Unit1DreamHomes知识讲义牛津译林版英语七年级下册

牛津版译林英语7B知识点总结Unit1DreamHomes1.dreamhomes梦想家园（P6）【知识点一】:dream/driːm/(1)adj.理想的;梦中的(2)cn.梦想,理想one’sdreamestrue某人的梦想实现daydream白日梦、空想inyourdreams你妄想Eg.Mydaughter'sdreamistobeamodel.Hisdreamwilletruesoon.(3)vi.做梦dreamof/about(doing)sth.梦想/梦见(做)某事Eg.Hesaysheneverdreams.Thehomelesschildoftendreamedabout/of(returning)home.2.—Wouldyouliketoliveinapalace（宫殿）?—No,I'dliketolivenexttoarestaurant.Therearetwentyrestaurantsintown.（P6）【知识点一】:wouldlike的用法(1)would:情态动词,无人称和数的变化;人称代词作主语,常缩写为’d(2)wouldlikesth.=wantsth想要某物wouldliketodosth.=wanttodosth.想要做某事wouldlikesb(not)todosth.=wantsb(not)todosth.想要某人(不)做某事(3)回答:“Wouldyoulike…?”意为“你想要…吗？”用来征求意见或发出邀请—Wouldyoulikesth.?—Yes,please./—No,thanks.—Wouldyouliketodosth.?—Yes,I’dlike(love)to.(其中不能省略to)—Sorry,but…(but后面加上理由)—I’dliketo,but…【随堂练习】(1)—Wouldyouliketogoswimmingwithmethisafternoon?—,butIhavealotofhomeworktodo.A.I'dlovetoB.Yes,let'sgoC.No,Iwon'tD.Itdoesn'tmatter(2)—CouldyoutellmehowtopayforthefoodbyQRcode(二维码)onthephone?—.A.TakeiteasyB.Itdoesn'tmatterC.You’reweleD.Sure,I'dloveto【知识点二】:nextto方位介词短语,紧靠,在…近旁=beside（behindprep.在…后面）Eg.Thesupermarketisnextto/besidemyhome.补：nextadj.下一个（反：last上一个）nextday/week/month/year(将来时)【知识点三】:intown在镇上inthetown在这个镇上，特指【知识点四】:livev.居住①livein+地点liveinaflat住在一个公寓里②livewithsb.和某人住在一起③liveon以…谋生liveongrass④livea+adj.life过着…的生活liveahappylife3.ThebiggestoneinFifthStreet！第五大街上最大的那家！（P6）【知识点一】:big比较级：bigger最高级：biggest最高级前面必须有定冠词the【知识点二】:辨析one和itone泛指同类不同人/物指代单数名词复数：onesit特指同类同物指代单数/不可数名词复数：they/them【随堂练习】(1)—Excuseme,Iwantsomebooks,butIcan’tfindabookshophere.—Iknow_______onmywayhome.ewithme,please.A.thisB.oneC.itD.that补：this这个（复）these这些that那个（复）those那些4.IsTokyothecapitalofJapan?东京是日本的首都吗？（P7）【知识点一】:capitalcn.(1)首都；省会thecapitalof……的首都注意：询问首都用what—What’sthecapitalofChina?—Beijing.(2)大写字母capitalletter拓展：国家国人语言首都名胜JapanJapaneseJapaneseTokyoMountFujiChinaChineseChineseBeijingtheGrateWalltheUSAAmericanAmericanWashingtontheWhiteHouseRussiaRussianRussianMoscowRedSquaretheUKBritishEnglishLondonBigBenFranceFrenchFrenchParistheEiffelTowerCanadaCanadianFrench/EnglishOttawatheCNTower5.Homesaroundtheworld世界各地的家（P8）【知识点一】辨析：home&house&familyhome:出生地；家乡；故乡eg.Ilovemyhome.house:居住的建筑物eg.Thisismynewhouse.family:①家庭；整体,谓语动词用单数eg.Myfamilyisalargeone.②家人；个体,谓语动词用复数eg.Myfamilylikereading.【知识点二】:aroundtheworld全世界=allovertheworld=intheworldEg.Iwouldliketotravelaroundtheworld.6.Iliveinatown15milesfromLondon.我住在离伦敦15英里的一个镇上。（P8）【知识点一】:far(away)from离……远1.有far无距离，away任意添，两地相距from数词+(away)fromsp.2.对距离提问,用howfar3.mile:(n.)英里=1.6千米(pl.)miles【随堂练习】(1)Theshoppingmallis3milesmyschool.A.不填B.awayC.farawayD.awayfrom(2)—isitfromyourhometoyourpany?—It'sfivekilometres.A.HowlongB.HowfarC.HowoftenD.Howmuch7.Ialwayshavefunwithmydogthere.在哪儿，我总是和我的狗玩的很开心。（P8）havefunwithsb./sth.和某人/某物玩得开心havefundoingsth.做某事很开心havefun=haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself(myself/yourself/youselves……)+doingsth.【随堂练习】(1)Look!Allthechildrenfunintheswimmingpool.A.have;toswimB.have;swimmingC.arehaving;swimmingD.arehaving;toswim8.IliveinaflatinthecenterofMoscow.Ourflatisontheseventhfloor.我住在莫斯科中心的一幢公寓中。我们的公寓在第七层。（P8）【知识点一】:inthecentreof在……中间,在……中央英式写法:centre美式写法:centereg.Theshoppingmallisinthecentreofthetown.【知识点二】:ontheseventhfloor在第七层onthe+序数词+floor(1)flat/house/room等词搭配使用的介词为in(2)与floor(n.地板,楼层,底部)等词搭配使用的介词为on【随堂练习】1.ThemanesfromMoscow,andhelivesthesecondflooratallbuildinginthecityofParis.A.in;inB.in;onC.on;inD.on;on2.Mr.Smithlivesthatbuilding.Hishouseisthefifthfloor.A.in;onB.of;toC.on;inD.to;at3.Thegirllivesatallbuildingabusystreethermother.A.on;in;andB.in;on;withC.at;at;withD.in;at;and4.Whichfloordoeshelive______thisflat?A.in B.on C.inon D.onin9.ThelivingroomisthebestplacetochatandwatchTV.客厅是聊天和看电视最好的地方。（P8）【知识点一】:thebestplacetodosth.动词不定式做后置定语修饰place【知识点二】:and连接两个并列的动词不定式，后一个常省to10.Ishareabedroomwithmysister.我和妹妹共享一间卧室。（P8）【知识点一】:share/ʃeə(r)/(1)v.合用;分享sharesth.withsb.和某人共享…shareone'sjoy/sadness分享某人的快乐/悲伤(2)n.股份、一份Eg.Nextyearwehopetohaveabiggershareofthemarket.明年我们希望得到更大的市场份额。11.Weoftenlistentomusicinbed.我们经常躺在床上听音乐。（P8）(1)inbed(躺)在床上Don'treadinbed.不要躺在床上看书。(2)onthebed表示某样东西在床上Thereisabookonthebed.床上有本书。12.Ihavemyownbedroomandbathroom.我有自己的卧室和浴室。（P8）【知识点一】:own/əʊn/(1)adj.自己的①one’sownsth.=sth.ofone’sown某人自己的…havemyownstudy=haveastudyofmyown我有我自己的书房②onone’sown=byoneself=alone独自地他能够独自去上学。Hecangotoschool_____________/____________/_____________.(2)v.拥有，相当于have(3)n.owner物主，所有人【随堂练习】1.Ihopeyouacar.A.tohave;ofyourownB.tohave;ofmyownC.willhave;toyourownD.willhave;ofyourown2.Amyhasabedroomandabathroomofher_________(自己的).13.Ilovetositthereandlookoutatthebeachandthesea.（P8）我喜欢坐在那里，向外眺望海滩和海。【知识点一】:lookout向外看，小心=becareful/takecarelookoutat+看的对象向外看某物lookoutof+看的途径从…向外看【区别】(1)lookatthesea看大海(2)lookoutatthesea朝外看大海(3)lookoutofthewindow朝窗外看(4)lookoutofthewindowatthesea朝窗外看大海【补】looklike看起来像lookup查阅(字典/资料),向上看lookafter照顾lookfor寻找(强调动作)lookover仔细检查lookthrough浏览【随堂练习】1.It’sgoodforyoureyestothegreentreesforaminuteortwo.A.lookoutofB.lookoutatC.lookoutfromD.lookforat2.Stephenlikeslookingoutthewindowthesea.A.at;onB.of;onC.at;ofD.of;at【知识点二】:beachcn.海滩复数beachesonthebeach在海滩上Eg.Manypeoplearewalkingonthebeach.14.TheCNtoweris1,815feettall.加拿大国家电视塔有1815英尺高。（P11）【知识点一】:footcn.复数：feet(1)英尺≈30.48cminch英寸（约2.54cm）*1foot=12inches(2)脚，足onfoot步行【知识点二】:描述物体的表达方式(1)sth.+be+数词+表单位的词+形容词(2)sth.+be+数词+表单位的词+in+名词单位长宽高深形容词longwidehighdeep名词lengthwidthheightdepthEg.Thebridgeis10meters________(宽)and50meters________(长).=Thebridgeis10metersin________(宽)and50metersin________(长).15.RedSquareinMoscowisabout91,000squaremetresinsize.（P11）莫斯科的红厂大约有91000平方米大。【知识点一】:square(1)cn.广场(2)adj.平方的squaremetres平方米(3)adj.正方形的squareface方脸【知识点二】:insize在尺寸方面16.Francehasanareaofover260,000squaremiles.法国的占地面积超过260,000平方英里。（P11）【知识点一】:area/ˈeərɪə/(cn.)面积，地区，区域indifferentareas在不同的区域haveanareaof占…面积【知识点二】:表达面积的句型:sth.is...insize.=sth.has(covers)anareaof...=sth.’sareais...Chinahas/coversan_area_of9.6millionsquarekilometresChinais9.6millionsquarekilometres_insize__.China'sarea__is__9.6millionsquarekilometres.17.Thereareabout8,000,000peoplelivinginLondon.大约有8000，000人住在伦敦。（P11）【知识点一】:therebe句型(threebe+n)①表示某地有…,用therebe句型,谓语动词就近原则。Eg.There(be)anartroom,amusicroomandtwoputerroomsinourschool.②表示有事情要做,用therebesthtodo。Eg.Therearelotsofthings(see)inBeijing..③表示有某人正在做某事,用therebesbdoingsth.。Eg.Ongameshows,therearealwaysfamouspeople(talk)abouttheirlives.18.Heisalwaysthefirsttoetoschoolinourclass.在我们班上，他总是第一个来学校。（P12）【知识点一】:bethefirsttodosth.第一个做某事的人/事物bethelasttodosth.最后一个做某事的人/事物Eg.IsJackoftenthefirst_________(leave)theclassroominhisclass?19.Yourhouseisreallydifferentfromtheflathereinourtown.你的房子和我们城里的公寓真的不一样。（P14）【知识点一】:differentadj.不同的bedifferentfrom与…不同bethesameas与…相同20.Yourgardenisfullofflowers.Itlooksbeautiful.你的花园满是花。它看起来真的很漂亮。（P14）【知识点一】:full(1)adj.满的满是befullof=befilledwithEg.Thelibraryisfullofbooks.=Thelibraryisfilledwithbooks.(2)adj.完整的；饱的Eg.Pleasewritedownyourfullnameonit.Eg.Youcan'trunonafullstomach.【随堂练习】1.—Thebuilding______abiggardenismyuncle’s.Andhelikesthegarden______flowersbest.A.has;isfullofB.thereis;fullof C.with;isfullof D.with;fullof21.Ihopetovisityousomeday.我希望将来的某一天能来你家。（P14）【知识点一】:hope希望(1)hopetodosth.(2)hope(that)sb.will/candosth.【知识点二】:someday某一天；将来有一天用将来时oneday某一天，可以指过去，也可以指将来22.MayIspeaktoDaniel,please?我能和丹尼尔通话吗？（P14）【知识点一】:常用用语：Who’sthatspeaking?请问你是哪位？Isthat…(speaking)?你是…吗?Thisis…(speaking)?我是…Speaking,please.请讲。Holdon,please./Waitaminute,please.请稍等。【随堂练习】1.—Hello，mayIspeaktoJill,please?—__________.A.Yes,youcan.B.Whoareyou?C.Iamspeaking.D.Who’sthatspeaking.23.Idon'thavetheirnumber.Canyoutakeamessageformetothem?我没有他们的号码。你可以帮我给他们捎个信吗？（P14）【知识点一】:message/ˈmesɪdʒ/(cn.)消息，音信takeamessageforsb.为某人传话/捎个信takeamessagetosb.给某人传话/捎个信leaveamessage留言(1)I______(leave)amessageonyourdeskabouttomorrow'stasksjustnow.【知识点二】辨析message/news/informationmessage(cn.)消息；音信news(un.)新闻；消息information(un.)信息【知识点三】:may情态动词(1)可以用来征求意见或表示允许Eg.MayIein?(2)也许，可能表示一种可能性或推测（通常会出现I’mnotsure.）Eg.Imaybelate.24.Canyouaskhimtocallmeback?你能叫他给我回吗？（P14）【知识点一】askv.让；要求asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事asksb.nottodosth.要求某人不做某事类似的结构:makesb.(not)dosthletsb.(not)dosthhavesb.(not)dosth.tellsb(not)todosthwantsb.(no)todosthwishsb.(not)todosthwouldlikesb.(not)todosth.【知识点二】与call相关的短语：1.callback回2.callatsp.拜访某地3.callonsb.拜访某人4.callforsth.(help)要求，需要某物5.calloff取消【随堂练习】(1)Ialwaystellmystudentsontheroadbecauseit'sreallydangerous.A.nottoplayB.toplaynotC.notplayingD.notplay(2)Mothertellsthevisitorwalkquietlyandwakethebabyup.A.to;toB.notto;nottoC.notto;toD.to;notto(3)EvenTony’sgranddaughter,afiveyearoldgirl,askedhim_________smoking.A.giveupB.gaveupC.togiveup D.givingup(4)Mywatchisbroken.IwanttoaskmyfriendJack__________itforme.A.checkB.tocheck C.help D.tohelp【知识点二】call/kɔːl/(v.)打，称呼，召唤callsb.back给某人回,代词放中间callsb.(up)=ringsb.(up)=givesb.acall/ring给某人打callfor=askfor需求；要求25.Mydreamhomeisatthefootofahill.我梦想的家坐落在山脚下。（P17）【知识点一】atthefootof…在……脚下foot底部，复数feetatthefootofahill在一座山脚下at/onthetopofahill在一座山顶上26.Thereisalwaysmorethanenoughfoodthere.那儿总是有很多很多的食物。（P17）【知识点一】:enough(1)adj.足够的放名词前面have+enough+n+todosth.(2)adv.足够地放形容词和副词后面be+adj.+enough+todosth.(3)morethanenough足够多;太多27.Iwouldliketoinvitemyfriendstowatchfilmswithme.我想要邀请我的朋友和我一起看电影。（P17）【知识点一】:invite/ɪnˈvaɪt/(vt.)邀请(1)invitesb.todosth.邀请某人去做某事Eg.Thankyousomuchfor_________(invitie)metoyourbirthdayparty.(2)invitesb.tosomeplace/sth.邀请某人去某地或参加某项活动Eg.Iwant________(invite)Tomtomybirthdayparty.(3)invitation/ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃn/n.邀请aninvitationletter一封邀请函28.Eachroomhasanewputerandallthebedsarefortable.每间房间都有台新电脑，所有的床都很舒服。（P17）【知识点一】:each①限定词，每个修饰可数名词单数，做主语谓语动词用单数Eg.Eachstudenthasabook.②代词，每人，每个做主语，谓语动词用单数;做同位语，放主语后，谓语动词用复数。Eg.Eachofushasaroom.=Weeachhavearoom.辨析:each和everyeach用于两者及以上的每一个，强调个体，可以直接跟of。如eachofthem/you/usevery用于三者及以上的每一个，强调整体，后面不能直接跟of，如要表示每一个，可用everyone。如everyoneofthem/you/us【随堂练习】1.Eachstudent_____________(have)abookinhishand.2.Eachofthestudents______________(have)abookinhishand.3.Thestudentseach______________(have)abookinhishand.4.On______sideoftheroad,weplantlotsoftrees.A.bothB.allC.eachD.every【知识点二】:fortable(adj.)舒服的,舒适的副：fortably反：unfortable29.Myfriendsliketoeandstayhere.我的朋友喜欢来呆在这里。（P17）【知识点一】:stay（三单stays过去stayed）(1)v.停留,逗留stay(at)home待在家里stayinbed呆在床上(2)v.保持=keepstay/keephealthy保持健康stayup不睡，熬夜Don'tstayuptoolate!(3)n.停留,逗留Howlongisyourstayherethistime?【随堂练习】1.“__________(停留)thereanddon'tmove!”apolicemansaidtothatman.30.Itisgreatfun.它是很有趣的事。（P17）【知识点一】:funun.乐趣，趣事重点区别:(1)Itisfuntodosth.变形：Whatgreatfunitistodosth.(2)havefundoingsth.变形：Whatgreatfunsbhavedoingsth.1.Whatgreatfunitis_________(have)atrip!2.Whatgreatfunwehad_________(have)abigdinnerwithher!31.Wewillhave_______________(三天的)holiday.=Wewillhavea_______________holiday.【随堂练习】1.Thewallis___________.It’sa_____________wall.A.fivemetrelong;fivemetreslongB.fivemetreslong;fivemetrelongC.fivemetreslong;fivemetrelongD.fivemetrelong;fivemetreslong32.Iknowlotsofcountries,suchasCanada,France,JapanandRussia.【知识点一】:suchassuchas：与like用法类似，举同类事物中的多个例子。forexample：逗号隔开，举同类事物中的一个例子。Eg.There'remanykindsofpollution(污染),forexample,noiseisakindofpollution.语法.基数词和序数词（一）基数词构成及读法1.112为独立的单词,分别是one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve2.1319都以teen结尾thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen3.2090之间的“整十”都以ty结尾twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety4.2099之间的“几十几”,先说“几十”,再说“几”,且中间加连词符。如:22twentytwo,49fortynine,5.101999之间的非整百的基数词读法为：百位数和十位数(或个位数)之间用and连接。如:608sixhundredandeight,732sevenhundredandthirtytwo6.四位数及以上的基数词读法为：先将数字从右向左每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号读thousand(千)，第二个逗号读million(百万)，第三个逗号读billion(十亿)，读数时从左向右依次读出来。如:7,003seventhousandandthree99,110,206ninetyninemillion,onehundredandtenthousand,twothousandandsix2,100,010,001twobillion,onehundredmillion,tenthousandandone（二）基数词的部分用法1.表顺序由单数名词+基数词，此时名词和基数词第一个字母大写。如:ClassOne,Room306,LessonOne(=thefirstlesson),Page108,No.9MiddleSchool2.确数与概数的表达计数单位hundred,thousand,million,billion①确数:基数词+计数单位的单数+名词复数Therearesixhundredworkersinthisfactory.注意:hundred,thousand,million,billion用单数②概数:计数单位的复数+of+名词的复数ThousandsofvisitorshaveetoHangzhouinthelasttwoweeks.③特定范围：基数词+计数单位的单数+of+the+名词复数基数词+计数单位的单数+of+人称代词宾格（them）twohundredofthestudents那些学生中的两百个（特定范围）3.“整十”的基数词的复数形式可用于表示“几十年代”或“在某人多少岁时”。inthe1960s在二十世纪六十年代Myfatherisinhisfifties.我的爸爸五十多岁。4.“a