阅读理解-细节理解题-2023年高考英语复习解析版（全国通用）

秘籍Ol阅读理解-细节理解题

目录

高考预测考查概率预测；难度预测；考向预测

应试秘籍常考题型解题技法分析

典例剖析单题训练（文体分类）篇章模考题训练

误区点拨常见错点梳理习题训练巩固

名校模拟2023最新省市名校模拟真题考点综合训练

概率预测☆☆☆☆☆

难度预测☆☆☆

①应用文的考查（同词复现；同义词替换；数字计算及单位换算）

考向预测②记叙文的考查（同义句的替换；主要是动词；形容词的替换）

③说明文的考查（同义句的替换；句式替换；主被动）

应试秘籍

细节理解题相对比较简单，但在高考阅读理解中占了60%的比重。细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接

信息题、数字计算题、细节排序题和正误判断题。分析近三年的高考真题可知:直接信息题和间接信息题为

高频考点，其他皆为低频考点。

L直接信息题：较简单，题干关键词文中定位找答案

2.间接信息题：运用词义转换进行归纳概况

3.数字计算题：对数字分析计算

4.正误判断题：难度较大，在文章中较为分散

一直接信息题

1.查找题干关键词

2.速回原文定位关键词（不一定是原词，关注同义词、反义词等）

3.核对（原文和选项对比，注意细节）

二间接信息题

相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题

目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。

三数字计算题

1.仔细阅读文字说明部分，准确把握图表信息。

2.审读题干，定位关键词。

3.运用公式计算，经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。

四正误判断题

是细节理解题中解题比较繁琐的题目，说其繁琐，因为其信息不像其他类题目那样集中在文章的某一句或

某一段，而是分散在文章的各个角落。对于这类题目，考生要静下心来，看清范围，确定方向，找到每一

个选项的对应信息后，谨慎排除，综合选优。题型涉及notgiven/notmentioned/contradicted/correct/incorrect/

true/faɪse等词o

1.详细阅读并理解答题指引部分，确定答题方式。

2.深刻理解问题的含义，严格依据文章本身意思理解和推断，不能想当然。

3.找出句中的关键词语。

4.仔细查看文章中关键词语所在句子中的含义。认真区分false和notgiven,false与原文相反、相冲突；not

give则不相冲突，但未提及。

5.利用语法、词法判断答案所在相关句子的肯定与否定含义。

凄典例剖析

（2022•全国乙卷∙A篇）

HenryRaeburn（1756-1823）

TheExhibition

ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland,sbestlovedpainterSir

HenryRaeburncomestoLondonSelectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworlditisthefirstmajorexhibitionof

hisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.

LectureSeries

ScottishNationalPOrtrait（肖像画）Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.Theyareheldin

theLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.

AnIntroductiontoRaeburnRaebum,sEnglishContemporaries

Sunday26Oct.,15.00Thursday30Oct.,13.10

DUNCANTHOMSONJUDYEGERTON

CharactersandCharacterisationinRaebumandArtist,sTraininginZe

Raebum,sPortraits18thCentury

Thursday6Nov13.10Thursday13Novl3.10

NICHOLASPHILLIPSONMARTINPOSTLE

ExhibitionTimes

Admission

£4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.

SchoolsandColleges

Aspeciallowentrancechargeof£2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincluding

thoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.

21.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaebum,sEnglishContemporaries?

A.Sun.26Oct.

B.Thurs.30Oct.

C.Thurs.6Nov.

D.Thurs.13Nov.

23.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?

A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.

B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.

C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.

D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.

题干中的关键词：21.Raebum,sEnglishContemporaries；22.full-timestudentsget

查找关键词

groupdiscounts

定位：21.用RaebUm'sEnglishContemporaries寻读，在文中找到信息源----根

定位原文核对

据LeCtUreSerieS部分的表格可知，Raeburn'sEnglishContemPOrarieS举行的时间是

细节

Thursday30Octo

22.用full-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts寻读,在文中找到信息源----Aspecial

lowentrancechargeoflE2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation...in

organisedgroupswithteachers可知，可知，只有加入老师组织的团队，即在老师的

带领下，全日制学生才能享受团体折扣。

【2022年新高考I卷A篇］

GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature

GradingScale

90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.

Essays(60%)

Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay

2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.

GroupAssignments(30%)

Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作业)duringthecourse.Alltheassignmentswill

besubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.

DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)

Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsor

testsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion,soitisimportantto

takecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeɪwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassor

shortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.

LateWork

Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnot

turnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillget

azero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.

1.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atextbook.B.Anexampaper.C.Acourseplan.D.Anacademicarticle.

2.Howmanypartsisastudent,sfinalgrademadeupof?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

3.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?

A.Youwillreceiveazero.B.Youwilllosealettergrade.

C.Youwillbegivenatest.D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.

【答案】LC2.B3.A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。

【1题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章标题“GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratUre(文学概论课程评分办法)''和Essays

(60%)部分“Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeofforthiscourse(你的四篇主

要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)''可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。由此推知，本文是出自一

个课程计划。故选C项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据黑体小标题"Essays(60%)”以及"GroupAssignments(30%)”和"DailyWork/In-ClassWritings

andTestsZGroupsWOrk/Homework(10%)"UJ知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B项。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据"LateWOrk”部分"Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnaZero.(如果

没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)“可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。

故选A项。

第一步：原文定位关键词

抓关键题干中的关键词：cherries

定位:用cheιτies寻读，在文中找到信息源----Asforcherries（樱桃）,theyareso

锁信息

deliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

第二步：精读核对细节

选项选项意思定位

A它们含有蛋白质。张冠李戴

B它们富含维生素Ao张冠李戴

C它们口感好。同义替换

_________________

D它们含有丰富的抗氧化物质。张冠李戴

［分析］选C根据该段最后一句"AsforCherrieS（樱桃），theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,they

arerichinvitaminC.”可知，原文中的theyaresodelicious被替换成选项中的Theyhaveapleasanttaste,

为间接细节理解题。故选C。

Example:

Admission

$25.00recommendedforadults,$12,00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandThe

Cloisters（回廊）onthesameday;freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.

56.Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?

A.$12.B.$37.

C.$50.D.$62.

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词Howmuch和pay可迅速定位到原文信息“$25.00recommended

foradults,$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloistersonthesameday;free

forchildrenunder12withanadult.”可知，成人票价25美元，12岁以下儿童在大人的陪同下免费。因而11

岁的女孩和其父母只需支付两张成人票款即可。故选C。

童篌区支彼

可能存在的错误：

1：应用文阅读之中：选项表达与原文一模一样可以选（体现在数字；名词等）

2：在记叙文；说明文；议论文等传统阅读中；选项表达与文章一模一样应该慎重选择；传统阅读中正

确选项的特征应该是文章的同义句表达；而非一模一样

3：阅读中选项与文章名词一模一样正确率高；动词一模一样错误率高

4：关键词定位首选特殊标记（大写；人名；数字）；无特殊标记首选名词

例1、SotheColumbiaresearcherscameupwithasystemcalledEasySecurePhotos（ESP）,whichthey

presentedatarecentconference."Wewantedtoseeifwecouldmakeitpossibletoencryptdatawhileusing

existingservices,,,sayscomputerscientistJasonNieh,oneofthedevelopersofESP.44Everyonewantstostaywith

GooglePhotosandnothavetoregisteronanewencrypted-imagecloudstorageservice.^^

1：What,stheadvantageofESP?

A.Itcanprovideclearimages.

B.Itcandecreasetheuploadtime.

C.Itcanclassifyimagesautomatically.

D.Itcanencryptdataontheoriginalplatform.

【答案】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Wewantedtoseeifwecouldmakeitpossibletoencryptdatawhile

usingexistingservices^（我们想看看是否可以在使用现有服务的同时加密数据）和“Everyonewantstostay

withGooglePhotosandnothavetoregisteronanewencrypted-imagecloudstorageSerViCe”（每个人都想继

续使用谷歌PhOtOs,而不必注册新的加密图像云存储服务）可知，ESP的优点是可以在原有平台上对数据

进行加密，故选D。

例2、Asidefrombeingbeautifulandpromotinggrowth,theteamobservedthatduetotheselights,they

neededtouse50percentlesspesticides（杀虫剂）onthecrop.Thisisbecausethisspecificrecipeoflightsactivated

thedefensesystemoftheplants.Andasitworksonallcrops,notjustleeks,Roosegaardeforeseesawaytoreduce

theuseofpesticidesonmanyotherplants.Andhisprojectwillsoonbetouring40countries,andsendingits

dancinglightsacrosstheworld.

2：Whyarelesspesticidesneededonthecropwiththelightsalongside?

A.Thelightsmakeitmoreresistanttopests.

B∙Thelightskilloffmostofthepestsonit.

C.Thelightsaretoobrightforpeststotolerate.

D.Thelightsareequippedwithadefensesystem.

【答案】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“・・.ductotheselights,theyneededtouse50percentless

pesticides（杀虫剂）onthecrop.Thisisbecausethisspecificrecipeoflightsactivatedthedefensesystemof

theplants.（由于这些光照，他们需要在作物上少使用50%的杀虫剂。这是因为这种特殊的光的配方激活了

植物的防御系统。）”可知，灯光激活了植物的自我防御系统使得植物更能抵抗虫害，从而减少了杀虫剂

的使用。故选A。

例3、Nexttothebenefitsofplayingandswimmingalldaylong,readingisprobablythemostimportantthing

kidscandoinsummer.Herearesomegreatsummerreadingprogramsforkids.

Sync:FreeSummerAudiobookProgram

Synchasasummerreadingprogramjustforteensthatwillgivethemtwofreeaudiobookseachweekthis

summer.Perfectforbothon-the-goandonthecouchreading.Eachweektheyofferacurrentyoungadultbook,as

wellasaclassictitlethatteenswillbeabletodownloadforfreethroughtheSORA/OverDriveapp.

ScholasticRead-a-Palooza

Scholastichasasummerreadingchallengeinwhichkidsgoonlinetorecordtheminutesthey'vereadduring

thesummer.Thisyear,kidscanmakenewfriends,earnvirtualrewardsandhelpunlockdonationsforkidswith

limitedornoaccesstobooks.Allyouneedtodoissignupandkeepa"readingStreak''inScholasticHomeBase

overthesummer.

HalfPriceBooks

TheHalfPriceBookshostsgiftcardgiveawaysonsocialmediaforkidswhoreadforatleast300minutes

duringthemonthsofJuneandJuly.Theprogramwebsitealsofeaturesprintablecoloringsheets,onlinestorytimes

andmysterybookrecommendationsforagesrangingfrompreschooltoteens.

ReadingIsFundamental

ReadingIsFundamentalisthenation'slargestchildren'sliteracynon-profit.Itlistsacollectionoffreeebooks

andinteractivematerialsonliteracy.ReadingIsFundamentalhastoolsforeveryleveltoraisereadingtonew

heightsthissummerandbeyond.

1.WhatcanteensdothroughSync?

A.Choosetheirfavoritebooksfreely.

B∙Getsomefreeaudiobooksthissummer.

C.Downloadtheirfavoriteclassicsforfree.

D.Surfintheseaofbooksanywhereandanytime.

2.Whichprogramwilldonatebookstokids?

A.Sync:FreeSummerAudiobookProgram.

B.ScholasticRead-a-Palooza.

C.ReadingIsFundamental.

D.HalfPriceBooks.

3.WhatisthefeatureofReadingIsFundamental?

A.Itisfreeofchargetogetbooksonliteracy.

B.Itoffersgiftcardgiveawaysonsocialmedia.

C.Itissuitableforkidsofdifferentreadinglevels.

D.Itaimsatestablishingabaseofchildren,sliteracy.

【答案】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个适合孩子的暑期阅读项目。

1.细节理解题。根据第二段“Sync:FreeSummerAudiobookProgram（Sync：免费夏季有声读物计划）”

可知，青少年可以通过SynC在今年夏天获得一些免费的有声读物。故选B。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段“Thisyear,kidscanmakenewfriends,earnvirtualrewardsandhelpunlock

donationsforkidswithlimitedornoaccesstobooks,（y⅜⅛,孩子们可以结交新朋友，赚取虚拟奖励，并帮

助捐书给那些无法获得书籍的孩子。）“可知，ScholasticRead-a-Palooza这个项目会给孩子们捐书。故选B0

3.细节理解题。根据最后一段“ReadingIsFundamentalhastoolsforeveryleveltoraisereadingto

newheightsthissummerandbeyond.（ReadingIsFundamental为各个层次的人提供了工具，让他们在今

年夏天乃至以后的时间里把阅读提高到新的高度。）”可知，ReadingIsFundamental项目的特点是适合不

同阅读水平的孩子。故选C。

事名硬接加

例1.（2023秋•辽宁沈阳♦高三校联考期末）Theworldhasseenmanyinventions.Whilemostpeopleareproud

ofthoseassociatewiththeirnames,therearethingsmakinginventorsfeeltheotherway.

Thepop-up（弹出）advert,byEthanZuckerman

Pop-upadsareconvenientforthosewhoareinterested,butmostpeoplegetannoyedwhentheyareon

computers.Theymaycontaincomputerviruses.Justaswewouldblametheinventor,themanhumblyacceptedhis

inventionisn,toneofthebest.Inhisessay,Zuckermanwroteaboutthemosthatefυlthing,44Iwrotethecodeto

launchthewindowandrunanadinit.”

Theemoticon,byScottE.FahIman

Emoticonsbegantooccupyscreenscrazilyin2011andgainedgreatpopularity,especiallywithyoungmen.It

hadbeenfouryearssinceFahlmanfirstusedatςsmileyface^^inacomputermessage.Hecreatedtheemoticonasa

jokemarker.Butthingsaredifferent.ςςIthasgonetoplacesIdon,tapprovehecomplainedtoTheWallStreet

Journalin2013.ςςItshouldn,thavebeencreated.v

Theofficecubicle（隔间），byBobPropst

In1968,BobPropstcameupwiththeideaofficecubicles,somethingthat“wouldbuildafuturisticandtidy

officestylewithnorealwallsordoorsandprovideamorecomfortableenvironmenf,.Butthemanhascometo

hatewhathehasinvented,asPropstrecalledtoFortuneatage80,ςςThey,vechangedandjustbecomecubicles,,∙

TheK-Cup,byJohnSylvan

ItseemseveryonehasaKeurigcoffeemakerforK-Cups.JohnSylvaninventedtheK-Cup,aimedat

facilitatingofficelifeofwhite-collarworkers.Nowit,scommoninhousesandcompanies.However,the

single-serveplasticcoffeecupsaren,teco-friendly.ςςIfeelbadsometimesthatIeverdidit",Sylvanadmits.But!

GoodnewsforMr.Sylvan:KeuringnowoffersvarietiesofrecyclableK-Cups.

1.Whenwastheemoticoninvented?

A.In2007.B.In2009.C.In2011.D.In2013.

2.Whichonewascreatedforofficeworkers5convenience?

A.Thepop-upadvert.B.Theemoticon.C.Theofficecubicle.D.TheK-Cup.

3.Whatdotheaboveinventionshaveincommon?

A.Theybenefithumanlifegreatly.

B,Theircreatorsareblamedbythepublic.

C.Theirinventorsfeelregretful.

D.Theyareverypopularwithyoungpeople.

【答案】1.A2.D3.C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了几种让人反感的发明。

1.细节理解题。由文章第三段“Emoticonsbegantooccupyscreenscrazilyin2011andgainedgreatpopularity,

especiallywithyoungmen.IthadbeenfouryearssinceFahlmanfirstuseda“smileyface"inacomputermessage.

（表情符号在2011年开始疯狂占据屏幕，并获得了极大的人气，尤其是在年轻男性中。法尔曼第一次在电

脑信息中使用“笑脸”已经过去四年了）“可知，表情符号开始占据屏幕是2011年，而法尔曼第一次在电脑信

息中使用“笑脸'’已经过去四年了，由此可以推出第一次出现表情符应是2007年的时候。故选A项。

2.细节理解题。由文章最后一段"ItseemseveryonehasaKeurigcoffeemakerforK-Cups.JohnSylvaninvented

theK-Cup,aimedatfacilitatingofficelifeofwhite-collarWorkerS.（似乎每个人都有一个K-Cup的Keurig咖啡

机。约翰・塞尔万发明了K-CUp,旨在方便白领的办公室生活）”可知，K-CUP是为了方便白领的办公生活

而发明的。故选D项。

3.推理判断题。由文章第二段“Justaswewouldblametheinventor,themanhumblyacceptedhisinventionisn,t

oneofthebest.（就像我们会责备发明者一样，这个人谦卑地接受了他的发明不是最好的）”，第二段“It

shouldn'thavebeenCreated.（它不应该被创造）",第三段"Butthemanhascometohatewhathehasinvented

（但是这个人己经开始憎恨他所发明的东西）”，以及第四段“IfeelbadsometimesthatIeverdidit（有时我

为自己做过的事感到内疚）”可知，这四个发明的共同点是发明者都感到后悔。故选C项。

例2.（2023秋•黑龙江哈尔滨•高三哈师大附中校考期末）WhenyouthinkoftheHimalayas,youmaypicture

tall,rocky,snow-coveredpeaks.Butthat,snottrue.

TheSubnival（亚冰雪的）regionisthezonebetweenthetreelineandthesnowline.Itis5to5timesaslargeas

theareasofglaciersandpermanentsnow,whichmeansstudyingitisvitaltounderstandingtheHimalayasasa

whole.

Thetreelineistheedgeofanecosystemwheretreesareabletogrow,andbeyondthetreelineenvironmental

conditionsbecometootoughtoallowtreegrowth.Meanwhile,snowlinesaretheboundariesonmountainsthat

separateareaswithpermanentsnow（wheresnowispresentforthemajorityoftheyear）fromareaswithseasonal

ornosnow.

Researchersusedsatellitedatafrom1993to2018tomeasureplantcoverbetween4,150metersand6,000

metersabovesealevel.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatthegreatestincreaseinplantcoverwasbetweenanaltitudeof

5,000metersand5,500meters.Subnivalplantsmostlyincludesmallshrubsandgrasses.

Evenareasoncecompletelyoccupiedbyglaciersnowholdrockscoveredwithmosses,lichen,andsometimes

evenflowers.Inaddition,thesnowlineseemstoberepealing,whilethetreelineisexpanding.Thisshowsthatthe

regionisbecomingwarmer,causingmoremeltingofsnowandallowingvegetationtomoveupinheight.

Inthepast40years,25%ofallHimalayanicehasbeenlostduetoglobalwarming.Himalayanglaciersare

reducingbyabout0.5meterseachyear.Therateofglaciermeltinghasdoubledinthisdecade.Themeltingof

glaciersincreaseswaterintheregion,makingitwetter.Recedingsnowalsoforcesthesnowlinetomoveup,

providingagreateramountofareaforthewarmandmoistconditions,whichareperfectforvegetationgrowth.

Asofnow,wedonotknowwhethervegetationwillaccelerateorslowdowntherateofglaciermelting.

4.Howdoesthewriterdevelopthethirdparagraph?

A.Byexplainingconcepts.B.Byprovidingsomeexamples.

C.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.D.Bylistingspecificdata.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retreating"meaninParagraph5?

A.Disappearing.B.Lengthening.C.Withdrawing.D.Widening.

6.WhatisthedirecteffectofglobalwarmingontheHimalayas?

A.Thesnowlinemovesup.B.Glaciersaremeltingfaster.

C.Thesubnivalareaiswetter.D.Plantsgrowmuchbetter.

7.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.TheclimateoftheHimalayasischanging.B.IcebergsintheHimalayashavedisappeared.

C.PlantsarediverseintheHimalayas.D.PlantlifespreadsintheHimalayas.

【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员们发现随着全球气候变化，喜马拉雅山区的植被都

在增加等情况。

4.推理判断题。根据第三段“Thetreelineistheedgeofanecosystemwheretreesareabletogrow,andbeyondthe

treelineenvironmentalconditionsbecometootoughtoallowtreegrowth.Meanwhile,snowlinesaretheboundaries

onmountainsthatseparateareaswithpermanentsnow（wheresnowispresentforthemajorityoftheyear）from

areaswithseasonalornoSnOW.（树木生长线是树木能够生长的生态系统的边缘,在树木生长线之外的环境条件

过于艰难，无法让树木生长。同时，雪线是山上的边界，将长期降雪的地区（全年大部分时间有降雪）与

季节性或无降雪地区分开厂可推知，本段介绍了林木线以及雪线，并分别进行了解释，因此是通过做解释展

开第三段内容的。故选A。

5.词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Inaddition,thesnowlineseemstobe”以及后文"whilethetreelineis

expanding树木生长线正在扩大）”可知，这里的while表示对比，因此说明前面的雪线正在后退。故画线词

意思是“后退A.Disappearing.消失;B.LengtheningJj∏¼;C.Withdrawing.后退;D.Widening.变宽。故选

Co

6.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Inthepast40years,25%ofallHimalayanicehasbeenlostduetoglobal

warming.Himalayanglaciersarereducingbyabout0.5meterseachyear.Therateofglaciermeltinghasdoubledin

thisdecade.（在过去的40年里，由于全球变暖，25%的喜马拉雅冰川已经消失。喜马拉雅冰川每年减少约

0∙5米。冰川融化的速度在这十年里翻了一番广可知，气候变暖直接导致喜马拉雅山冰川融化加快。故选B。

7.主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Researchersusedsatellitedatafrom1993to2018tomeasureplantcoverbetween

4,150metersand6,000metersabovesealevel.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatthegreatestincreaseinplantcover

wasbetweenanaltitudeof5t000metersand5,500melers.（研究人员利用1993年至2018年的卫星数据，测量了

海拔4150米至6000米之间的植物覆盖面积。科学家们发现，海拔5000米到5500米之间的植被覆盖增加

最多）”结合文章主要介绍了研究人员们发现随着全球气候变化，喜马拉雅山区的植被都在增加等情况。故D

选项“植物在喜马拉雅山蔓延”最适合作本文标题。故选Do

例3.（2023∙四川成都•成都外国语学校校考模拟预测）MaeveHigginsoncesetherselfatask.TheIrish-born

comedianwantedtoseewhatlifewouldbelikeifshestoppedlaughingatthingsthatweren,tfunny.Turnsoutit

wasn,taseasyasshethought."Itwassohard,“shesays."Laughterisalubricant（润滑汕）andisexpected,and

it,sreallyhardnottodoit”

Higginssuggeststhere,ssomethingparticularlyspecialaboutbeingpartofthesharedexperiencethatislive

comedy—thatcuriousmagicthatoccurswhenpeoplecometogetherspecificallytolaugh.

Comedyismorethanjustapleasantwaytopassanevening,humourmorethansomethingtoamuse.They,re

interwovenintooureverydayexistence.Whetheryou,resharinganamusingStoryatapartyortellingadarkjokeat

afuneral,humouriseverywhere.Butwhatisitfor?Andcanhumour,ascomedy,changehowwefeel,whatwe

thinkorevenwhatWedo?

Asanessentialpartofhumaninteraction,humourhasbeenonthemindsofthinkersforcenturies.Oneofthe

mostenduringtheoriesofhumourwasputforwardbythephilosopherThomasHobbes.Itassertsthathumour

appearstomakefunoftheweakandexertsuperiority.Whilethisisclearlythefunctionofsomecomedy,it,sfar

fromacompleteexplanationfortheoverallpurposeofhumour.

Forsomecomedians,it,snotjustaboutgettinglaughs—it,saboutchangingwhatwethinkandmaybeeven

whatWedo.Ifthere,sonecomicwhoisreallytypicalofthis,it,sJosieLong.Asocialjusticeactivistanda

comedian,Longhasareputationfordelightful,optimistichumourandstorytelling.

Ashercareerhasevolved,shehasconsciouslyputsocialandpoliticaltopicsattheheartofheract.She

believesthatcomedianshavearoletoplayinchallengingsomeofthemostpressingissuesoftheday.

BritishcomicStephenKAmossellsoutvenuesseatingthousands,yearin,yearout.Amosfirmlybelievesthat

whencomicsconsciouslydealwithpressingorcontroversial（有争议的）socialissueslikeracism,theycanreach

peopleonamuchmoremeaningfullevelthanthatachievedbybrieflyliftingsomeone,smood.Andwhileitmaybe

difficulttoquantify,hesays,thesocialandpsychologicalimpactofcomedydeservesmuchgreaterrecognition.

Theresearchbacksthisup.Althoughtheroleofcomedyistobeentertainingfirstandforemost,Sharon

Lockyer,asociologistwhostudieshumour,hasidentifiedanumberofpossibleotherfunctions.Theseinclude

challengingStereOtyPeS（亥!j板印象）.

Amos,sworkfrequentlysettlestheissuesofracebychallengingstereotypes.,,Idon,tdothingsforshock

value,,,hesays."Idostuffthatmatterstome.Intheolddaysitwasjustaboutdoingjokes.We,vemovedon一

peoplearetalkingaboutthingsthatmatter.,,

8.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?

A.Thebenefitsoflaughing.

B.Whatacomedian,sdailyworkisabout.

C.WhyMaeveHigginschosetobeacomedian.

D.MaeveHiggins,understandingoftheappealofcomedy.

9.WhatdoestheunderlinedphraseinParagraph4mostprobablymean?

A.Protecttheweakfromtheevil.

B.Encouragepeopletobestronger.

C.Bedeterminedtoimproveoneself.

D.Showyouarebetterthanotherpeople.

ɪθ.Accordingtothearticle,howdoescomedyhaveaneffectonsocialissues?

A.Bygraduallyinfluencingpeople,sattitudes.

B.Byurgingpoliticianstotryandsolvetheissues.

C.Byquicklyyetthoroughlychangingpcoplc,sthinking.

D.Bycallingonthewholesocietytopayattentiontotheissues.

11.Accordingtothearticle,comedyincludesthefollowingrolesexcept.

A.gettingpeopletolaugh

B.promotingsocialprogress

C.influencingpeople'sideas

D.makingpeoplemoreproductive

【答案】8.D9.D10.A11.D

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过HigginS对喜剧具有的吸引力的理解引出喜剧所具有的作用，包括让人

开怀大笑、影响人们的想法和促进社会的进步。

8.主旨大意题。根据第一段的"MaeveHigginsoncesetherselfatask.TheIrish-borncomedianwantedtoseewhat

lifewouldbelikeifshestoppedlaughingatthingsthatweren,tfunny.Turnsoutitwasn,taseasyasshethought.

“Itwassohard,“shesays.44Laughterisalubricantandisexpected,andit,sreallyhardnottodoit.'"'（Maeve

Higgins曾经为自己设定了一个任务。这位爱尔兰裔喜剧演员想看看如果她停止嘲笑那些不好笑的事情会怎

样。事实证明，这并不像她想的那么容易。她说：“那太难了“笑是一种润滑剂，并且被人期待，要做到

不笑真的很难”。）根据第二段的“Higginssuggeststhere,ssomethingparticularlyspecialaboutbeingpartofthe

sharedexperiencethatislivecomedythatcuriousmagicthatoccurswhenpeoplecometogetherspecificallyto

laugh."（HigginS提到作为现场喜剧的共享体验的一部分，这是很特别的东西，当人们特意聚在一起为了笑

时，就会产生奇特的魔力。）由此可知，前两段主要讨论的是MaeVeHigginS如何看待喜剧的魅力和吸引力

的，即HigginS对喜剧具有的吸引力的理解。故选DC

9.短语猜测题。根据划线短语前面的“humorappearstomakefunoftheweak”（幽默的作用似乎是为了取笑

弱者。）and后面的内容是幽默的第二个作用，它应该与“取笑弱者”的感情色彩类似，而A项（保护弱者远

离邪恶），B项（鼓励人们变得更坚强）和C项（决心提高自己）均不能与and之前的内容相匹配。由此

可知，划线短语最可能的意思是“表明你比其他人更优秀故选D。

10.推理