阅读理解（说明文）-新高考八省名校联考试题汇编

专题02阅读理解（说明文）

-2023年新高考八省最新名校联考试题汇编

（解析版）

1.【广东省六校2023年高三联考】

C

FeWsickpeopleconsiderthequalityofthefoodwhenchoosingahospital.EveninAmerica,acountrywhere

privatehospitalshavelongprovidedindividualroomswithsuchcomfortsaspersonalcabletelevision,patientsare

oftenstillfedinstitutionalfood.ςςMysterymeaf,andprocessed-cheeseslicesarecommon;everythinggetscooked

inamicrowave.

Morehospitalsarestartingtofeedtheirpatientsbetterfood.Intermountain,anon-profitgroupbasedinUtah

thatruns32hospitalsacrosstheMountainWest,hassince2019servedfreshlymademealstopatients.Chefsin

properkitchensnowsourcelocalingredientstoserveincafeterias.Doctorsareconsultedtomeetpatients,dietary

needs.ChristopherDelissio,theheadchefatIntermountain,describescreatingamealforaMexicanchildwho

wasbeingtreatedforCanCe匚”Hewouldnoteat,“MrDelissiorecalls,andthatwasmakingitharderforhimto

recoverfromchemotherapy."Iwasabletogouponthefloorandspeaktothisboy,sparentsandhimandkindof

figureoutwhathewanted,,,hesays.

Thelinkbetweeneatingwellandgoodhealthhaslongbeenclear,saysDavidEisenberg,anutrition

specialistattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth.Heartdisease,whichhasadirectconnectiontodiet,is

America,sbiggestkiller.Roughlytwo-fifthsOfAmericanadultsareclinicallyobese,andover14%sufferfrom

diabetes.Therightfoodcanhelppatientsavoidgoingbacktohospital.Yetdoctorsthemselveshaveoftenbeen

slowtorecognisetheneedtoencouragehealthyeating,saysDrEisenberg.Mosthealthcareremainscurative,

ratherthanpreventive.

AdecadeagoHenryFordHospitalinWestBloomfieldopenedateachingkitchenwherestaffcouldhelp

patientsplanaffordable,healthymealsandlearnhowtocookthem.Theideaisnowspreadingwidely.InOctober

aconferenceforhealthandfoodprofessionalsinLosAngeleswillencouragetheadoptionofsuchkitchens.

ParticipantswilltouranewonethathasjustopenedatUCLA,shospital.

8∙Accordingtothepassage,patientshadbetter.

A.selectaprivatehospital

B.getanindividualroom

C.beservedhealthyfood

D.beofferedamusementcomforts

9.WhatdoesIntermountaindo?

A.Theypreparefreshfood.

B.Theyconsultpatientsfordiets.

C.Theyencouragepatientstoeatinstitutionalfood.

D.Theyrequireparentstocreatemealsfortheirsickkid.

10.Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?

A.Doctorsshouldknowhowtocook.

B.Hospitalkitchensarefarfromenough.

C.Professionalsareencouragedtoopenkitchens.

D.Patientsshouldbeinstructedonhealthyeating.

11.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HospitalDoctors:theBestQuality

B.HospitalKitchen:theBestChoice

C.HospitalFood:theBestMedicine

D.HospitalChefs:theBestProfessionals

【答案】8.C????9.A????10.D????ll.C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了许多医院意识到新鲜食物有助于病人身体恢复，并采取了积极的措

施。

8.推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句"Thelinkbetweeneatingwellandgoodhealthhaslongbeenclear,says

DavidEisenberg,anutritionspecialistattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHeaIth."（哈佛大学公共卫生学院的营养

专家DaVidEisenberg说，吃得好和健康之间的联系一直是显而易见的。）及第三句"Therightfoodcanhelp

PatientSaVe）idgoingbacktohospital."（选择合适的食物能使病人免于再次去医院。）可知，吃的好可以更

健康，病人吃的好，有助于恢复健康。故选C项。

9.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句44Intermountain,anon-profitgroupbasedinUtahthatruns32hospitals

acrosstheMountainWest,hassince2019servedfreshlymademealstopatients.^^（Intermountain,是犹他州一个

非营利性机构，在西部山区经营32家医院，从2019年开始，向病人提供新鲜饭菜。）可知，该组织给病

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人提供新鲜的食物。故选A项。

10.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句"AdecadeagoHenryFordHospitalinWestBloomfield,outsideDetroit,

openedateachingkitchenwherestaffcouldhelppatientsplanaffordable,healthymealsandIeamhowtocook

them.Theideaisnowspreading\videly.^^（卜年前,WeSlBIoOmfieId的HenryFordHOSPilaI开设了一个教学

厨房，在那里员工帮助病人规划实惠的健康餐，并学习如何制作。）可知，病人应该接受健康饮食的指导。

故选D项。

11.主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句ςςMorehospitalsarestartingtofeedtheirpatientsbetterfood.,,

院开始给病人提供更好的食物。）并结合全文内容可知，文章主要说明了健康新鲜的食物有助于病人的恢

复。因此推断C项“医院里的食物：最好的药物”为最佳标题。故选C项。

D

Ifyou,veeveremergedfromtheshowerorreturnedfromwalkingyourdogwithacleverideaorasolution

toaproblemyou,dbeenstrugglingwith,itmaynotbeanunusualthing.

Ratherthanconstantlywearingyourselfoutataproblemordesperatelyseekingaflashofinspiration,

researchfromthelast15yearssuggeststhatpeoplemaybemorelikelytohavecreativebreakthroughsorinsights

whenthey,redoingahabitualtaskthatdoesn,trequiremuchthought——anactivityinwhichyou,rebasicallyon

autopilot.Thisletsyourmindwanderorengageinspontaneouscognitionorɑstreamofconsciousness^^thinking,

whichexpertsbelievehelpsrecollectunusualmemoriesandgeneratenewideas.

tTeoplealwaysgetsurprisedwhentheyrealizetheygetinteresting,novelideasatunexpectedtimesbecause

ourculturalnarrativetellsusweshoulddoitthroughhardwork,“saysKalinaChristofT,acognitiveneuroscientist

attheUniversityofBritishColumbiainVancouver.tςIt,saprettyuniversalhumanexperience.”

Nowwe,rebeginningtounderstandwhythesecleverthoughtsoccurduringmorepassiveactivitiesand

what,shappeninginthebrain,saysChristoff.Thekey,accordingtothelatestresearch,isapatternofbrain

activity—withinwhafscalledthedefaultmodenetwork—thatoccurswhileanindividualisrestingor

performinghabitualtasksthatdon,trequiremuchattention.

Researchershaveshownthatthedefaultmodenetwork（DMN）一whichconnectsmorethanadozenregions

ofthebrain—becomesmoreactiveduringmind-wanderingorpassivetasksthanwhenyou,redoingsomething

thatdemandsfocus.Simplyput,theDMNisςςthestatethebrainreturnstowhenyou,renotactivelyengaged,,,

explainsRogerBeaty,acognitiveneuroscientistanddirectoroftheCognitiveNeuroscienceofCreativityLabat

PennStateUniversity.Bycontrast,whenyou,retrappedinademandingtask,thebrain,sexecutivecontrol

systemskeepyourthinkingfocused,analytical,andlogical.

Acautionarynote:Whilethedefaultmodenetworkplaysakeyroleinthecreativeprocess,ςςit,snottheonly

importantnetwork,,,Beatysays.44Othernetworkscomeintoplayasfarasmodifying,rejecting,orimplementing

ideas."Soit,sunwisetoplaceblindfaithinideasthataregeneratedintheshowerorduringanyotherperiodof

mindwandering.

12.Whendopeopleexpecttogetaninnovativeideaaccordingtotheresearch?

A.Whendoingroutinework.

B.Whenworkingattentively.

C.Whentacklingtoughproblems.

D.Whendesperatelyseekinginspirations.

13.Whatistheculturalperceptionforgettingexciting,unusualideas?

A.Gettingbygoodluck.

B.Gettingbygreatefforts.

C.Gettingbyunexpectedaccident.

D.Gettingbyuniversalexperience.

14.Whoismostlikelytogetanovelidea?

A.Astudentwhoisplayingfootball.

B.Astudentwhoisfocusingonpapers.

C.Astudentwhoiscloselymonitoringhisresearch.

D.Astudentwhoisfullyengagedinmathquestions.

15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphimply?

A.Wecangetnovelideasbythedefaultmodenetwork.

B.weshouldtaketheideapoppedintheshowerseriously.

C.Believeinideasthataregeneratedbythedefaultmodenetwork.

D.Thinktwicebeforeputtingideasplayfullycrossingyourmindintopractice.

【答案】12.A????13.B????14.A????15.D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明人们在做一项不需要太多思考的习惯性任务时可能更有可能获得

创造性突破或洞察力。

12.细节理解题。根据第二段“Ratherthanconstantlywearingyourselfoutataproblemordesperatelyseekinga

flashofinspiration,researchfromthelast15yearssuggeststhatpeoplemaybemorelikelytohavecreative

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breakthroughsorinsightswhenthey,redoingahabitualtaskthatdoesn,trequiremuchthought—anactivityin

WhiChyOIrrebaSiCalIyOnaUtOPilOL（过去15年的研究表明，当人们在做一项不需要太多思考的习惯性任务时

（基本上.处于自动驾驶状态），而不是不断地在一个问题匕让自己筋疲力尽或拼命寻找灵感闪现时，他们

可能更有可能获得创造性突破或洞察力）”可知，根据研究，人们预期会在日常工作的时候能得到一个创新

的想法。故选A。

13.细节理解题。根据第三段“"Peoplealwaysgetsurprisedwhentheyrealizetheygetinteresting,novelideasat

unexpectedtimesbecauseourculturalnarrativetellsusweshoulddoitthroughhardwork,“saysKalinaChristoff,

acognitiveneuroscientistattheUniversityofBritishColumbiainVanCoUVer.（“当人们意识到他们在意想不到

的时候得到了有趣、新颖的想法时，他们总是感到惊讶，因为我们的文化叙事告诉我们，我们应该通过努

力工作来实现它，”温哥华不列颠哥伦比亚大学的认知神经科学家KaIinaChriStOff说）”可知，获得令人兴

奋的、不寻常的想法的文化观念是努力获得。故选B。

14.推理判断题。根据第四段“Nowwe,rebeginningtounderstandwhythesecleverthoughtsoccurduringmore

passiveactivitiesandwhat,shappeninginthebrain,saysChristoff.Thekey,accordingtothelatestresearch,isa

patternofbrainactivity——withinwhat,scalledthedefaultmodenetwork——thatoccurswhileanindividualis

restingorperforminghabitualtasksthatdon'trequiremuchattention.（克里斯托夫说,现在我们开始理解为什么

这些聪明的想法会在更被动的活动中出现，以及大脑中发生了什么。根据最新的研究，关键在于大脑活动

的一种模式，即所谓的默认模式网络，它发生在一个人休息或执行不需要太多注意力的习惯性任务时）”和

倒数第二段“Researchershaveshownthatthedefaultmodenetwork（DMN）一whichconnectsmorethana

dozenregionsofthebrain—becomesmoreactiveduringmind-wanderingorpassivetasksthanwhenyou,re

doingsomethingthatdemandsfocus.（研究人员已经证明，连接大脑卜多个区域的默认模式网络（DMN）在走神

或做被动任务时比你在做需要集中注意力的事情时更活跃）“可推知，一个正在踢足球的学生最有可能得到

一个新奇的想法。故选A。

15.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Acautionarynote:Whilethedefaultmodenetworkplaysakeyroleinthe

creativeprocess,44it,snottheonlyimportantnetwork,,,Beatysays.iiOthernetworkscomeintoplayasfaras

modifying,rejecting,orimplementingideas.”Soit,sunwisetoplaceblindf⅛ithinideasthataregeneratedinthe

showerorduringanyotherperiodofmindWandering.（注意事项：虽然默认模式网络在创作过程l4j发挥着关键

作用，但“它并不是唯一重要的网络，”Beat说。“其他网络也会在修改、拒绝或实施想法方面发挥作用。”

因此，盲目相信洗澡时或其他走神时产生的想法是不明智的）”可推知，虽然默认模式网络在创作过程中发

挥着关键作用，但“它并不是唯一重要的网络“，所以我们在把脑海中好玩的想法付诸实践前要三思。故选

Do

2.12023届福建省漳州一中质量检测英语试题】

ForoneweekinMay,morethan100,000peopleintheUKcarefullycountedtheirplasticwasteathomeina

nationalinvestigationintoplasticuseandrecycling.ItwascalledtheBigPlasticCount,runbyorganizations

GreenpeaceandEverydayPlastic.

Sohowdidtheygeton,andwhatdidtheydiscoverabouttheirdependencyonamaterialthathasbecomea

partofoureverydaylives?

Jules,41,andherfamilythrewaway124piecesofplasticduringtheirweekofcounting.Thepackagingin

partybagsandstickerpacksforherdaughter,ssixthbirthdaywasthemostupsetting,shesays.Shehadthought

herhouseholdwasquitelowplasticandsowas“shocked"byhowmuchtheyused.uIt,sthehiddenstuffthatisn,t

recyclable-likepizzawrappers-thatgetsyouJJulesexplains.

“EverysinglesheetforthestickersinthepartybagscameindividuallywrappedinitsownUnrecyclablebag,

andthentheywerepackedtogetherinabiggerbag,"shesays.

HerchildrenarepassionateaboutprotectingtheenvironmentbutJulessaysshefindsitveryhardasa

consumertomaketherightchoices.

“Wecanonlydosomuch.It,sinthemanufacturer'shands.Thewholethingissuchajuggle（杂耍）.“Taylor,

a25-year-oldscheduler,saysofthe70piecesofplastichecounted,itwasthecucumberpackagingthatupsethim

themost.Hehasfamilywholiveabroadwherehesaysit,seasytobuyfruitsandvegetableswithoutanyplastic.

He,dalsoliketoseemorelocalproduceinshopsdirectfromfarmers,whichwouldreducetheneedforexcessive

packagingusedtotransportgoodslongdistances.

'TgetprogressivelymoreupsetwiththefactthatSupennarketssellsomuchplastic,,,hesays.Evenifhe

couldfindplastic-freealternatives,hesaysthecostisexorbitant.ςςThepriceofeverythingisgoingup,butthings

thatarebetterfortheenvironmentaremuchmoreexpensive,,,hesays.

8.WhatwasJules,reactiontotheplasticpackaginginherhouse?

A.NervousB.AnnoyedC.Desperate.D.Tolerant.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"exorbitant“inthelastparagraphmean?

A.RexibleB.Reasonable.C.LowD.Sky-high.

10.Whatcanweinferfromtheexamplesinthetext?

A.Consumerscan,tcontroltheplasticpackaging.

B・Almosteveryfamilyhasmanyplasticproducts.

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C.Taylor,sparentsdon,tlikecucumberpackaging.

D.Jules,childrenliketocollectplasticwaste.

11.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwereadthistext?

A.Health.B.Business.C.Environment.D.Entertainment.

【答案】8.B????9.D????10.A????ll.C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们在日常生活中会不自觉地产生很多塑料垃圾，以及他们对此的

看法。

8.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thepackaginginpartybagsandstickerpacksforherdaughter,ssixthbirthday

WaSthemOStUPSetting,shesays.”（她说，女儿六岁生口时用派对包和贴纸包装的包装最令人不安。）可知，

Jules认为家庭中的塑料包装是令人心烦的。upsetting与选项B同义，故选B项。

9.词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Thepriceofeverythingisgoingup,butthingsthatarebetterforthe

environmentaremuchmoreexpensive,,（所有东西的价格都在上涨，但是对环境更好的东西要贵得多）和划

线词所在句"Evenifhecouldfindplastic-freealternatives,hesaysthecostisexorbitant."（他说，即使他能找到

不使用塑料的替代品，成本也是exorbitant。）可知，此处指找到不使用塑料的替代品的成本更贵，划线词

的含义与expensive同义，选项D.“Sky・high”意为“非常高”，符合题意，故选D项。

10.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Igetprogressivelymoreupsetwiththefactthatsupermarketssellsomuch

plastic"（我对超市销售这么多塑料制品的事实感到越来越不安）可知，生活中超市会给顾客提供太多的

塑料制品，可推知，消费者无法控制塑料包装。故选A项。

11.推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“ForoneweekinMay,morethan100,000peopleintheUKcarefully

countedtheirplasticwasteathomeinanationalinvestigationintoplasticuseandrecycling.ItwascalledtheBig

PlasticCount,runbyorganizationsGreenpeaceandEveiydayPIaStiC."（在五月的一个星期里，超过IO万的英

国人在一项全国性的塑料使用和回收调查中仔细地清点了他们家中的塑料垃圾。它被称为“BigPlastic

Counf,,这是由绿色和平组织和日常塑料组织管理。）和第二段“Sohowdidtheygeton,andwhatdidthey

discoverabouttheirdependencyonamaterialthathasbecomeapartofoureverydaylives?^^（那么，它们是如何

进展的呢？他们发现自己对一种己经成为我们日常生活一部分的材料的依赖吗？）引入了文章话题：在生

活中，人们对塑料制品已经形成了依赖。进而在下文中结合实例提到了塑料制品的使用对环境的危害，因

而文章的写作目的应该是和环保有关，所以文章可能出自环保板块，故选C项。

3.【石家庄市二中2022∙2023学年高三试题】

Althoughweallexperiencefailureinourlives,wedon,tallreacttoitinthesameway.Aninteresting

researchhasemphasizedthenotionthattherearesomepeoplewhoembracechallengesanddisappointmentsas

opportunitiestore-foeustheirthinking.Thesearepeoplewithagrowthmindset.Then,thereareotherpeoplewho

seefailureasacompletefailure.Theybelievethattheyneverhadthetalentanyway,andtheyprobablyneverwill.

Thesearepeoplewithafixedmindset

PsychologistDweckhasstudiedthesemindsetsandprovidedevidencethatmostpeopleintentionallyplace

themselvesinoneofthosetwogroups.Thegrouptowhichyouassignyourselffrequentlydetermineshowyou

reacttochallenges.Ifyouexperiencefailureandgiveup,youhaveconvenientlyassignedyourselftothefixed

group.IfyouexperiencefailureandregarditasaStePPingstone,thenyouhaveplacedyourselfintothegrowth

group.

Accordingtotheresearch,peopleinthegrowthgrouptendtogeneratemorecreativeideasthanthoseinthe

fixedgroup.Toillustrate,considerThomasEdison.Inthe19thcentury,Edisonattemptedtoimprovethelight

bulbandexperimentedwithnumerousmaterials.Overathousandtrials,hemanagedtodiscoveranelement

sustaininglight.Areporteronceaskedhim,44Itseemsasthoughyou,vetriedmanytimesandcontinuetofaileach

time.Whyisthat7,,Edisonanswered,ςςIhavenotfailed.I,vejustfound10,000waysthatwon,twork.”

Instudiesofcreativepeople,psychologistsdiscoveredthatadistinguishingfeatureseparatingthemfromthe

non-creativeisthattheymakelotsofmistakesandcontinuetoworkthroughthem.Mostpeopleconsidersuccess

andfailureaspolaropposites.Inreality,theyarebothpartsofthesameprocess.

8.Whatmightpeoplewithagrowthmindsetagreewith?

A.Challengesarewelcomed.

B.Mistakescanbeavoided.

C.Successisduetogoodluck.

D.Onlytalentleadstosuccess.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“asteppingStOne''inparagraph2referto?

A.Aroadtonowhere.

B.Achallengeintheway.

C・Anoutcometoexpect.

D.Achancetoadvance.

10.WhydoestheauthormentionThomasEdisoninparagraph3?

A.Tomakeaprediction.

B・Topresentafact.

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C.Tosupportaviewpoint.

D.Toclarifyaprinciple.

11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Howpeopleinteɪpretfailureoftendeterminestheircreativeoutput.

B.Learningfromsuccessplaysanimportantpartinimprovingcreativity.

C.Growthmindsetpeopleseechallengesdifferentlyfromfixedmindsetones.

D.Whichgrouppeopleputthemselvesindecideshowtheyreacttochallenges.

【答案】8.A????9.D????10.C????H.A

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章指出人们对失败的理解、态度会决定会影响到他们的创造性产出，相比

轻言放弃的固定型思维的人，具有成长型思维的人用发展的眼光看待失败，更具有创造力。

8.推理判断题。根据第：段最后——句"Ifyouexperiencefailureandregarditasasteppingstone,thenyouhave

placedyourselfintothegrowthgroup.（如果你经历过失败，并将其视为一次提升自己的机会，那么你已经将

自己置于成长型群体中。）“，以及第三段第一句“Accordingtotheresearch,peopleinthegrowthgrouptendto

generatemorecreativeideasthanthoseinthefixedgroup.（根据研究，成长组的人往往比固定组的人产生更多

的创造性想法。）”可知，对于成长性思维的人来说，失败只是一个垫脚石，从失败中他们能生成更多创新

的点子，所以具有成长型思维的人愿意接受挑战，故选A项。

9.词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句"Ifyouexperiencefailureandgiveup,youhaveconvenientlyassigned

yourselftothefixedgroup.IfyouexperiencefailureandregarditasaStePPingstone,thenyouhaveplaced

yourselfintothegrowthgroup.（如果你经历了失败，放弃了，你就很方便地把自己分配到固定的群体。如果

你经历过失败，并将其视为asteppingstone,那么你已经将自己置于成长型群体中。）“可知，固定型思维

的人遇到失败就放弃，而与之相对的是，成长型思维的人把失败当作有帮助的，可以促进发展，可推知，

划线短语asteppingstone和D项“Achancetoadvance.（一次提高的机会）”意思相近，故选D项。

10.推理判断题。根据第一三段“Accordingtotheresearch,peopleinthegrowthgrouptendtogeneratemore

creativeideasthanthoseinthefixedgroup.（根据研究，具有成长型思维的人往往比固定型思维组的人产生更

多的创造性想法）“可知，这句话为段首核心观点。下文“Toillustrate,considerThomasEdison.Inthe19th

century,Edisonattemptedtoimprovethelightbulbandexperimentedwithnumerousmaterials.Overathousand

trials,hemanagedtodiscoveranelementsustaininglight.Areporteronceaskedhim,Mtseemsasthoughyou,ve

triedmanytimesandcontinuetofaileachtime.Whyisthat?'Edisonanswered,ςIhavenotfailed.Fvejustfound

10,000WaySthatWoIftWorkj（为了说明这一点，以托马斯・爱迪生为例。在19世纪，爱迪生试图改进灯泡，

并试验了许多材料。经过一千多次试验，他终于发现了一种维持光的元素。一位记者曾经问他：‘你似乎已

经尝试了很多次，但每次都失败了。为什么呢？‘爱迪生回答说：，我没有失败。我发现了一万种行不通的

方法。’）”可知，此处为典型举例表述，结合其内容可知，作者提到爱迪生是以其为例来支撑本段首句提出

的观点。故选C项。

11.主旨大意题。通读全文，本文第•、二段主要介绍了具有成长型思维的人和具有固定型思维的人对待

失败的截然不同的态度和反应；第三、四段论证了具有成长型思维的人，善于用发展的眼光看待失败，相

比轻言放弃的固定型思维的人，更具有创造力，可本文的大意为：对失败的理解、态度会决定会影响到他

们的创造性产出。故选A项。

4.【黑龙江省哈尔滨市三中2022-2023学年高三试卷】

Globally,around14percentoffoodproducedislostbetweenharvestandretail（零售）.Farmersthrowaway

asignificantshareoftheircropduetofactorsbeyondtheircontrol,suchasproducenotmeetingsupermarket

standardsforshapeorsize,unexpectedweatherpatternschangingharvesttimesandyieldaswellasashortageof

pickers.Thesefactorsandothersleavefarmerswithextracropsontheirhands.

Gleaning——collectingleftovercropsfromfarmers,fieldsaftertheyhaven,tbeenharvestedorcommercial

use—maycontributetotacklingtheproblem.InBritain,agrowingnetworkofvolunteergleaninggroupsare

beingwelcomedintofarmers,fieldstocollecttonnesoffreeproduce.Theproducewouldthenbegiventolocal

foodbanks,whichwouldotherwisebelefttorotafterthecommercialharvest.

ThecharityFeedbacktoldTheTimesthatitsnumberofgleaninggroupsacrossEnglandhadrisenfromfive

in2017totwentylastyear.Feedback'soverallaimisforcloserlinksbetweenfarmersandthecommunitiesthey

feed.

HollyWhitelaw,52,fromStJustinPenwith,setuptheCornwallGleaningNetworklastyearafterwatching

aBBCseriesthathighlightedfoodpovertyinCornwall.ShecontactedFeedbackwhichgavehera£2,000grant

（拨款）togetinsurance,knives,andcut-proofgloves.ShesetupaFacebookpage,foundwillingvolunteersand

thenmanagedtogeta£10,000grantfromFeedingBritain,anationalnetworkofanti-hungerpartnerships,to

establishsevencoordinatorsacrossthecountyandpayformoreknivesandgloves.Theyalsoraisedfundstobuy

apick-uptruck.Asathankyoutothefarmers,theyhavebegunplantingtreestoreducewindspeedacrosstheir

land,preventingdamagetocropsandminimizingsoilerosion.

Gleaningoffersanopportunityforenvironmentalwinbyreducingfoodwasteonthefarm.Also,ithasa

socialbenefit,asthecollectedfreshfoodcanbedonatedtocharityorganizationsandfoodbankstosupportthose

inneed.

10/28

8.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaslittleimpactoncropwaste?

A・Produceinpoorquality.

B.Lackoflaboronthefarm.

C.Increasingsupermarketorders.

D.Changeableweatherconditions.

9.WhatmighthelpWhitelawgeneratetheideaofgleaning?

A.AgrandfromthecharityFeedback.

B.Feedback'soverallaimforcloserlinks.

C.Communitiesandvolunteers5jointeffort.

D.ATVseriesrevealingregionalfoodpoverty.

10.Whatcanweleaι*naboutthepracticeofgleaningfromthepassage?

A.Itprovesrewarding.

B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itisphysicallychallenging.

D.Ittakesagestoseetheresult.

11.Whatistheauthor,spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Tosetanewstandardforfarming.

B.Toexplainthereasonsforoverproduction.

C.TogathertheinformationaboutproduceinBritain.

D.Tointroduceasolutiontotheproblemoffoodwaste.

【答案】8∙C????9.D????10.A????ll.D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为COrnWaH的减少食物浪费的作物收集组织。该组织有

效地帮助了环境保护和人道关怀。

8.推理判断题。根据第一段“Fannersthrowawayasignificantshareoftheircropduetofactorsbeyondtheir

control,suchasproducenotmeetingsupermarketstandardsforshapeorsize,unexpectedweatherpatterns

changingharvesttimesandyieldaswellasashortageofpickers.（由于一些无法控制的因素，比如农产品的形

状或大小不符合超市的标准，反常的天气模式改变了收获时间和产量，以及缺乏采摘者，农民丢弃「很大

一部分作物）“可知，农作物浪费主要由于农产品品质不达标、多变的天气状况和采摘人员不足。故选C项。

9.细节理解题。根据第四段“HollyWhitelaw,52,fromStJustinPenwith,setuptheCornwallGleaningNetwork

lastyearafterwatchingaBBCseriesthathighlightedfoodpovertyinCornwall.（52岁的HollyWhitelaw来自

Penwith的StJust,去年在看了BBC的一个突出康沃尔食物贫困的系列节目后，她建立了康沃尔收集网络）”

可知，收看了一个反映CornWan食物匮乏的BBC系列节目后，WhiteIaW创建了CornWaH收集网络。故选

D项。

10.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ShecontactedFeedbackwhichgavehera£2,00Ogrant（拨款）toget

insurance,knives,andcut-proofgloves.ShesetupaFacebookpage,foundwillingvolunteersandthenmanaged

togeta£10,O（X）grantfromFeedingBritain,anationalnetworkofanti-hungerpartnerships,toestablishseven

coordinatorsacrossthecountyandpayformoreknivesandgloves.（她联系fFeedback,Feedback给了她2000

英镑的资助来购买保险、刀具和防割伤手套。她在FaCebOOk上建立了一个页面，找到了有意愿的志愿者,

然后设法从一个全国性的反饥饿合作网络“供养英国”（FeedingBritain）获得了I万英镑的赠款，在全县建立

了7个协调员，并购买了更多的刀具和手套广可知，收集网络建立之后，卓有成效地筹集到不少善款，用

于购买保险和其他一些必要的工具等，为减少作物浪费做出了很大的贡献。故选A项。

11.推理判断题o根据第二段“Gleaning—collectingleftovercropsfromfarmers,fieldsaftertheyhaven'tbeen

harvestedorcommercialuse-maycontributetotacklingthePrObIem.（收集从农民的田里收集尚未收割

或尚未商业化使用的剩余作物——可能有助于解决这个问题）“和最后一段“Gleaningoffersanopportunity

forenvironmentalwinbyreducingfoodwasteonthefaι*m.（通过减少农场的食物浪费，收集食物为环境保护提

供了机会）“可知，本文的写作目的主要是介绍一种行之有效地减少食物浪费的方法。故选D项。

5.【湖北省高中名校联合体2023年高三诊断试题】

Globally,around14percentoffoodproducedislostbetweenharvestandretail（零售）.Farmersthrowaway

asignificantshareoftheircropduetofactorsbeyondtheircontrol,suchasproducenotmeetingsupermarket

standardsforshapeorsize,unexpectedweatherpatternschangingharvesttimesandyieldaswellasashortageof

pickers.Thesefactorsandothersleavefarmerswithextracropsontheirhands.

Gleaning——collectingleftovercropsfromfarmers'fieldsaftertheyhaven,tbeenharvestedorcommercial

use—maycontributetotacklingtheproblem.InBritain,agrowingnetworkofvolunteergleaninggroupsare

beingwelcomedintofanners,fieldstocollecttonnesoffreeproduce.Theproducewouldthenbegiventolocal

foodbanks,whichwouldOtherWiSebelefttorotafterthecommercialharvest.

ThecharityFeedbacktoldTheTimesthatitsnumberofgleaninggroupsacrossEnglandhadrisenfromfive

in2017totwentylastyear.Feedback'soverallaimisforcloserlinksbetweenfarmersandthecommunitiesthey

feed.

HollyWhitelaw,52,fromStJustinPenwith,setuptheCornwallGleaningNetworklastyearafterwatching

12/28

aBBCseriesthathighlightedfoodpovertyinCornwall.ShecontactedFeedbackwhichgavehera£2,000grant

（拨款）togetinsurance,knives,andcut-proofgloves.ShesetupaFacebookpage,foundwillingvolunteersand

thenmanagedtogeta£10,000grantfromFeedingBritain,anationalnetworkofanti-hungerpartnerships,to

establishsevencoordinatorsacrossthecountyandpayformoreknivesandgloves.Theyalsoraisedfundstobuy

apick-uptruck.Asathankyoutothefarmers,theyhavebegunplantingtreestoreducewindspeedacrosstheir

land