中考英语二轮复习课件：专题九动词

专题九动词中考考点梳理考点分类突破考点1

实义动词实义动词又称行为动词,分为及物动词和不及物动词两大类。及物动词后需要直接加宾语才能使其意义完整,而不及物动词后不能直接加宾语,因为其本身就能表达完整的意思。常见的及物动词有ask,love,hate,say,forget,have等;不及物动词有go,walk,work,die,smile,come等。考点2

系动词系动词本身有词义,但不能独立作谓语,后面必须加形容词、名词、不定式或动词-ing形式等可作表语的词一起构成谓语,即系表结构。系动词的分类类别功能例词表示状态的系动词表示主语所处的状态be表示持续的系动词表示主语继续或保持某种状况或态度keep,remain,stay,stand,lie表示感官的系动词表示人体的感觉look,feel,smell,taste,sound表示状态变化的系动词表示主语从一种状态变换成另一种状态become,get,go,grow,turn

(1)一般情况下,系动词没有被动语态形式。(2)表示状态变化的系动词在表示“渐渐……”时,可用于进行时。It’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.天气渐渐变得暖和了。考点3

助动词助动词无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语,可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语气、语态等。用法如下:(1)be用作助动词,有人称、数和时态的变化,可用于一般现在时,也可与现在分词构成进行时态,与过去分词构成被动语态。We

are

playing

an

interesting

game.我们在玩一个有趣的游戏。He

is

loved

by

his

pupils.他受到他学生的爱戴。She

has

been

teaching

English

in

our

school

for

four

years.她已经在我们学校教英语教了4年了。(2)have/has与had分别用于现在完成时和过去完成时。They

have

finished

2,000

letters

so

far.迄今为止,他们写完了2000封信。Lucy

had

left

when

I

got

there.当我到达那儿时,Lucy已经离开了。(3)do/does/did主要用来帮助实义动词构成否定、疑问形式。—Does

Jim

like

fruit?Jim喜欢水果吗?—Yes,he

does.是的,他喜欢。(4)will,shall用于构成一般将来时,would,should用于构成过去将来时。shall,should主要用于第一人称,will,would可用于所有人称。Will

he

come

for

dinner?他会来吃晚饭吗?Shall

we

do

the

job

tomorrow?我们明天做这项工作吗?We

thought

we

should

never

see

you

again.我们以为再也见不到你了。考点4

情态动词情态动词本身有一定的词义,后接动词原形,表示说话人的语气和态度。情态动词通常没有人称和数的变化。情态动词的用法情态动词用法例句can表示能力,意为“能;会”。SamcanspeakEnglishwell.Sam英语讲得很好。表示请求、允许,意为“可以”。CanIborrowyourbike?我能借你的自行车吗?can’t表示推测,意为“不可能”。The

book

can’t

be

yours.There

is

his

name

on

it.这本书不可能是你的。这上面有他的名字。情态动词用法例句Could(can的过去式)表示过去的能力,意为“能;会”。Mikecouldplaythepianoverywellwhenhewasyoung.Mike小的时候弹钢琴就弹得很好。在疑问句中表示委婉地请求。CouldIhaveonecupoftea?我可以喝一杯茶吗?must表示主观看法,意为“必须;应该”。mustn’t则意为“禁止”。Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst!你必须先完成你的家庭作业!You

mustn’t

go

across

the

road

at

the

red

light.红灯时,你不能过马路。情态动词用法例句must表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句中,意为“一定;肯定”。ThecoatmustbeMary’sbecausehernameisonit.这件大衣肯定是Mary的,因为她的名字在上面。should表示要求和命令,也可以表示劝告或建议,意为“应该”。Weshouldkeeptheairfresh.我们应该保持空气清新。情态动词用法例句oughtto表示要求和命令,也可以表示劝告或建议,意为“应该”。Yououghttoteachthempatiently.你应该耐心地教导他们。may表示请求、许可,意为“可以”。Youmaysithereifyouwant.如果你想的话,你可以坐在这儿。表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能;也许”。Shemaycomebacktomorrow,butIamnotsure.她可能明天回来,但是我不确定。(续表)Might(may的过去式)表示请求、许可,语气比may更委婉。MightIsmokehere?我可以在这里吸烟吗?表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能;也许”(可能性比may小)。Itmightraintomorrow.明天可能有雨。情态动词用法例句need主要用于否定句或疑问句中,意为“需要”。needn’t表示“没有必要”。Youneedn’tsaysorrytohim.你不必对他说对不起。shall表示征求意见或询问,用于第一人称。ShallIopenthewindow?我可以打开窗户吗?will表示询问、请求,也可以表达现在的意愿。Willyoupassmethebook?你把那本书递给我好吗?We

will

do

anything

for

you.我们会为你做任何事情。would表示过去的意愿或委婉地询问。Wouldyoutellmethewaytothestation?你能告诉我去车站的路吗?情态动词用法例句hadbetter用于建议、警告、威胁、发表意见等,意为“最好”。You’dbetterstayathome.你最好待在家里。haveto表示客观的需要,有人称、数和时态的变化,意为“必须;不得不”。Hehastofinishhishomeworktoday.他今天必须完成他的家庭作业。

(1)must引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用must,否定回答常用needn’t/don’thaveto。—Must

I

finish

my

homework

today?今天我必须完成我的家庭作业吗?—Yes,you

must./No,you

needn’t.是的,你必须完成。/不,你不需要。(2)need引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用must或haveto,否定回答常用needn’t。—NeedIanswerthequestion?我需要回答这个问题吗?—Yes,you

must/have

to./No,you

needn’t.是的,你必须回答。/不,你不需要。(3)need作实义动词时有人称和数的变化,后面可接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或动词不定式,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中。Shedoesn’tneedtoseethedoctor.Shejustneedsarest.她不需要看医生。她只需要休息一下。考点5

动词的基本形式(1)动词第三人称单数形式的构成规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般情况下在动词后加-s。rise起身;升起read读write写risesreadswrites以/s/,/ʃ/,/tʃ/音素结尾或以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词加-es。pass传;递push推watch看do做passespusheswatchesdoes以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es。study学习try尝试fly飞行studiestriesflies口诀记忆动词第三人称单数的构成动词三单现在式,一般词尾加-s。s,x,ch,sh在词尾,直接加上-es。词尾若是字母o,加上-es不用愁。“辅音字母＋y”来结尾,变y为i是正规,-es后边紧跟随,study→studies看明白。(2)规则动词过去式、过去分词的构成规则动词原形过去式过去分词一般动词后面加-ed。help帮助look看work工作helpedlookedworkedhelpedlookedworked以不发音的字母e结尾的动词加-d。like喜欢live居住love热爱likedlivedlovedlikedlivedloved规则动词原形过去式过去分词以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed。try尝试study学习cry哭泣triedstudiedcriedtriedstudiedcried以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed。plan打算stop停止nod点头plannedstoppednoddedplannedstoppednodded口诀记忆规则动词过去式、过去分词的构成过去式、过去分词构成有规律,一般词尾加-ed。如果词尾有个e,只要直接加上-d,like→liked是一例。“辅音字母＋y”在词尾,变y为i加-ed,study→studied看仔细。“一辅重闭”作尾巴,双写之后-ed加,stop→stopped理不差。(3)动词现在分词的构成规则动词原形现在分词一般情况下直接加-ing。eat吃study学习eatingstudying以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e,再加-ing。come来take拿走comingtaking少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie为y,再加-ing。die死lie说谎;躺dyinglying规则动词原形现在分词以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ing。sit坐begin开始run跑sittingbeginningrunning口诀记忆现在分词的构成现在分词用途多,进行时态少不得。它的构成很好记,动词后缀-ing。词尾若有哑音e,去e再加没问题。一辅重读闭音节,这个字母要双写。还有一点要注意,变ie为y再加-ing。考点6

动词短语(1)动词＋介词只能用作及物动词短语,无论宾语是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。agree

with

同意

begin

with

以……开始come

from

来自

feel

like

想要look

like

看起来像

hear

from

收到……的来信hear

of

听说

knock

at

敲laugh

at

嘲笑

look

at

看……look

after

照看

look

for

寻找listen

to

听……

send

for

派人去请think

of

想起

think

about

考虑(2)动词＋副词可用作及物或不及物动词短语。如果作及物动词短语,若宾语是名词,可以放在副词之后,也可以放在动词和副词之间;若宾语是代词,则必须放在动词与副词之间。eat

up

吃光

give

up

放弃look

up

查阅

pick

up

拾起,捡起put

up

搭建;举起

ring

up

给……打电话wake

up

唤醒

dress

up

乔装打扮hurry

up

赶快

send

up

发射find

out

查出

sell

out

卖完put

on

穿上;上演

try

on

试穿turn

on

打开

take

away

取走,拿走put

away

放好

come

in

进来get

up

起床

go

on

继续(3)动词＋副词＋介词用作及物动词短语,宾语要置于介词之后。catch

up

with

赶上do

well

in

在……方面做得好get

on

with

与……相处look

forward

to

盼望come

over

to

顺便来访(4)动词＋名词＋介词take

care

of

照料;照顾have

a

look

at

看一看make

friends

with

与……交朋友make

fun

of

开……的玩笑pay

attention

to

注意make

use

of

利用(5)be＋形容词＋介词be

afraid

of

害怕

be

angry

with

生……的气be

busy

with

忙于

be

good

at

擅长be

full

of

充满

be

late

for

迟到be

interested

in

对……感兴趣be

different

from

与……不同be

worried

about

对……担心be

covered

with

被……覆盖be

friendly

to

对……友好专项能力检测Ⅰ.单项选择1.(2022·浙江温州)—Thomas,wherearemypostcards?I

A

⁠findthem.

—They’reonthebookshelf.A.can’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.shouldn’t2.(2022·浙江温州)InChina,peopleusually

A

⁠theirhousestosweepawaybadluckbeforetheSpringFestival.

A.cleanupB.lookupC.makeupD.putupA

A

3.(2022·江苏宿迁)—Goodnews!TheShenzhou

mannedspacecrafthasbeensentintospacesuccessfully.—That

C

⁠excitingandencouraging!

A.turnsB.tastesC.soundsD.smells4.(2022·安徽)—DoyouknowthespacewomanWangYaping?—Sure.Sheiscalledthemotherwho

D

⁠thestars.

A.gaveoutB.putawayC.lookedafterD.reachedforC

D

5.(2022·天津)Thebook

B

⁠beMary’s.Wecanseehernameonit.

A.needB.mustC.can’tD.needn’t6.(2022·天津)MyauntofferedmeadictionaryandI

A

⁠ithappily.

A.acceptedB.invitedC.mixedD.grew7.(2022·江西)

A

⁠me,I’llshowyoutheway.

A.FollowB.ForgetC.LeaveD.PunishB

A

A

8.(2022·四川乐山改编)—Mustweweartheschoolclothestomorrow,Mr.Wang?—No,you

B

⁠.OnlyonMondays.

TomorrowisTuesday.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.couldn’t9.(2022·江苏扬州)Peopleincoldareas

B

⁠warmcolorstocalmcolorsintheirhomes.

A.protectB.preferC.pronounceD.practiceB

B

10.(2022·湖北黄冈)—Dad,howaboutplantingsometreesinouryard?—Goodidea!Treescan

B

⁠thewaterfromwashingtheearthaway.

A.acceptB.preventC.discoverD.choose11.(2022·辽宁本溪)Please

D

⁠thetallbuildingsifthewindblowshard.

A.runoutofB.catchupwithC.getonwithD.keepawayfromB

D

12.(2022·四川泸州)—Paul,haveyoutriedthischicken?It’saspecialinLuzhouandhasbeenintroducedintheTVprogramA

Bite

of

China.—Yes,it

C

⁠hotbutdelicious.

A.eatsB.looksC.tastesD.sees13.(2022·四川泸州)—XiaoMing,whatnewsareyoureading?—Shenzhou

withthreeastronauts

A

⁠spaceonJune5th,2022.

A.leftforB.waitedforC.askedforD.arguedforC

A

14.(2022·湖北武汉)—Please

A

⁠thesedonationsforkids.

—OK,letmesee.Perfect!Kidshereareingreatneedoftoysandbooks.A.checkoutB.cutdownC.selloutD.turndown15.(2022·四川自贡改编)—Howcanwesaveelectricityindailylife?—By

A

⁠thelightswhenweleavearoom,forexample.

A.turningoffB.puttingoffC.takingoffD.turningonA

A

16.(2022·江苏连云港)Thepublicsign

inthelibrarymeanspeople

D

⁠smokethere.

A.couldB.mustC.couldn’tD.mustn’t17.(2022·江苏连云港)ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendar

A

⁠ayear

A

⁠24solarterms(节气).

A.divides;intoB.mixes;withC.translates;intoD.covers;withD

A

A

18.(2022·湖南怀化改编)—WhoseEnglishbookisthis?—It

A

⁠beLily’s,butI’mnotsure.

A.mightB.can’tC.mustD.needn’t19.(2022·云南昆明)Doingchoreshelpstoimprovechildren’sindependenceandteachesthemhowto

B

⁠themselves.

A.lookforB.lookafterC.looklikeD.lookthroughA

B

20.(2022·江苏宿迁)—Allofus

B

⁠followthetrafficruleswhengoingout.

—Exactly!Safetycomesfirst.A.mightB.mustC.mayD.could21.(2022·湖北武汉)—Alex,comedowntoplayfootball.—Ican’t.MomsaidI

A

⁠cleanmybedroombeforedoinganythingelse.

A.hadtoB.willC.usedtoD.canB

A

22.(2022·天津)Hethankedmefor

B

⁠themistakesinhishomework.

A.goingoutB.pointingoutC.turningonD.puttingon23.(2022·甘肃武威)Let’s

B

⁠thechickenandmakesomesoup.

A.lookatB.cutupC.putoffD.knockagainst24.(2022·云南)—Howwasyourcampinginthecountrysidelastweekend?—Itwasgreat.We

A

⁠atentbythelakeandhadmuchfun.

A.putupB.putoffC.putonD.putinB

B

A

25.(2022·安徽)—Youcan

A

⁠betweenjoiningthedancingclubandgoingtothechessclub.

—Iconsidergoingtothechessclub,forIlikeplayingchessbetter.A.decideB.guessC.hideD.wait26.(2022·江苏扬州)Insuchcheerfulconversation,thetime

C

⁠alltooquickly.

A.wentupB.wentdownC.wentbyD.wentbackA

C

27.(2022·四川遂宁)ManyChinesepeopleusually

A

⁠somepapercuttingsonwindows,doorsandwallsassymbolsofwishesforgoodluck.

A.putupB.putoffC.cutupD.cutoff28.(2022·四川达州)—Weneedmoretimetoseehowthingsdevelopbeforewe

B

⁠.

—Iagreewithyou.A.takeafterB.takeactionC.taketurnD.takeawayA

B

29.(2022·湖北武汉)—Lauraspokeveryslowlytopeopleto

B

⁠whatshewouldsay.

—Shejustwantedtothinkaboutwhatotherswerefeeling.A.surveyB.weighC.supportD.repeat30.(2022·湖北武汉)—Jack,tellmehowto

B

⁠thisinformation.

—Allright,Grandma.Youcantypeiton