高中英语高考一轮话题复习6自然与环境2（教师版）

高中英语高考一轮话题复习6：自然与环境2【问题查找】单词拼写。（如果学生基础不牢固，建议直接从精准突破开始）1.Indealingwiththisnew____________(现象),Ihavetwopointstomake.2.Wood,coal,oil,petrolandgasarealldifferentkindsof____________(燃料).3.The____________(数据)suggestsyouareheavycigarettesmokers.4.There’sbeenanupward____________(趋势)insalesinthelastfewyears.5.Earlywarningsofrisingwaterlevelspreventedanothermajor____________(大灾难).6．Icelandvolcanoes________(爆发)frequentlylastyear.7．Judgingfromwhatyoudid,youarean________(完全的)fool.8．Ithasbeen________(估计)thatthehurricaneisingtoHainaninthreedays.9．MrWangwas________(任命)asleaderofourbasketballteam.10．Firstweneedtoidentifyactualand________(潜在的)problems.Keys:1.phenomenon 2.fuel(s)3.data 4.trend 5.catastrophe6.erupted7.absolute 8.evaluated 9.appointed 10.potential【要点精讲】学习目标：能自主快速阅读理解大意，能依据上下文语境猜测词义，能正确拼读词汇（单词、短语），掌握词汇意义与用法。（1）能正确识记、领会以下词汇,正确率达100%：advocate,consume等（2）能正确识记、领会以下短语,正确率达100%：putupwith,solongas等（3）能正确运用以下句型结合词汇和语法进行句子翻译和写作,正确率达80%：解决学习问题：目标对应的活动（目标的问题化分解）Globalwarming全球暖化【语境串联】（1）请用学习过的单词完成篇章：Quantitiesofdataand（图表）indicateda（平稳的）（分布广的）famine（现象）asthe（结果）of（tend）of（advocate）toomuch（个人的）（consume）Keys：graphs;steady;widespread;phenomenon;consequence;tendency;advocating;individual;consumption【知识拓展】（该部分主要给老师做知识拓展补充，学生版可选择性呈现该部分或直接删去，建议根据学生情况选择性补充或拓展其他内容，不要求全部讲解）advocatevt.拥护；提倡；主张n．拥护者；提倡者advocate(doing)sth.提倡(做)某事advocatethat…提倡……(从句谓语用should＋动词原形，should可省)anadvocatefor/of……的支持/拥护者consumevt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完consumern.消费者consumptionn.消费(量)；消耗(量)timeconsumingadj.耗时的consequencen．[C]结果；后果；影响asaconsequence＝inconsequence结果，因此inconsequenceof＝asaconsequenceof由于，因为……的缘故（2）请用学习过的短语完成篇章：Ican’t（忍受）thepollutedwaterthatresultsinmanyhealthproblemstous.（只要）we（继续）strugglingforit,（大量的）waterwillbeclean.Keys：putupwith;Solongas;keepon;quantitiesof【知识拓展】（该部分主要给老师做知识拓展补充，学生版可选择性呈现该部分或直接删去，建议根据学生情况选择性补充或拓展其他内容，不要求全部讲解）putupwith容忍，忍受(1)“动词+upwith”型短语：eupwith找到（答案）catchupwith追上；赶上endupwith以……结尾teamupwith合作，与……结成一队(2)put构成的其他短语putup举起；张贴；搭起putaway收拾，积蓄，放好putback放回原位；拖延，延误putdown放下；记下；镇压putoff推迟，使延期puton穿上；发胖；上演putout将……扔到外面；扑灭putforward把……提前；提出建议solongas只要用作连词，引导条件状语从句，此时可用aslongas替换quantitiesof大量的alarge/smallquantityof＝large/smallquantitiesof“大/少量的”，既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词【即学即练】完形填空节选题。1.Onthecontrary,thosewholetteenagersexperiencethe10oftheiractionscandobetter.Forexample,whenteenagerswhodon’thelptheirparentswiththeshoppingdon’tfindtheirfavoritedrinkintherefrigerator,theyareforcedtoreconsidertheiractions.A.failures B.changes C.consequences D.thrills2.Oneafternoon,IwascrossingthefieldtogohomeandsawMillerstuckgoingoverafence—whichwasn’t31toclimbifyouhadbotharms.A.steady B.hard C.fun D.fit3.Youwon’tfindpapercuttingdifficultyoukeeppracticingit.A.evenif B.aslongas C.asif D.eversinceKeys：1.C根据下文所举的例子“不帮父母去买东西，在冰箱里就找不到自己最喜欢的饮料”可知，让孩子感受到自己行为所产生的后果。2.B手臂健全的人翻篱笆不费吹灰之力。3.B只要你不断练习，你就不会觉得剪纸很难。Naturaldisaster自然灾害【语境串联】（1）请用学习过的单词完成篇章：I（absolute）appreciatehis（潜在的）ability.Actuallyhehasbeen（appoint）tobea（候选人）ofvolcanologymitteeduetohisuniqueheightinthisfield.Keys：absolutely;potential;appointed;candidate【知识拓展】（该部分主要给老师做知识拓展补充，学生版可选择性呈现该部分或直接删去，建议根据学生情况选择性补充或拓展其他内容，不要求全部讲解）appointvt.任命；委派；约定，安排appointmentn.任命；预约；约定appoint...as...任命……为……appointsb.todosth.委派某人干……（2）请用学习过的短语完成篇章：Lisa（匆匆看一遍）thebooklist,thenshe（前往）abookstore.Shefoundthebookname（不同于）itinthebooklist.Keys：glancedthrough;madeherway;variedfrom【知识拓展】（该部分主要给老师做知识拓展补充，学生版可选择性呈现该部分或直接删去，建议根据学生情况选择性补充或拓展其他内容，不要求全部讲解）varyfrom…to...由……到……不等Theweathervariesfromdaytoday.天气一天天变化。(1)varyinsth．在……方面不同，有差异varywithsth．随……变化(2)varietyn．品种，多样化avarietyof＝varietiesof各种各样的(3)variousadj．各种各样的，各种不同的【即学即练】完形填空节选题。1.Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughand_______reviewofthecase. A.prehensive B.plicatedC.conscious D.crucial2.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbe________intermsofoverallquality.A.supported B.matched C.evaluated D.controlledKeys：1.A句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A项＂综合的，全面的，有理解力的＂；B项＂复杂的＂；C项＂有意识的＂；D项＂至关重要的＂。故选A项。2.C人们普遍认为应该对学生的综合能力进行评价【查漏补缺】真题大练兵1.The____________(数据)suggestsyouareheavycigarettesmokers.2.There’sbeenanupward____________(趋势)insalesinthelastfewyears.3.Earlywarningsofrisingwaterlevelspreventedanothermajor____________(大灾难).4.Theproblemofenvironmental____________(pollute)hasbeendiscussedheatedlyrecently.5.Peoplearelivingawealthierlifewiththe

____________(grow)oftheeconomy.6.Anelectricmotorturns

____________(electric)energyintomechanicalenergy.7.Icelandvolcanoes____________(爆发)frequentlylastyear.8.MrWangwas____________(任命)asleaderofourbasketballteam.9.Firstweneedtoidentifyactualand____________(潜在的)problems.10.Wecannotguaranteethepunctualarrivaloftrainsin

____________(fog)weather.11.These

____________(document)havebeentypedintoaportableputer.Keys:1.data 2.trend 3.catastrophe4.pollution 5.growth 6.electrical7.erupted8.appointed9.potential10.foggy 11.documents 【梳理优化】1、学生在“巩固练习”阶段掌握不好，就回到“精准突破”，补救学习。一、短语默写1.______________________大体上；基本上2.______________________代表……一方；作为……的代言人3.______________________忍受；容忍4.______________________只要5.______________________导致6.______________________反对……7.paredwith________________8.makeone’sway________________9.glancethrough________________10.varyfrom...to...____________________Keys：1.onthewhole 2.onbehalfo 3.putupwith 4.solongas5.resultin6.beopposedto7.和……比起来8.前往9.匆匆看一遍10.由……到……不等学生在“巩固练习”阶段掌握很好，就拓展延伸。完形填空的解题技巧4：逻辑推理根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案，逻辑关系包括因果关系、对比关系、并列关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、条件与结果的关系等。常见的标志性的词语有以下几种：结构层次:firstly,

secondly,

thirdly；逻辑关系：thus,

therefore,

so；递进关系：besides,

what’more,

further;转折关系：but,

while,

however,

on

the

other

hand等。

因此，我们要善于找出（“三找”）：一找：逻辑关系（转折、让步、解释、对立、因果、并列、总分、递进）二找：在原文中找not前面肯定后面否定、前面否定后面肯定，则选对立关系的词。三找：在原文中找and①and前后选同义词，词性一致；

②and前后选同一范围词；

③and前后句子对应成分相同。【例1】Shetoldthefrontdeskclerkshehadhada(n)vacation,butwasheartbrokenaboutlosingseveralrollsofKodakcolorfilmshehadnotyetdeveloped.A.disappointing B.wonderful C.unfortable D.importantKeys：B【例2】Intheregularclass，havingnoworryaboutkeepingup，they(intelligentchildren)begantoreflect9onmanyproblems，someofwhichwerenotontheschoolprogram.A.directly B.cleverlyC.voluntarily D.quicklyKeys：解析：因为havingnoworryaboutkeepingup(因为不担心跟不上)，所以“自动地(voluntarily)”考虑许多问题，因果推断，选C。(现在分词短语表示原因)【例3】Manyareconcernedthatgiftedchildrenbee10andloseinterestinlearning.A.doubted B.bored C.worried D.tiredKeys：解析：由与之并列的loseinterest，可知是beebored。也可这样理解，因为厌烦了，所以才失去兴趣，故选B。(此处的and表示结果，前面是原因)【例4】Thesetellthestoryofamotherwhosebabygrowssickandpaleandhaschangedsomuchthatitisalmost24totheparents.A.unfortable B.unbelievable C.unacceptable D.unrecognizableKeys：解析：因changedsomuch，结果父母“认不出来”了，故选D。(that引导结果状语从句【例5】Nobelwas24tofindoutnotthathehaddied，butthat，whenhistimewasup，hewouldbethoughtofonlyasonewhoprofitedfromdeathanddestruction.A.upset B.anxious C.excited D.pleasedKeys：解析：因他发现当自己死后被认为是靠制造死亡获取利润的人，所以他感到“伤心难过”，故选A。(在表示情感变化的形容词后的不定式表示原因)【例6】…andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrangequitepleasanttaste.A.besides B.but C.and D.orKeys：B【例7】.Iwentintoacaféandaskedforacoffee.

Iwaswaitingformydrink,Irealizedthattherewereotherpeopleintheplace,butIsensedloneliness.A．Before

B．Since

C．Although

D．WhileKeys：D优化：补充、完善初步总结的解题方法；B.解决元认知问题；C.信息精细化加工；D.需要记忆的教给记忆诀窍等；E.图式。A.补充、完善初步总结的解题方法。一、常考题型：1.完型填空;2.阅读理解题;3.语法填空题4.书面表达二、解题技巧语法填空题中词汇的解题技巧1.判断空格中所需单词的词性；2.观察所给单词的词性和所需单词词性是否一致；3.根据题目修改相应的单词形式B.信息精细化加工（归类、分类、类比、比较、联想、想象等）1.选取本次课学习的（至少）5个词汇写出一篇短文。E.图式。1.利用近义词、同义词、反义词转换等带出新的语言。2.利用paraphrase评价和转换语言，利用已有认知图式结合情境学习新的目标词汇。【强化巩固】完型填空 TheAmazonrainforestissoimportantthatit’sfrequentlydubbed(把……称为)the"lungsoftheplanet".Scientistshavefoundasmallnumberoftreespeciesthataredoingtheheaviest____1____astheyhelpto____2____globalwarming. Theirdiscoverythat182species____3____halftherainforest’swoodboundcarbonsuggeststhatthefutureoftheworld’sclimate,andthelinesofitscoastalareasare____4____withthefateofthissmallpartofabout16,000Amazoniantreespecies. Despiteongoinglogging(伐木工作)andrecentdrought,theAmazonishome toperhapsasixthofthecarbonstoredinlivingplantstheworldover,helpingtokeep____5____ofclimatechangingcarbondioxidedown intheatmosphere. "TheAmazonisaparticularlyimportantcarbonstock,andit’scurrently____6____acarbonsink,"SophieFausetsaid."Whatwe’retryingtodoistoincreaseourunderstandingofwherethiscarbonisgoing;whichtreesarestoringit." "Thereareafewspeciesthatseemtogrow____7____andthosearethehugeonesyou’dwanttoemphasizeinthe____8____oftheforest,"saidprofessorJohnBattles."Ifyouweremanagingtoprotecttheseforests,youwouldleavethesetrees." Oneofthemostcarbonhungrytypesoftrees____9____inthestudywastheBrazilnuttree,whichgrows____10____thatcaneasilygobeyondaheightof100feet.Intermsoftotalgrowthandproductivitytheyrankedfourthoverall,andtheywerefoundto____11____1.3percentoftheforest’scarbon. "Giventhehugebiologicaldiversityoftropicalforests,carboncyclingwouldbemoreequallydistributedamongplantspecies,"RosieFishersaid."This12overturnstheoriginallyimaginedpattern." Fishersaidshewouldbe"____13____tosuggestthemostobviousideathatwecouldstorelotsofcarbonbyplantingtheseverylargespecies".Becausesolittleisknownabouthow____14____theyaretothetypesofdroughtsandfiresthatare____15____tobeemoremoninthefuture,norwhethertheywouldthrive(茁壮成长)inmanagedforests.1.A.sweating B.sleeping C.breathing D.crying2.A.slow B.expand C.worsen D.strengthen3.A.consume B.store C.waste D.produce4.A.filled B.supplied C.presented D.connected5.A.stages B.points C.qualities D.levels6.A.gettingto B.referringto C.resultingin D.actingas7.A.fast B.weak C.big D.deep8.A.visit B.protection C.beauty D.function9.A.preserved B.planted C.created D.identified10.A.trunks B.roots C.branches D.leaves11.A.remove B.squeeze C.contain D.change12.A.diversity B.climate C.species D.discovery13.A.eager B.content C.hesitant D.brave14.A.obvious B.beneficial C.suitable D.sensitive15.A.supposed B.suspected C.limited D.intendedKeys:亚马逊雨林被称为地球的肺,它对全球气候有着重大的影响。本文主要介绍了亚马逊雨林对于全球性的二氧化碳以及全球变暖的影响。1.C根据上文中的“lungsoftheplanet”可知，这里选breathing2.A结合常识并根据语境可知，这些品种的数呼吸着更多的气体，因此使得全球变暖变得缓慢。3.B从下文中的asixthofthecarbonstoredinlivingplantstheworldover可知，空处所在句指这些树储存着森林里一半的二氧化碳的含量。4.D根据空格前面的"thefutureoftheworld’sclimate,andthelinesofitscoastalareas"和后面的"withthefateofthissmallpartofabout16,000Amazoniantreespecies"可知,这些树的品种,与世界的未来气候和海洋的海岸线都有着密切的关系。5.D 根据空格后面的"climatechangingcarbondioxideintheatmosphere"可知,这些树木使改变着气候的二氧化碳的含量保持在低水平。level"数量,程度,浓度"。6.D 结合空格前面的"TheAmazonisaparticularlyimportantcarbonstock"可知,亚马逊雨林充当着(actingas)一个二氧化碳的沉积池。7.C结合空格后面的thelungones可知，有些树木长得高大8.B9.D10.A11.C结合空格后面的"1.3percentoftheforest’scarbon"以及上文内容可知,这些品种的树包含森林中1.3%的二氧化碳。12.D根据第二段中的"Theirdiscoverythat182specieshalftherainforest’swoodboundcarbon" 可知,这里指这个发现(discovery)推翻了原来想象的模式。13.C根据下文中的"Becausesolittleisknownabouthowtheyaretothetypesofdroughtsandfires...inmanagedforests"可知,由于很少知道这种树对干旱或者火灾的敏感性,所以Fisher对是否建议多种这些高大的树犹豫不定。hesitant"犹豫不决的"。14.D结合空格后面的"theyaretothetypesofdroughtsandfires"可知,Fisher对这种树木对干旱和火灾的敏感性了解得还不是很多。15.A【课后练习】一、话题写作根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面的小作文。1.随着工业的发展，产生了越来越多的温室气体，地球正在变暖。(withthedevelopment)2.结果，海平面在上升，致使许多沿海城市和动物的栖息地(habitat)处于危险中。(asaconsequence)3.全球变暖已经对人类和动物构成严峻的挑战，因此，到了我们采取措施应对这一挑战的时候了。(It'shightimethat.)4.只有通过改变我们粗暴对待环境的方式，我们才能和环境和谐相处。(onlyby...,getalongwellwith)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Keys：Withthedevelopmentofindustry,moreandmoregreenhousegasesareproducedandtheearthisbeingwarmer.Asaconsequence,thesealevelisrising,whichmakesmanycoastalcitiesandanimalhabitatsindanger.Globalwarminghasbeeaseriouschallengetomankindandanimals,soitishightimethatwetookmeasurestodealwithit.Onlybychangingthewaywetreattheenvironmentroughlycanwegetalongwellwithit.二、语法填空Whenmanstartshisworkinnature,thebalanceislikelytobedestroyed.Hegrowsacropandtakesitawaytoeat;thentherearenodeadleavestofallontheground,holdingwaterwhileitsinksintothesurface.1.____________afarmeractswithknowledgeandskill,heisthereforemostlikelytomaketheland

2.____________(bad)yearbyyear.3.____________(take)theplaceoftheusefulmatterinthecropsthatheremoves,heusessomekindoffertilizer.Insomeplaces,itisahabittoburnwastemateriallyingabout,butsuchburningdestroystheusefulmatter

4.____________theplantsneedtogrow.Althoughtheashesthatareleftarevaluablewhenputontheland,abetterpracticeistoburythewaste

5.____________thatitdecaysandincreasesthehumus(腐殖质)inthesoil.Inthepast,

6.____________theworldpopulationwasmuchlowerthanitisnow,amanhadlittledifficulty

7.____________(grow)thefoodthatwasneeded.Whenafieldhadbeenusedsomeyearsandhadbeetired,thefarmercouldmovetoanotherplace.Thetiredlandthenslowlyrecovered.Graduallygrassesandotherplantswouldappearonitanditsproductivepowerwouldslowlyreturntonormalthroughtheirdecay.Butnature,

8.____________(leave)alone,wouldtakealongtimetobringbackthelandtoitsformerstate;thelengthoftimerequired

9.____________(depend)onlocalconditions,butitmightwellbetenyears.Anyway,itisabadpracticetogrowthesamecropinafieldyearafteryearandismans’responsibilitiestofindsolutions

10.____________theproblemofsoilprotection.Keys:说明文。如果人们不能用合适的方法种植土地，那土地就会变得越来越贫瘠。人们想要土地里的食物，但是要注意保护土地。1.Unless考查状语从句的用法。语境表示，除非一个农民能用知识和技能种田，否则他会让他所种的土地逐年变得越来越贫瘠，此处应用Unless引导这个条件状语从句。2.worse考查比较级的用法。根据上题分析可判断出，此处应用bad的比较级形式worse。3.Totake考查非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可判断出，此处应用动词不定式结构作目的状语。4.that/which考查定语从句的用法。在这个定语从句中，先行词是theusefulmatter，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，所以此处应用that或which。5.so考查状语从句的用法。根据语境可判断出，此处是sothat引导目的状语从句。6.when考查状语从句的用法。根据语境可判断出，此处应用when，引导时间状语从句。7.growing考查固定结构的用法。havedifficulty(in)doingsth.是固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”。8.left考查非谓语动词的用法。此处考查的是非谓语动词作定语的用法，因为nature和leave之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以此处应用leave的过去分词作定语。9.woulddepend考查动词时态的用法。根据前面的＂wouldtake＂可判断出，此处应用过去将来时。10.to考查介词的用法。solution后面应接介词to，表示＂……的解决办法＂。三、阅读理解 ElevenyearoldEvanGreendoesn’twanttosavejustonetree－hewantstosaveawholerainforest! IntheRedwoodCity,Calif,aboystartedagroupcalledtheRedDragonConservationTeamfouryearsagotodojustthat.Sofar,theteam’smembershaveraised$4,500.That’senoughtopurchaseandprotectmorethan16acresofrainforestinCostaRicathroughtheCenterforEcosystemsurvival. Everyyear,thousandsofsquaremilesofrainforestaredestroyedworldwide.Loggingandfarmingaremostlylikelytoblame,scientistssay.Thelossisterriblenewsforanimalsandpeople.Eventhoughrainforestscoverlessthan2percentoftheearth,theyarehometohalftheworld’splantsandanimals.Rainforestsalsoprovidewaterandhelpcontroltheearth’sclimate. Evan’sworktosavetherainforestsrecentlyearnedhimaBarronprizeforYoungHeroes.Theprizesaregiventochild