流逝，过去）；根据句意可知，此处是指时间过去几天了，要用动词短语passedby。故选D。28．句意：几天过去了，一些孩子们开始抱怨，因为他们的土豆开始腐烂并且发出难闻的气味。smelled有气味；looked看；tasted尝；felt感受到；根据句意可知，土豆腐烂之后会发出难闻的气味，空处应该用smelled。故选A。29．句意：那些背着更多土豆的孩子们也开始抱怨他们的书包有多重。what什么；which哪一个；who谁；those那些；根据Thosechildren那些孩子，可知，先行词是指人，并且在从句中作主语，所以用关系词who。故选C。30．句意：那些背着更多土豆的孩子们也开始抱怨他们的书包有多重。many许多的；much许多的；heavy重的；large大的；根据carriedmorepotatoes带更多土豆，可知土豆带得越多，书包越重。故选C。31．句意：这正是你内心深处对某人怀有仇恨的确切地感受。especially尤其地；exactly确切地；finally最终；unexpectedly意外地；根据句意可知，此处需要用exactly确切地，表示这种情况与上文一致。故选B。32．句意：仇恨的负担会污染你的内心。pollute污染；fill充满；amaze使惊奇；weigh称重量；。根据Theburden（负担）ofhatred...（仇恨的负担）可知仇恨的负担为污染你的内心。故选A。33．句意：仇恨的负担会污染你的内心，你最终将会背负一些不必要的负担。giveup放弃；takeup开始从事；endup结束；stayup熬夜；根据句意可知，空处要表达的是最终你将以背负这些仇恨而告终，endupdoing以（做）某事而告终。故选C。34．句意：你能想象一辈子心中都有仇恨是什么感觉吗？believe相信；imagine想象；agree同意；wonder想知道；根据Ifyoucannottoleratethesmellofrottenpotatoesforjustoneweek如果你一个星期都忍受不了土豆腐烂的味道，可知你根本想象不到一辈子都要闻这个气味是什么感觉。故选B。35．句意：把仇恨放在心里一辈子是很累人的。sad悲哀的；crazy疯狂的；angry生气的；tiring累人的。根据语境可知，把仇恨放心里一辈子，不会很轻松。故选D。【答案】36．sense；37．pleasure；38．tired；39．giving；40．down；41．what；42．difficulty；43．in；44．such；45．offered【解析】【分析】本文讲述了一天晚上，爱因斯坦要去演讲，但是他很累，希望能避免今晚的演讲，但是他不想让听众失望，最后爱因斯坦的司机汉斯代替爱因斯坦上台演讲。

please，请，down，向下，sense，感觉，offer，提供，give，给，in，在里面，such，如此，tired，累的，what，什么，difficult，困难的

【点评】考查选词填空，注意根据提示词和上下文的逻辑关系，推测词意，注意形容词，动名词，宾语从句，名词，过去时等用法。36．句意：这个关于他的故事表明他不仅聪明，而且有幽默感。asenseofhumor，幽默感，固定搭配，故填sense。37．句意：很高兴能开车送你这样的天才，爱因斯坦博士。please，动词，It'sapleasuretodosth，很高兴做某事。pleasure，是名词，故填pleasure。38．句意：我太累了。根据提示词和后文讲述爱因斯坦希望能避免今晚的演讲可知，他太累了，tired，形容词。故填tired。39．句意：汉斯，我希望今晚能避免演讲，但我不想让听众失望。givemylecture，演讲，固定搭配，avoiddoingsth，避免做某事，故用give的动名词形式giving。故填giving。40．句意：汉斯，我希望今晚能避免演讲，但我不想让听众失望。根据提示词，可知是letsbdown，使某人失望，固定搭配。故填down。41．句意：我知道该怎么办。根据句子，可知本句为宾语从句，do后缺宾语，故用what。故填what。42．句意：爱因斯坦坐了下来，毫无困难地听了汉斯的演讲，并在演讲结束时加入了掌声。根据joinedintheapplauseattheend，可知毫无困难地听了汉斯的演讲，without介词后用名词，difficult，形容词，difficulty，困难，为不可数名词。故填difficulty。43．句意：现在我们有麻烦了。根据提示词"trouble"，可知是beintrouble，处于麻烦中，固定搭配，故填in。44．句意：这是一个如此容易的问题以至于连我的司机都能回答。such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that+句子，如此一个的以至于。故填such。45．句意：过了一会儿，汉斯主动提出要开车。offertodosth，主动提出做某事，根据前句的left，可知时态为一般过去时，offer的过去式为offered。故填offered。【答案】46．so；47．is；48．that；49．by；50．which【解析】【分析】本文介绍了每年的新年日期都会改变的原因及跨年的庆祝方式等。

【点评】考查单词拼写，注意根据上下文逻辑关系，推测词意，拼写正确形式，注意主谓一致，介词，定语从句等多种用法。46．句意：所以每年的新年日期都