河北省涿州市2023高考英语阅读理解、短文改错系列训练七

涿州市2023高考英语阅读理解、短文改错系列训练（7）及答案

（第篇）

FourpeopleinEngland,backin1953,staredatPhoto51.Itwasn,tmuch-

apictureshowingablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguring

outwhatthephotoreallyshowed一theshapeofDNA.Thediscoverybroughtfame

andfortunetoscientistsJamesWatson,FrancisCrick,andMauriceWilkins.The

fourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleftout.

HernamewasRosalindFranklin."Sheshouldhavebeenupthere,〃says

historianMaryBowden."Ifherphotoshadn,tbeenthere,theotherscouldn,t

havecomeupwiththestructure.,,OnereasonFranklinwasmissingwasthatshehad

diedofcancerfouryearsbeforetheNobeldecision.Butnowscholarsdoubtthat

Franklinwasnotonlyrobbedofherlifebydiseasebutrobbedofcreditbyher

competitors.

AtCambridgeUniversityinthe1950s,WatsonandCricktriedtomakemodelsby

cuttingupshapesofDNA,spartsandthenputtingthemtogether.Inthemeantime,

atKing,sCollegeinLondon,FranklinandWilkinsshoneXraysatthemolecule

（分子）.Theraysproducedpatternsreflectingtheshape.

ButWilkinsandFranklin,srelationshipwasalotrockierthanthecelebrated

teamworkofWatsonandCrick.WilkinsthoughtFranklinwashiredtobehisassistant.

ButthecollegeactuallyemployedhertotakeovertheDNAproject.

WhatshedidwasproduceXraypicturesthattoldWatsonandCrickthatone

oftheirearlymodelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshyaboutsayingso.Thatangered

Watson,whoattackedherinreturn,“Mereinspectionsuggestedthatshewouldnot

easilybend.Clearlyshehadtogoorbeputinherplace.,,

AsFranklin,scompetitors,Wilkins,WatsonandCrickhadmuchtogainbycutting

heroutofthelittlegroupofresearchers,sayshistorianPninaʌbirʌm.In1962

attheNobelPrizeawardingceremony,Wilkinsthanked13colleaguesbynamebefore

hementionedFranklin.Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingather.Crickwrotein1974

that"Franklinwasonlytwostepsawayfromthesolution.,,

No,Franklinwasthesolution."Shecontributedmorethananyortherplayer

tosolvingthestructureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredacodiscoverer,〃AbirAm

says.ThiswasbackedupbyAaronKlug,whoworkedwithFranklinandlaterwona

NobelPrizehimself.Oncedescribedasthe“DarkLadyofDNA”,Franklinisfinally

comingintothelight.

［语篇解读］谁发现了DNA,仅仅只有JamesWatson,FrancisCrick和MauriceWilkins

吗？本文作者告诉我们，功绩也有ROSaIindFranklin的一份。

1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.ThedisagreementsamongDNAresearchers.

B.TheunfairtreatmentofFranklin.

C.TheprocessofdiscoveringDNA.

D.Theracebetweentwoteamsofscientists.

［解析］主旨大意题。通读全文，可知FrankIin在DNA的发现中也做出了重要奉献，

但却由于某些原因而不为人知。由此答案选B项：她受到了不公正的对待。

［答案］B

2.WatsonwasangrywithFranklinbecauseshe.

A.tooktheleadinthecompetition

B.keptherresultsfromhim

C.provedsomeofhisfindingswrong

D.sharedherdatawithotherscientists

［解析］逻辑推理题。从第五段前两句可知，FrankIin直言不讳地指出他们犯的错误，

这引起了Watson的不满。答案选Co

［答案］C

3.WhyisFranklindescribedas"DarkLadyofDNA,,?

A.Shedevelopedpicturesindarklabs.

B.ShediscoveredtheblackX—theshapeofDNA.

C.Hernamewasforgottenafterherdeath.

D.Hercontributionwasunknowntothepublic.

［解析］逻辑推理题。从全文可知，作者认为Franklin的奉献被忽略掉了，她的奉献

理应得到人们的成认。所以答案选D。

［答案］D

4.Whatisthewriter,SattitudetowardWilkins,WatsonandCrick?

A.Disapproving.B.Respectful.

C.Admiring.D.Doubtful.

［解析］态度推测题。从全文知，作者肯定了FrankIin的奉献，对另外三个科学家的

行为表示“不满，不赞成〃，所以答案选A。

［答案］A

*******************************************************

A

BobbyMorescogrewupinNewYork,sHel1,sKitchen,atoughworking-class

neighborhoodonManhattan,sWestSide.ButIlell,sKitchenliesrightnextdoor

toBroadway,andthebrightlightsattractedBobbyfromthetimehewasateen.Being

stage-struckwashardlywhatastreetkidcouldadmittohispartners.Fearingtheir

ridicule,hetoldnoone,notevenhisgirlfriend,whenhestartedtakingacting

lessonsatage17.Ifyouwereakidfromtheneighborhood,youbecameacop,

constructionworker,longshoremanorcriminal.Notanactor.

Morescostruggledtomakethatlongwalkafewblockseast.Hestudiedacting,

turnedoutforallthecattlecalls,andduringthedecadeofthe1970smadeatotal

of$2,000.“Iwasn,tagoodactor,butIhadadrivingneedtodosomethingdifferent

withmylife,,,hesays.

HemovedtoHollywood,wherehedroveacabandworkedasabartender（酒保）.

“Myfathersaid,"Stopthiscrazinessandgetajob;youhaveawifeand

daughter.'''ButMorescokeptworkingathischosencraft.

Thenin1983hisyoungerbrotherThomaswasmurderedinamobTinke.dkilling.

Morescomovedbacktohisoldneighborhoodandstartedwritingasawaytoexplore

thepainandthepatrimony（继承物）ofHel1,sKitchen.Half-DesertedStreets,based

onhisbrother,skilling,openedatasmallOff-Broadwaytheaterin1988.A

Hollywoodproducersawitandaskedhimtoworkonascreenplay.

Hisreputationgrew,andhegotenoughassignmentstomovebacktoHollywood.

By2023,hewasagainoutofworkandoutofcashwhenhegotacallfromPaulHaggis,

adirectorwhohadbefriendedhim.Haggiswantedhelpwritingafilmaboutthecountry

afterSeptember11.Thetwoworkedonthewriting,buteverystudiointownturned

itdown.Theykeptpitchingit.Studioexecutives,however,thoughtnoonewanted

toseeasevere,honestvisionofraceandfearandlivesinColIiSiOn（冲突、碰

撞)inmodernAmerica.

Morescobelievedsostronglyinthescriptthatheborrowedmoney,soldhishouse.

HeandHaggiskeptpushing.Atlastthewritersfoundanindependentfilmproducer

whowouldtakeachance,buttheupfrontmoneywastoolittle,Morescodelayedhis

salary.

CrashslippedintothetheatersinMay2023,andquietlybecamebothahitand

acriticalsuccess.ItwasnominatedforsixAcademyAwardsandwonthree----Best

Picture,BestFilmEditingandBestWriting(OriginalScreenplay)byPaulHaggis

andthekidfromHell,sKitchen.

ʌtage54,BobbyMorescobecameanovernightsuccess."Ifyouhavesomething

youwanttodoinlife,don,tthinkaboutthePre)bLems,“hesays,αthinkabout

otherwaystogetitdone.〃

10.Rearrangethefollowingstatementsintermoftimeorder:

a.HisworkIIalf-DesertedStreetsdrewattentionasitopenedatasmall

Off-Broadwaytheater.

b.UnexpecterdlyCrashbecamebothahitandahugesuccess.

c.HemovedtoHollywoodtobeataxidriverandawaiter.

d.Hestartedtolearnactinginspiteofhardnesswiththebeliefofdoing

somethingdifferent.

e.HisyoungerbrotherThomaswaskilledinconflictamongbullies.

A.d;c;e;a;bB.d;e;c;b;aC.c;d;e;a;

bD.c;e;d;b;a

11.WhyBobbyMorescodidnottel1anyonethatrhestartedtakinglessonsatage

17?

A.Hewantedtogivehisgirlfriendasurprise.

B.Hisgirlfrienddidnotallowhimtodothis.

C.Hewasafraidofbeinglaughedat.

D.Hehadnotalentforacting.

12.TheStudioexecutivesturnedthescriptCrashdownbecause

ʌ.theythoughtthescriptwouldnotbepopular

B.thescriptwasnotwellwritten]

C.theyhadnomoneytomakethefilmbasedonthescript.

D.theythoughtMorescowasnotfamous.

13.What,sthebesttitleofthepassage?

ʌ.TheRoadtoSuccess]

B.TryItaDifferentWay

C.ATalentedman---Moresco

D.Moresco,SPerseverance

14.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBobbyMoresco?

A.initiative（主动的）andPerSiStent（坚持的）

B.shybuthardworking

C.caringandbrave

D.aggressiveandmodest

参考答案啊ACABA

（2023∙绵阳诊断）

Tomisalittleboy,butheisonlysevenyearsold.Onedayhel.

wenttothecinema.Itwasthefirsttimeforhimtodothat.He2.

boughtaticketandthenwentout.Butaftertwoorthreeminutes3.

hecameoutandboughtthesecondticketandwentinagain.Aftera4.

fewminuteshecomesoutagainandboughtathirdticket.Two5.

orthreeminuteslaterhecameoutandaskedanotherticket.6.

Thenthegirlintheticketofficewhoaskedhim,“Whydoyou7.

buysomanyticket?Howmanyfriendsdoyoumeet?〃Tom8.

answered,“No,Ihavenotfriendshere.Butabigboyalways9.

stopsmeatthedoorandtearmytickettopieces.,,10.

答案与解析：

LbUt改为and依据语境，这里前后句之间是并列关系而不是转折关系。

2.√

3.OUt改为in依据语境，男孩买票走进电影院。

4.the改为a下文boughtathirdticket有暗示。序数词前用不定冠词，表示“再

一，又一〃O

5.ConIeS改为Came结合行文逻辑，这里应用一般过去时。男孩进去又出来了。

6.asked后加foraskforSth,表示”要求得到...〃。

7.去掉wh。这里不是定语从句，假设是定语从句，原句缺少主句。

8.ticket改为ticketsSOnIany后接复数名词。

9.not改为nonot是副词，不能修饰名词，应改为no。

10.tear改为tears这里stop和tear是并列谓语动词，要用第三人称单数的一般

现在时。

链接2（2023江苏卷）

FranzKafkawrotethat〃abookmustbetheax（斧子）forthefrozenseainside

us.〃Ioncesharedthissentencewithaclassofseventhgraders,anditdidn,t

seemtorequireanyexplanation.

We,djustfinishedJohnSteinbeck,snovelOfMiceandMen.Whenwereadthe

endtogetheroutloudinclass,mytoughestboy,astarbasketballplayer,wepta

little,andsodidI."Areyoucrying?”onegirlasked,asshegotoutofherchair

totakeacloserlook"Iam,〃Itoldher,“andthefunnythingisΓvereadit

manytimes.

Buttheyunderstood.WhenGeorgeshootsLennie,thetragedyisthatwerealize

itwasalwaysgoingtohappen.Inmy14yearsofteachinginaNewYorkCitypublic

middleschool,Γvetaughtkidswithimprisonedparents,abusiveparents,

irresponsibleparents;kidswhoareparents

themsel∖∙es:kidswhoarehomeless:kidsv/hogrewupinviolentneighborhoods.Theyunderstand,

morethanIeverthenovel'sterriblelogic—thegivingwayOfdrearytofa"时运）.

Forthelastse^*enyears：Ihaveworkedasareadingenrichmentteacher：readingclassicworks

ofliteraturewithsmallgroupsofstudentsfromgradessixtoeight.IoriginallyproperJthisidea

tomyhea±nasterafterlearningtiιataformerexcellentstudentotminehad*r≈1∙ferredoutofa

selectivehighschool-onethatoftenattractstheliterary-mindedChiidlIiWfManhattan'supper

classes-intoalesscompetitivesetting.ThedaughterofJmnugrants1v.*ιtlιafatherinprison：she

perhapsfeltImccmfortablewithhernewclassmates.Ithoughtadeʌienal'cul,UaIcapital'vθuld

helpstudentslikeherdevelopbetterinhighschool：wheretheywoiildImavoidablymeetperhaps

,

forthefirsttime：studentswhoCanIefromhomeslinedwithbe..shelves:-ιioseParL店had

earnedPh.D.,s.

AlongwithOfMiceandMen,mygroupsread:Sounder,TheRedPony,LordoftheFlies,

RomeoandJulietandMacbeth.Thestudentsdidn,talwaysreadfromtheexpectedpoint

ofview.AboutTheRedPony,onestudentsaid,〃it'saboutbeingaman,it,sabout

manliness.〃IhadneverbeforeseentheparallelsbetweenScarfaceandMacbeth,

norhadIheardLadyMacbeth,ssoliloquies（独白）readasraps（说唱）,butbothmade

sense;theinterpretationswereplayful,butserious.OnceintroducedtoSteinbeck,s

writing,oneboywentontoreadTheGrapesofWrathandtoldmerepeatedIyhowamazing

itwasthat,'allthesepeoplehateeachother,andthey,reallwhite.〃Hishistorical

vie,wwasbroadening,hissenseofhisowncountrydeepening.Yearafteryearformer

StlIdentsvisitedandtoldmehowpreparedtheyhadfeltintheirfirstyearincollege

asaresultoftheclasses.

Yearafteryear,however,weareincreasingthenumberofpracticetests.Weare

tryingtoteachstudentstoreadincreasinglycomplextexts,notforemotionalpunch

（碰撞）butfortextcomplexity.Yet,wecannotenrich（充实）themindsofourstudents

bytestingthemontextsthatignoretheirhearts.Weareteachingthemthatwords

dono.amazebutconfuse.Wemavsucceedinraisingtestscores,butwewillfail

toteachthatreadingcanbetransformativeandthatitbelongstothem.

66.TheunderlinedwordsinParagraph1probablymeanthatabookhelpsto

A.realizeourdreamsB.givesupporttoourlife,

C.smoothawaydifficultiesD.awakeouremolions

67.WhywerethestudentsabletounderstandthenovelOfMiceandMen?

Λ.Becausetheyspentmuchtimereadingit.

B.Becausetheyhadreadthenovelbefore

C.Becausetheycamefromapublicschool.,

D.rBecausetheyhadsimilarlifeexperiences.

68.Thegirllefttheselectivehighschoolpossiblybecause.

A.shewasaliterary-mindedgirlB.herparentswereimmigrants

C.shecouldn,tfitinwithherclassD.herfatherwastheninprison

69.Totheauthor*ssurprise,thestudentsreadthenovels.

A.creativelyB.passiveLyC.repeatedlyD.carelessly

70.Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlyto______.

A.introduceclassicworksofliterature

B.advocateteachingliteraturetotouchtheheart

C.argueforequalityamonghighschoolstudents

D.defendthecurrenttestingsystem

【考点】日常生活类一夹斜夹议

【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要介绍作者讲述在自己教学生涯中教学生文学阅读

的感受.

66.【答案】D

【试题解析】篇章结构题.这句话运用了明喻和暗喻的表达手法，一本书就是能融化我内

冰冻着的内心的一把斧子，这是表面意思，即指一本书能够唤醒我们内心深处的情感，引

起共鸣之意.故选D项.

【难度】一般

67【答案】D

【试题解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一二句"ButtheyUnderStC.工WhenCtorgeshoe,.

Lemue1thetragedyisthatwerealizeitwasa?、YaySgoingtchappeιΓ可知，D项正确。

【难度】一般

6S.【答案】C

【试题解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第三句"Thedaughterofimmigrants,withafather

inprison,sheperhapsfe,ltuncomfortablewithhernewclassmates^可知C项正确。

【难度】一般

69.【答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第四句"Ihaveneverbeforeseentheparallels

betweenScarfaceandMacbeth,nor「hadIheardLadyMacbeth,ssoliloquiesreadas

raps,butbothmadesense;theinterpretationswereplayful,butserious.,,可推

断作者对孩子阅读小说的创造力感到惊讶，字里行间流露出自豪，故A项正确。

【难度】一般

70.【答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。难度较大。纵观全文，主要介绍了作者讲述在自己教学生涯中，

教学生文学阅读的感受，可以美化他们的心灵，故B项正确。

【难度】较难

【长难句解析】

1.Whenwereadthe,endtogetheroutloudinclass,mytoughestboy,astarbasketball

player,weptalittle,andsodidI.

When引导的时间状语从句，后面是S