外文文献翻译开发一个评估施工现场安全管理系统有效性的模型

外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：TeoEAL,LingFYY.Developingamodeltomeasuretheeffectivenessofsafetymanagementsystemsofconstructionsites[J].Building&Environment,2006,41(11):1584-1592.英文原文DevelopingamodeltomeasuretheeffectivenessofsafetymanagementsystemsofconstructionsitesEALTeoFYYLingAbstractInSingapore,wheretheimplementationoftheSMSandSMSauditsofthebuildingindustryhasbeenaroundforadecadenow,theimprovementinsafetystandardsisnotsignificant.Inresponsetotheneedforimprovedeffectiveness(SMS)andthepurposeoftheauditofthesafetymanagementsystem,thispaperproposesamethodologywherepersonnelcanusetestingtoolstoassesstheeffectivenessofauditingbuildingcompanysafetymanagementsystems.Theresearchmethodused15stepstoconductsurveys.Securityexpertswereinvitedtoexpresstheiropinionsthroughinterviewsorwork.AnalyticHierarchyProcess(AHP)andfactoranalysisareusedtohelpidentifythemostcriticalfactorsandattributesthataffectthesafety.ThismodeldevelopsamethodusingtheMulti-attributeValueModel(MAVT).ThismethodcanbeverifiedbythewebsiteandcalculatedusingtheCSIinthemodel.TheresultsshowthatthemodelcanbeusedasameasureofobjectiveCSIfordifferentmanagementandevaluation.Keywords:safetymanagementsystem;safetyaudit;constructionsafetyindex1Introduction:ArgumentssupportingthisworkTheSafetyManagementSystem(SMS)servesasaformalsystemforthemanagementofsitesafetyintheconstructionindustry.Contractorsexpectmanagementsitesafetytopassthroughthenormalsafetymanagementsystem.Itisimportanttoevaluatethesesystemseffectivelysothattheinadequaciescanbecorrected.Theresearchworkisconductedunderthesupervisionofthecollaborationandoccupationalsafetydepartment.Thehumanresourcesdepartmentcanmeasuretheeffectivenessofaconstructionsite'ssafetymanagementsystembasedontheauthority'sevaluationauditprotocol.TheSingaporeConstructionIndustryServiceimplementedtheauditofthesafetymanagementsystemforabouttenyears,buttheimprovedsafetyeffectwasnotsignificant.This,liketheshipbuildingindustry,hasundergoneaphaseofstableimprovementofsafetyperformance.Thelackofsecurityimprovementsaftertheimplementationoftheindicators(SMS)andthesafetymanagementsystemauditmaybeduetothelackofsafetymanagementstructuresandstandards.InSingapore,therearenorulesandpoliciesgoverningSMS,andthemissingpartsaredraftedbytheconstructioncompany.Thisisoftennotthecase.Thecontractorsthinkthattheyhaveenoughtimetoauditthesecuritymanagementsystem.Previousstudieshavefoundthatasuccessfulsecurityrelationshipsystemhelpspreventaccidentsatconstructionsites.Therefore,itisnecessarytoprovideacomprehensivelistofattributesandperformancethatmayaffectitssecuritywork,andthereisnostandardprotocolforsecurityauditmethods.Eachsecurityauditingservicehasitsownsetofauditingmethods.TheconstructionsafetymanagementsystemcodeisbasedonthewidelyusedproceduresinSingapore.Tofindoutifthesitehasaneffectivesafetymanagementsystem,thegovernmentisrequiredtoconductasafetyinspectioneverysixmonths.Theproblemisthatsofarnostandardizedtoolshavebeenabletoobjectivelyauditandassessthecompany'ssafetymanagementsystem.Thereisalsoabigdifferencebetweenaudits,summarydifferences,andquestionsaboutsecuritystandards.Inviewoftheneedtoimproveitsefficacyandreviewofsafetymanagementsystems,thepurposeofthisarticleistoproposeatoolmethodfordevelopmentandtestingthatcanuseauditorstoevaluatetheeffectivenessandsafetymanagementsystemofaconstructioncompany.Thisgoalisveryimportantbecausetheindustrycandevelopanauditpurposeandbenchmarkthroughastandardmethod.Thepurposeofthissurveyistodevelopanauditprotocoltoeffectivelyevaluatethesecuritymanagementsystemofthewebsite.Thisisthetoolusedforthedevelopmentandtestevaluationsobtained.ThesesitesareusedtocalculatetheConstructionSafetyIndex(CSI).Thisisasafetymanagementsystemthatexpressestheeffectivenessofaconstructionsitewithaquantitativescore.Securityauditingisthesumoftheefficiency,effectiveness,andreliabilityofcollectingindependentinformationinthestructuredprocess.Securityauditsareusedtoformulatecorrectivemeasuresforthesecuritymanagementsystem.Effectivenessisveryimportantindeterminingthesafetymanagementsystem.Gibbfoundthattheauditsystempriortotheoccurrenceoftheaccidentwassuccessfullyenhanced,andthesafetyperformanceofthesafetymanagementwasalsocrucial.TheCoxandCoxteamsfoundthatsecurityauditingisoneofthemostimportantfactorsinthesecuritymanagementsystem.Itprovidesmanagerswithstandardsforfurthercompliancewiththesecuritymanagementsystem.Safeworkstemsfrompracticebyobservingreliableandcontinuousfeedbackonsafeproductionlevels.Therefore,timelysafetyinspectionswillhelpidentifystrongandweakcurrentsafetyproceduresandpreventanyareasofproblemsthatmayhaveadverseimpactsfrombeingsuccessfullyprevented.Thisallowscompaniestoobtaingreaterbenefitsandmeetthedeploymentofprogramresources.2SafetyManagementSystemsServestheConstructionIndustryInSingapore,MOMisthelegislativebodyfortheprogressofgovernmentregulatorymechanismsandisresponsibleforimplementingsecurityissues.ItmainlyfocusesonthechaptersoftheFactoryAct(104)andthe“BuildingFactoryOperationsandWorkConstruction(BOWEC)Regulations”thatmustbefollowedinthesafetylegislationwebsite.TheBOWECregulationsrequirethatallconstructionworkcitiesandcontractsworth$10millionbebasedonasafetymanagementsystemcode,namelytheBuildingSafetyManagementSystem(CP).Ifthevalueofthecontractbetweenworkingcitiesislessthan10millionUSdollars,thereisnoneedtoimplementasafetymanagementsystem,buttheyalsoencourageimplementation.The14majorsecuritymanagementelementsofCP79areasfollows:•Securitypolicy;•Safeworkingpractices;•SafetyTraining;•Workinggroupmeetings;•Incidentinvestigationandanalysis;•Internalsafetyrulesandregulations;•Safepromotion,evaluation,selectionandmanagementofcontractors;•Securitycheck;•Maintainingallthemachineryandequipmentoftheregime;•hazardanalysis;•Motioncontrolandhazardoussubstances;•Chemicalmaterials;•Emergencyhandling;•Occupationalhealthplan.Eachunitprovidesdetailedconstructionguidancetoorganizeandmanagetheircompany'sapplicationsitetoensurethesafetyofcompanypersonnelandthepublic.However,CP79isdestinednottobeclosedinastrictgroupbecausetheconstructionofeachregulationprojectisdifferent.TheprojectmanagermustcarefullyinterprettheenvironmentalguidelinesofthearticlesintheCodeofPracticetoadapttothisproject.InadditiontoSingapore,thesafetymanagementsystemalsoneedstobedevelopedinothercountries.RecallingtheuseofsafetymanagementsystemsinHongKong,Australia,theUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdom,itwasfoundthatSingapore'sCPintegrationintheyearof2007wasveryexcitingandcoveredalllevelsofconstructionprojectsandorganizations.However,attentionispaidtohigher-levelissues,suchasinadequatemanagementcommitmentcomparedtoAustraliaandtheUnitedKingdom.ThesystemusedinthismethodisdifferentfromthespecificdetailsintheUK,buttheyhighlighttheneedformanagement,wheretheopinionsandcommentsgivenbytheirparticipationareveryimportant.Manystudieshaveshownthatthecoreelementsinvolvedinthemanagementofthesafetymanagementsystemaredifficulttoimplementsafetyproductionmeasuresandestablishsafetycultureorganizationswithoutthesupportofjointmanagement.3ResearchMethodsThefirststepistoreviewvarioussafetymanagementsystemstandardsandknownrelativelyhighsafetystandardsinselecteddevelopedcountriesasguidelines.ThesecountriesincludeHongKong,Australia,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.Inthesecondstep,thechoiceofrelevantattributesshouldbebasedonliteratureanalysisandresearchonnationalsecuritymanagementsystems.Then,questionnairesareusedtoinvestigatetheorderofperceivedimportanceofpractitioners.Questionnairesurveyswereconducted.RandomlyselectedSingapore's420buildingcontractorswithregisteredconstructionagencies(Step3).ThefourthstepistoreviewandrewardtheSafetyPerformanceAward(ASPA)toencouragetheseorganizationstochoosetousethesafetymanagementsystem.Inthefifthstep,thethreesecurityauditorswhoconductedtheinterviewidentifiedtheirauditingpracticesanddevelopedapreliminaryframeworkbasedonliteratureanalysisandpostalsurveyresults(Step6andStep7).Amodelisusedtomeasuretheeffectivenessoftheinventionsafetymanagementsystem(eighthstep),whichisbasedonmulti-attributetechnology(MAVT).InstepVIII,allpossibleattributesareincludedinthemodelandidentifiedbyCP79.Thesefactors,tools,andpracticesarefromothercountries.Throughtheimportantweightfactorandattributeframework“CSICrimeScene”inStep9andStep10,thefirst-levelandsecond-levelfactorattributesweredetermined.The30expertswereinterviewedandanalyzedtodeterminetheindexweightanalysismethod(AHP)(Step9).Duetothelargeamountoftimerequiredtocomparethelevelofanalytichierarchyprocess(AHP)andthelow-levelattributes,theLiKescalewasdeterminedonthebasisofthelowerlevelpropertyrightfocus,andtheheavyweightexpertsofthetwelveindustrieswereinterviewed.Itsimportance.4ModelConstruction(Step8)TheMAVTmodeldiscoveredmanyattributesaffectingsafetyfromliteratureresearchandsurveyresults.TheMAVTmethoddevelopedascoringmodeltosolvemultipleattributesoftheproblem.Thatis,eachattributespecifiesaweighttoreflectitsimportance.Degreesuse0–1torepresentallofitsattributes.Afterthat,theweightismultipliedbytheratingandtheproductcontainseachchoice.Themodelneedstodeterminethefollowing:•Attributelistneedsevaluation;•weightofattributeimportance;•Thescoreofeachattributeoftheconstructionsite;•Thechoiceofdeterminingeachgatheringrule.4.1PropertyListContractorsandtheirattributebuildingwebsitesneedtoachievesafetycertificationinordertoensureahighlevelofinvestigationintherelevanttestingindustry.Thissignificant,significantvariableisinputintotheSPSSsoftwareforfactorandstructuralanalysistodeterminewhetheritispossibletoproposeasecuritystrategythatislinkedtomanyaspects.Factoranalysisisapossibleparameterrelatedtoimportantstructuresaffectedbythisfactvariableandcanrepresentitsbasicstructureintheformofconcisenessandrecognition.Factoranalysisgeneratesfourmajorcomponents,policyfactors,processfactors,incentives,andpersonnel.Eachfactorconsistsofmultipleattributes.Thesefourfactorsandrelatedattributesarearrangedintofivehierarchicaltreestorepresentvalue,wherethegoalsmaybeabstractatthetopandcoherentandlogicalatthelowerlevels.Decisionmakersofhigher-levelgoalsoftenglobalizegoalsthatrequirethehighestorderandmustcollectivelyrepresenttheoverallgoalofthedecision-maker.Eachhigh-levelgoalistobedividedfirst,dividedintointermediatelevelgoals,andfinallydividedintolow-levelgoals.Thisvalueattributetreemusthaveawell-orderedstructuretohelpevaluatetheproblemandtoinspiretheimportanceoftheroleofweightedbranches.Inthisstudy,thehighestlevelofpurposeiscalled"factor."Thefourfactorsare:policy,process,personnel,andmotivation.Thesecondlevelofcharacteristicsisofgreatsignificance.Itsattributesarederivedfromquestionnairesurveys.Eachsecond-levelattributeisfurtherscoreduntilthelower-levelattributeismoderatelyreducedtogettheattribute.Thislistcontains590attributesandtheCSIcrimescenelist.4.2AttributeimportanceweightItisnecessarytodistinguishbetweenthesetwoaspects,whichattributesareidealinthe3P+Ilevelframework,suchasthe590attributedetailsmentionedabove,becausetheimportanceofdifferentattributessupportsthesecurityofdifferentwebsites.Therefore,itisnecessarytoestablishthedegreeofevaluationattributes,analyzetheimportanceofeachattribute,whichismainlyusedtodeterminetheimportanceofthemanufacturer,soitexpressestheevaluationofeachother'sattributesinrelationtootherattributes,theweightindicatoristhemostdeterminedbythismanufacturer.Akeyquantitativeanalysismethod.Thereareseveralconventionsthatcomefromtheweightingsystemforassigningattributes.Usingaconventiontree-levelanalysisofeachweight-bearingtreeyieldstheproliferationoftrees,thatis,eachhierarchicaltreewithasumofweightsof1.ThisstudyusestheimportanceweightsofSaaty's(19)AnalyticHierarchyProcess(AHP)toanalyzehigher-levelattributes(hierarchies1and2).Usingquestionnairestoobtaintheweightsofthefirstandsecondlevelsusingtheanalytichierarchyprocess.Theweightingofthesefourfactors(policy,process,personnel,andincentives)formsthefirstlevelofweight.Thesecondhierarchical3P+Imodelquestionnaireconsistsoffiveparts:(1)On-sitesecuritypolicies,processesandpersonnelincentives(primaryweight)throughrelevantfactors;(2)Relevantfactorson-sitesafetythroughpolicyaspects(Twolevelsofweight);(3)Relevantfactorson-sitesafetythroughtheprocess;(4)Relevantfactorsonpersonnel(secondaryweight);(5)Passedfactorsandon-sitesafetyincentives(secondaryweight).UsingtheSaaty(19)techniqueoftheAnalyticHierarchyProcess(AHP),respondentscomparedeachelementorcitedthereasonfortheoppositioninsequenceorcomparedtheother9pointstoillustratetheirrelativeimportance.Theimportanceofintensitymeasuresisscoredfrom1to9toindicateits“absoluteimportance”.Eachelementisarrangedinorderandisinconflictwiththeothertoestablishitsimportance.Forexample,theelementoftheelementinthepolicyfactoristhefactorthatshowstherelativeimportanceorprocessofcomparingthescaleoftheprocessfactors,thedirectionofthebidirectional0-9.Choosingtheexperienceofanumberinrelationtoaperson’sresidence,trials,andconstructionprojectsisactivelyinvolved.Thisisdonetoreducepossibledeviationsfromaparticularproject.Usingtheanalytichierarchyprocesstodeterminetheweightofindicators,30experiencedexpertsconductedfieldsafetystudies.Theyrepresentdifferentstakeholdersintheconstructionofthevaluechainsuchascontractors,customersinthepublicsector,governmentsecuritydepartmentsandsecurityauditconsultingcompanies.Allrespondentshavemorethan5yearsofexperienceintheconstructionindustry.Theyadvocatetheinvitationofexpertsbecausetheyconsiderthenecessaryknowledgeandworkexperiencenecessaryforthesafemanagementoftheconstructionprojectstheyhandle.Collectingrelevantinformationandface-to-facequestionnaires,eachconversationlastedabout2hours.Theyweresolvedthroughfourfactors(level1)surveysandcomparisons.Respondentsaskedforacomparisonofvariables.Theymustgivescorestoimprovetheirurbanconstructionofthesafetymanagementsystem.TheirtruereliabilityisbasedontheexperienceoftherespondentanddoesnotaffectSummarizedbyanyvariable.First,thesecond-levelweightwascalculatedbysummingupthe16respondentsandtakingtheapproximateweightoftheaverage.Therelativeimportanceofthe3p+Imodel,indescendingorder,is:•Personalfactors,•Stimulus,•Processfactors,•Policyfactors.9ConclusionThemodeldevelopmentandtestcomputingCSIanditsaccompanyingtoolsdescribedinthispapercanbeusedtoreviewtheeffectivenessoftheconstructioncompany'ssafetymanagementsystem.Acomprehensivelisthasidentified590attributesthatcanbeusedtoassessconstructionsafety.AnalyticHierarchyProcess(AHP)isusedtodeterminethedescriptionprocessforthefirstandsecond-levelweightmethods.The5-pointLikertquantityisusedtoexpresstheimportanceweightsthatdeterminelow-levelattributes.The3P+Imodelisusedtotestwhethertheseweightsarenormal.Thisarticlealsodiscussesevaluationmethods,models,andaggregationrulesforallcomponents.Basedonthisratingmethod,fiveexpertinterviewsandfinalevaluationmethodsarefourpossibleevaluationoptions:0/1,0-1,0/1/NA0-1/NA.Themodelisalsoverifiedthroughon-siteaudits.Themainpurposeoftheauditistotesttheobjectivityoftheevaluationmethod.Thisisaveryimportantaudittoolthatcanbeusedinmanyways.Fivetechniciansconductedauditsatthreedifferentlocations,indicatingthatthemodelisobjectivebecausetheShanghai-Shenzhenstandarddeviationrangedfrom0.019to0.057.Inaddition,theShanghaiandShenzheninventorieshavealsobeenimprovedtoensuretheiravailabilityandintelligibility.ThecalculationofCSIdevelopmentandtestingthroughtheframeworkinthisstudyisveryimportantbecauseitcanserveasareferenceformeasuringtheeffectivenessofaproject'ssafetymanagementsystemassessment.Themodelisalsoveryimportantintheconstructionindustryandisusedtodeterminetheeffectivenessofthesafetymanagementsystemandsafetymanagementsystemaudits.Thisisbecausetherehasbeennostandardizedauditingtool,whichcanobjectivelyassessthestrengthandweaknessofthesafetymanagementsystem.Themodeldevelopedandtestedinthisstudyservesasanindustry-standardauditmethodthatachievesthepurposeofsecurityauditstoreducethedifferencesbetweendifferentsecurityconsultantsandauditingstandards.InvalidsafetymanagementsystemcanbedeterminedbythelowCSIscore.Takemeasuresfromtheretoimprovesitesafety.Thismodelservesasanactualsafetytestingtool.Thepurposeofitsresearchistomeettheneedsoftherealityandtodeterminetheeffectivenessoftheauditofthesafetymanagementsystemandthesafetymanagementsystem.Obviously,themodeldevelopedinthisstudycouldnotsolvethesecurityissuesonallprojects.Thereshouldbeaproperframeworkforreducingthenumberofaccidents.Whatismostimportantforstrengtheningthesafetyofconstructionsitesrequirescarefulconsideration.Thenewframeworkdevelopedinthisstudyrequiresajointefforttodealwithsafetyhazards.Allstakeholdersmustidentifyrisks,assumeresponsibilities,takemeasurestopreventormitigatesafetyhazards,andentrenchsafetyculture.中文译文开发一个评估施工现场安全管理系统有效性的模型作者：EALTeo，FYYLing摘要在新加坡,实施了建筑行业安全管理系统(SMS)和SMS审计大约有十年之久的现在,安全标准的提高并不显著。为了回应需要改进的有效性(SMS)和安全管理体系审计的目的,本文提出了一种方法,人员可以利用测试工具来评估审计建筑公司安全管理体系的有效性。研究方法采用了15个步进行调查,安全专家被邀请通过面试或工作表达自己的意见。层次分析法(AHP)及因子分析是用来协助识别影响最为关键的因素和属性的安全。该模型开发利用多属性值模型(MAVT)的方法。该方法可以通过网站得到验证审核,利用模型中施工安全指数(CSI)可以计算出来。结果表明,该模型可以作为一个客观CSI衡量不同管理和评估。关键词:安全管理体系;安全审核;施工安全指数1引言:支撑这一工作的论据安全管理体系(SMS)作为建筑业一个正式制度的管理现场安全的体系。承包商预期管理现场安全通过正常的安全管理体系。如何有效地评价这些系统是很重要的,这样可以使不足之处得以更正。该研究工作是在协作与职业安全部门监督下进行的,人力资源部门可根据当局评价审计协议来衡量一个建筑工地的有效性的安全管理体系。新加坡建筑行业服务实施了安全管理体系审计大约有十年之久了,但是提高的安全效果并不显著。这与影响船舶的修建行业一样,经历了一个稳定提高安全性能的阶段。实施后的指标(SMS)和安全管理体系审计缺乏安全的改进可能是由于缺少安全管理结构和标准。在新加坡,没有规定管理SMS的方式和政策,缺少的部分由建筑公司起草。事情往往不是这样,承包商的人认为,他们有足够的时间来审计安全管理体系的安全。以往的研究发现成功的安全关系体系在建筑工地有助于防止事故的发生。因此,必须提供一个全面的属性清单以及可能影响其安全工作的性能,同时也没有标准协议上的安全进行审计方法。各项安全审计事务有它自己的一套审计方法,施工安全管理系统守则基于在新加坡的广泛使用的规程实施。想知道网站是否有一个有效的安全管理体系,政府被要求每六个月进行一次安全管理体系的检查。问题是,迄今为止没有标准化的工具能客观的审计和有效性的去评估公司的安全管理体系。还有一个大型的审计之间的差异,摘要的不同,以及安全标准的疑问。针对需要提高其疗效和安全管理体系的审核,这篇文章的目的是提出一种开发和测试的工具方法,可以用审计师评估一家建筑公司的有效性及安全管理体系。这个目标是非常重要的,因为行业通过一个标准方法,可以开发一个审计的目的和基准。这个调查的目的是制定一项审计协议来有效的评价解释网站的安全管理体系。这是取得的发展和测试评估使用的工具,这些网站用来计算施工安全指数(CSI)。这是用一个定量的成绩表示一个建筑工地效能水平的安全管理体系。安全审计是一种收集结构化过程独立信息的效率、效果和可靠性的总和,通过安全审计来对安全管理体系制订纠正措施。有效性在确定安全管理体系中是很重要的。Gibb发现有监测事故发生前的审计系统成功实现了加强的效果,安全管理的安全性能也是至关重要的。考克斯和考克斯团队发现安全审计是安全管理体系最重要的因素之一,它为管理者提供进一步符合的安全管理体系的标准。安全工作源于实践,通过观察可靠和延续的反馈安全生产水平。因此,及时的安全检查将帮助确定强项和弱项电流安全程序,使任何可能造成不利影响的问题区域得以成功的预防,这使公司能获得更大的利益且符合程序资源部署。2安全管理体系服务于建筑行业在新加坡,MOM是政府调控机制研究进展的立法机构,负责执行安全问题的地方。主要制定安全立法网站必须遵守的工厂法案章节(104)和《工厂大楼运营和工作建设工程)(BOWEC)规例》。BOWEC法规要求所有的施工工作城市及合同价值$1000万基础上的制定了一个安全管理体系守则,即建筑安全管理系统(CP)。工作城市间合同价值少于1000万美元的,不需要执行安全管理体系,但是他们也鼓励要去执行。CP79的14个主要安全管理元素如下:·安全政策;·安全工作实践;·安全培训;·工作组会议;·事故调查和分析;·内部安全规则和条例;·安全推广,评价、选择和管理承包商;·安全检查;·维护政权所有的机器和设备;·危害分析;·运动控制和有害物质;·化学材料;·紧急事件处置;·职业健康计划。每个单元提供详细的施工指导意见来组织和管理他们公司的应用网站,以确保公司人员和公众的安全。然而,CP79注定不会被封闭在一个严格的组,因为每个法规的建设项目是不同的。项目经理必须小心解释条款在《实务守则》中适应这个项目的环境指南。除了新加坡、安全管理体系也需要在其他国家发展。回顾安全管理体系在香港,澳大利亚,美国和英国的使用发现79年新加坡的CP综合非常激动人心,并涵盖所有级别的建设项目和组织。然而,关注更高水平的问题,如管理承诺不足相比澳大利亚和英国。这方法采用的体系不同于英国具体丰富的细节,但他们凸显需要进行管理,在那里他们的参与给出的意见和评论非常重要。很多研究表明,参与管理安全管理体系的核心元素,若没有联合管理的支持是难以执行安全生产措施和建立安全文化组织的。3研究方法第一步是复习各种安全管理体系标准和选定发达国家已知有且相对较高的安全标准作为指导方针。这些国家包括香港、澳大利亚、英国和美国。第二步,相关属性的选择要进行基于文献分析及研究各国安全管理体系。然后以问卷的方式调查从业者的感知重要性的顺序排列。发放问卷调查,随机选取新加坡的420名有注册建筑施工机构的建筑承包商(步骤三)。第四步,审核并奖励安全性能奖(ASPA)来鼓励选择使用安全管理体系的这些组织。第五步,进行访谈的三个安全审计人员找出其审计的实践,开发了一个以文献分析及邮政调查结果为基础的初步的框架(步骤六、步骤七)。通过一个模型来衡量发明安全管理体系的有效性(第八步),该模型基于多属性技术(MAVT)。在步骤八,所有可能的属性纳入该模型并通过CP79鉴定,这些因素、工具和实践来自其他国家。通过步骤九和步骤十的重要性权重因素和属性框架《CSI犯罪现场》确定第一级和二级因素属性,30位专家们接受了采访,分析确定了指标的权重层次分析法(AHP)(步骤9)。由于需要大量的时间进行层次分析法(AHP)和低等级属性的数量的比较,在较低的水平属性权重点的基础上,确定李克量表,十二个行业的重量级专家接受了采访体现了它的重要性。4模型构造(第八步)MAVT模型从文献研究和调查结果发现许多影响安全的属性,MAVT方法在解决这个问题的多重属性上开发了一个得分模型,即每个属性指定一个重量来反映其重要性,每个施工现场的标度上用0–1表示其所有属性,此后,重量乘以评级,产品包含每个选择。该模型需要确定如下内容:·属性列表需要评价;·属性重要性的权重;·施工现场各个属性的评分;·对