四级翻译词汇翻译及常见特色词汇

四级翻译词汇翻译及常见特色词汇四级翻译词汇翻译及常见特色词汇(一)词的翻译1.词义选择2.词类转换3.词的增补4.词的省略5.词的替代1.词义选择(1)语境词汉语有些词语的含义会因语境而发生微妙的变化，称之为“语境词”，应紧密结合上下文译成相应的词，不能按照原词的字面意思来译。原文：手机刷新了人与人的关系。译文：Cellphonehave

altered

therelationshipamongpeople.分析：“刷新”此处实际是指“改变”，而并非是我们平常所指的含义，因此不宜译成refurbish或renovate，翻译为alter或change更恰当。(2)表意模糊的词原文：这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才。译文：Thenationalkeyuniversityhaspreparedbatchesofqualifiedgraduatesforthesociety.分析：“输送”在句中是一个模糊笼统的词，具体说来是指“培养出”。“人才”笼统，译为qualifiedgraduates比较确切。(3)比喻词汇汉语有许多比喻词汇，表面意义和喻指含义完全不同，英译时应跳出机械对应的思维定式，动态地译出其潜在含义。原文：老师答应给这几个学生“吃小灶”。译文：Theteacherhaspromisedtogivethesestudentsspecialtuition.分析：“吃小灶”在这里指的是“个别辅导”。2.词类转换(1)动词名词英语动词受到形态变化规则的严格限制，大量本应该由动词表达的概念，常需借助于名词，因为名词不受形态规则的束缚，使用相对灵活、方便。原文：吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。译文：You"llbefullofpraisewhileeatingthefirsttwomaincourses.分析：英语中有大量抽象名词表示行为或动作意义

advice,agreement,inheritance,knowledge,praise,use等。以上例句借助抽象名词表达了特定的行为动作，译文也显得较为地道。(2)动词介词介词与名词密切相关，英语名词的广泛使用使得介词也频繁出现，而且英语中有些介词本身就是由动词演变来的。汉译英时，有些动词可以用介词来表达。原文：人们常用剪纸美化环境。译文：Peopleoftenbeautifytheirhomeswithpapercuttings.

(3)动词形容词汉语的一些动词常常用形容词来表达，这些形容词通常是与动词同源的词（如dreamful,doubtful,sympathetic等），这样的译文有时会更地道、标准。原文：在明朝和清朝时期特别流行。译文：Itwas

widespreadparticularlyduringtheMingandQingDynasties.

(4)形容词或副词名词由于语法结构的修辞的需要，汉语的形容词和副词也可以转译成英语的名词。原文:只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。译文：...leavingtheselivingthingstoenjoythismomentofduskwithfulleaseandfreedom.（(5)名词动词汉语的名词由英语的动词表达，此时汉语中修饰名词的形容词也随之改为英语中作状语使用的副词。原文：大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。译文：People,poororrich,areequallyfavoredbyNature.（3.词的增补(1)语法需要由于汉英两种语言的差异，汉译英时往往需要补充汉语里省去的词语或没有的词类，使译文符合英语语法的要求。增补的词多为冠词（英语所特有）、代词或名词（充当句子的主语、宾语、定语等成分）、连词和介词等。原文：农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多。译文：Peopleintheagriculturesocietyenjoyedfarlessthanpeopleintheindustrysociety,thustheirdesiresarefarlesseither.分析：英语中用的最多的介词有at,by,for,from,in,of,on,to和with九个。这些介词是连接英语句子的重要纽带，在英语中起着极其重要的作用。汉译英时，要根据上下文搭配灵活地选择介词。(2)意思表达需要原文：这是黄河滩上的一幕。译文：Thisisascenetakingplace

ontheshoreoftheYellowRiver.分析：增译takingplace短语，使译文更为生动贴切。(3)文化背景解释的需要中西文化差异的存在使得英语和汉语包含着许多文化色彩浓厚且不易为译文读者所理解的词语。在翻译过程中需要使用增词译法把相关文化背景知识翻译出来。原文：三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。译文：ThewitofthreecobblerscombinedsurpassesthatofZhugeLiang,themastermind.4.词的省略把原文中一些仅为语法需要而存在的词、词组加以适当省略，达到译文通顺、意思完整、句子精练的目的。原文：于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。译文：Thenhappinessturnstoanger,praisetoscoldingandnit-piking,andhead-noddingtohead-shaking.(删除重复的谓语动词)5.词的代替汉译英时可用替代的方法来避免重复，英语中主要有三种替代现象：名词成分替代、谓语成分替代和分句替代。(1)名词成分替代①用代词替代重复出现的名词原文：有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。译文：Aplacewithwaterandfishisnecessarilyblessedwithanicesetting,whichinreturnkeepspeopleingoodmood.②用名词性替代词替代重复出现的名词可用于替代的此类名词包括enough,half,thesame,thekind,thesort,theformer,thelatter,theissue等。原文：——你最喜欢哪个男孩？——最高的那个男孩。译文：--Whichboydoyoulikebest?--Thetallestone.③同义词替代同义词替代指用不同名词来表示同一个人或事物，常是概括词（genericterm）和下属词（specificword）之间的替换。如用thefurniture替代table，用vehicle替代car，用theanimal替代horse等，以免重复。原文：另外一种方法是化学方法。译文：Anothermethodisthechemicalapproach.(2)谓语成分替代可用于代替重复出现的动词，或整个谓语部分。此类替代词包括do及其搭配doso,doit,dothat,dothis,dothesame等，替代句型包括sodo/be/will+主语、so+主语+do/be/will、asbe+主语等。原文：我不愿为占用你的时间而道歉，我占用你的时间是有道理的。译文：Iwillnotapologizefortrespassingonyourtime.Ihaveagoodreasonfordoingso/that.原文：他说他很勤奋，他确实很勤奋。译文：Yousayheisdiligent,soheis.原文：成绩有两重性，错误也有两重性。译文：Achievementhasadualcharacter,andsodomistakes.（3）分句替代用替代词so/not来替代充当宾语的that从句；用ifso或ifnot替代条件状语从句；用so代替整个从句。原文；—明天会下雨吗？—我想不会/会下雨。译文：Willitraintomorrow?Iguessnot/so.原文：你会来出席会议吗？假如不出席会议，请及早通知我们。译文：Willyoucometoattendthemeeting?Ifnot,pleasenoticeusassoonaspossible.英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国社会

多元文化论culturalpluralism文化适应acculturation社会保障socialsecurity班车shuttlebus相定迁户arelocatedunitorhousehold大龄青年singleyouthabovethenormalmatrimonialage独生子女theonlychildinafamily单亲singleparent福利彩票welfarelotteries家政服务householdmanagementservice民工migrantlaborers

农村剩余劳动力surplusrurallabor/laborers青春期puberty全民健身运动nationwidefitnesscaign全国人口普查nationwidecensus社会保险socialinsurance暂住证temporaryresidencepermit/card青少年犯罪juveniledelinquency性骚扰sexualharassment走私smuggling性别歧视gender/sexualdiscrimination年龄歧视agediscrimination工作歧视jobdiscrimination

享乐主义hedonism文盲illiteracy贫富分化disparitybetweentherichandthepoor盗版pirated/illegalcopies一国两制OneCountry,TwoSystems三个代表theThreeRepresentsTheory两会(人大、政协)TwoConferences(NPCandCPPCC)南南合作South-SouthCooperation南北对话North-SouthDialog人大常委会People’sCongressStandingCommittee法制观念awarenessoflaw法制国家acountrywithanadequatelegalsystem

改革开放reformandopening-up公务员civilservants官僚主义作风thebureaucraticstyleofwork和谐并存harmoniouscoexistence计划生育familyplanning计划生育基本国策thebasicstatepolicyoffamilyplanning精神文明建设theconstructionofspiritualcivilization居委会neighborhoodcommittee科教兴国nationalrejuvenationthroughscienceandeducation

可持续发展sustainabledevelopment廉洁高效honestyandhighefficiency两岸关系cross-straitsrelations两岸谈判cross-straitsnegotiations领土完整territorialintegrity民族精神nationalspirit普选制generalelectionsystem求同存异seekcommongroundwhileshelvingdifferences人大代表NPCmember物质文明和精神文明materialandspiritualcivilization

可持续发展sustainabledevelopment廉洁高效honestyandhighefficiency两岸关系cross-straitsrelations两岸谈判cross-straitsnegotiations领土完整territorialintegrity民族精神nationalspirit普选制generalelectionsystem求同存异seekcommongroundwhileshelvingdifferences人大代表NPCmember物质文明和精神文明materialandspiritualcivilization

小康社会awell-offsociety小康水平awell-offstandard一个中国原则theone-Chinaprinciple与时俱进keeppacewiththetimes综合国力overallnationalstrength共同愿望commondesire“走出去”(战略)goingglobal不结盟non-alignment单边主义unilateralism多边政策multilateralism多极世界multipolarworld

人口老龄化agingofpopulation人口出生率birthrate社区月服务communityservice道德法庭courtofethics盗用公款embezzlement成人夜校nightschoolforadults在职进修班on-jobtrainingcourses政治思想教育politicalandideologicaleducation毕业生分配graduateplacement;assignmentofgraduate充电updateone’sknowledge

初等教育elementaryeducation大学城collegetown大学社区collegecommunity高等教育highereducation高等教育“211工程”the“211Project”forhighereducation高等学府institutionofhighereducation综合性大学comprehensiveuniversity文科院校collegesof(liberal)arts理工科大学college/universityofscienceandengineering师范学院teachers’college;normalcollege

高分低能highscoresandlowabilities高考(university/college)entranceexamination高校扩招thecollegeexpansionplan教育界educationcircle教育投入inputineducation九年义务教育nine-yearcompulsoryeducation考研taketheentranceexamsforpostgraduateschools课外活动extracurricularactivities必修课required/compulsorycourse选修课elective/optionalcourse基础课basiccourses专业课specializedcourses

课程表schoolschedule教学大纲teachingprogram;syllabus学习年限periodofschooling学历recordofformalschooling学分credit启发式教学heuristicteaching人才交流talentexchange人才战competitionfortalentedpeople商务英语证书BusinessEnglishCertificate(BEC)适龄儿重入学率enrollmentrateforchildrenofschoolage升学率proportionofstudentsenteringschoolsofahighergrade;

英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国历史与文化

京剧Pekingopera秦腔Qinopera功夫Kungfo太极TaiChi口技ventriloquism木偶戏puppetshow皮影戏shadowplay折子戏operahighlights杂技acrobatics相声wittydialoguecomedy刺绣embroidery苏绣Suzhouembroidery泥人clayfigure

书法calligraphy中国画traditionalChinesepainting水墨画Chinesebrushpainting中国结Chineseknot中国古代四大发明thefourgreatinventionsofancientChina火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针thecompass青铜器bronzeware瓷器porcelain;china唐三彩tri-colorglazedpotteryoftheTangDynasty景泰蓝cloisonne

秋千swing武术martialarts儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucianculture道教Taoism墨家Mohism法家Legalism佛教Buddhism孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子LaoTzu庄子ChuangTzu墨子MoTzu孙子SunTzu

象形文字pictographiccharacters文房四宝(笔墨纸观)theFourTreasuresoftheStudy(brush,inkstick,paper,andinkstone)

《大学》TheGreatLearning

《中庸》TheDoctrineoftheMean

《论语》TheAnalectsofConfucius

《孟子》TheMencius

《孙子兵法》TheArtofWar

《三国演义》ThreeKingdoms

《西游爷己》JourneytotheWest

《红楼梦》DreamoftheRedMansions

《水浒传》HeroesoftheMarshes

《山海经》TheClassicofMountainsandRivers

《资治通鉴》HistoryasaMirror

《春秋》TheSpringandAutumnAnnals

《史记》HistoricalRecords

《诗经》TheBookofSongs

《易经》TheIChing;TheBookofChanges

《礼记》TheBookofRites

《三字经》Three-characterScriptures八股文eight-partessay五言绝句five-characterquatrain七言律诗seven-characteroctave旗袍cheongsam中山装Chinesetunicsuit唐装Tangsuit风水Fengshui;geomanticomen阳历Solarcalendar阴历Lunarcalendar闰年leapyear十二生肖zodiac春节theSpringFestival元宵节theLanternFestival清明节theTomb-sweepingDay端午节theDragon-boatFestival中秋节theMid-autumnDay重阳节theDouble-ninthDay七夕节theDouble-seventhDay春联springcouplets庙会templefair爆竹firecracker年画(traditional)NewYearpictures压岁钱NewYeargift-money舞龙dragondance元宵sweetstickyricedumplings花灯festivallantern灯谜lanternriddle舞狮liondance踩高跷stiltwalking赛龙舟dragonboatrace胡同hutong山东菜Shandongcuisine川菜Sichuancuisine粤菜Cantoncuisine扬州菜Yangzhoucuisine月饼mooncake年糕ricecake油条deep-frieddoughsticks豆浆soybeanmilk馒头steamedbuns花卷steamedtwistedrolls包子steamedstuffedbuns北京烤鸭Beijingroastduck拉面hand-stretchednoodles馄饨wonton(dumplingsinsoup)豆腐tofubeancurd麻花frieddoughtwist烧饼clayovenrolls皮蛋100-yearegg;centuryegg蛋炒饭friedricewithegg糖葫芦tomatoesonsticks火锅hotpot长城theGreatWallofChina烽火台beacontower秦士台皇陵theMausoleumofEmperorQinshihuang兵马俑TerracottaWarriorsandHorses大雁塔BigWildGoosePagoda丝绸之路theSilkRoad敦煌莫高窟MogaoGrottoes华清池HuaqingHotSprings苏州园林Suzhougardens西湖WestLake九寨沟JiuzhaigouValley日月潭SunMoonLake布达拉宫PotalaPalace鼓楼drumtower四合院quadrangle;courtyardcomplex孔庙ConfuciusTemple乐山大佛LeshanGiantBuddha十八罗汉theEighteenDisciplesoftheBuddha喇嘛Lama1.中华文明博大精深、源远流长。TheChinesecivilizationisextensiveandprofound,andhasalonghistory.2.和睦相处、彼此尊重、共求发展seekcommondevelopmentinaharmoniousandrespectfulrelationship3.相互学习，取长补短learnfromeachother’sstrengthstooffsettheirownweaknesses4.保持本民族的鲜明特色withholddistinctivenationalcharacteristics5.丰富民族的文化enrichnationalcultures6.中国的一些思想学说在世界思想史上占有重要的地位。Thevariousschoolsofthoughtoccupyaveryimportantpositionintheworldhistoryofphilosophy.定语的次序在汉语中，几个定语连用的时候，习惯上把最能表明事物本质的放在最前面，距离中心词较远；英语则相反，越能表明事物基本性质的定语，越要靠近中心词。1.表示产地的较远，表示原材料的较近。这是国产毛毯。Thisisahomemadewoolenblanket.2.表示时间概念的词较远。一个白发苍苍的老教授。anoldandwhite-hairedprofessor国际经济新秩序anewinternationaleconomicorder3.数词较远，表性质的词较近。50名可爱的孩子thefiftylovelychildren4.表次要性质的词较远，主要性质的较近医学上的重大发明thegreatmedicalinvention难分主次的，短单词在前，长的在后勤劳勇敢的中国人民thebravehard-workingChinesepeople二.翻译技巧英汉语言对比主语与话题1.现在全世界各地都在学习中国功夫。2.食堂今天吃饺子。英汉语言对比一.主语与话题1.现在全世界各地都在学习中国功夫。Nowadays,Chinesekungfuisbeinglearnedallacrosstheworld.2.食堂今天吃饺子。Jiaoziareservedinthecanteentoday.翻译技巧之主语选择应对策略：1.选择与话题相关的主语，并考虑主谓搭配的合理性五大基本句子结构SV：Theriverruns.SVC：Helooksstrong.SVO：Hepaintedapicture.SVOO：Hegavemeamedicalhandbook.SVOC：Theymadehimtheirteamleader.例题：1.茶的品种不同，制法也不同。例题：1.茶的品种不同，制法也不同。Teadiffers/variesintypesandmethodsofproduction.例题：2.最能代表中国功夫的是太极拳。Taichiisthebestrepresentativeofkungfu.Taichirepresentkungfuinthebestway.Giveitago!1中国文化认为龙是负责降雨的神仙（immortal),象征着帝王和权力。Giveitago!1中国文化认为龙是负责降雨的神仙（immortal),象征着帝王和权力。DragonisregardedastheimmortalofrainfallsinChinesecultureandsymbolizestheemperorandpower.Giveitago!1.中国人交朋友，最重要的原则是“诚”和“信”。2.中国人交朋友，最重要的原则是“诚”和“信”。中国人交朋友要坚持的最重要的原则是诚和信。Chinesepeopletrytomaintaintwomostimportantprinciples:sincerityandfaithfulnessinmakingfriends.冒号和破折号的用法当句子中要列举事物，一个解释性的分句时可以用冒号或者破折号TheywereallthereDaisy,oldTrevor,Martin,andevenHilary.Youcan'tcountonhimtohelp:heissuchabusyman.英汉语言对比二.主语的物称与人称例题1：经过调查，我们得出了结论。Investigationledustotheconclusion.二.主语的物称与人称例题2：职责所在，我不能临阵脱逃。二.主语的物称与人称例题2：职责所在，我不能临阵脱逃。Mydutyforbidsmetoflyfromdanger.Giveitago!1.过年时，人们在家门上都贴上了春联。Giveitago!1.过年时，人们在家门上都贴上了春联。NewYearcoupletsareputonthedoorsofeveryfamilyinSpringFestival.英汉语言对比被动与主动1.我也许是太自私了，也许是被别的东西迷住了眼睛。我也许太自私了，也许是别的东西迷了我的眼睛。2.上身的衣服完全被打湿了。上身的衣服完全打湿了。被动语态的翻译无主句话题为物称Giveitago!1.由于中国功夫的发展，产生了中国人的侠义(chivalrous)精神。WiththedevelopmentofChinesekungfu,achivalrousspiritwasadoptedinChina.2.每年一度由政府主办的艺术嘉年华为当地艺术家提供了广阔的平台。Anannualartcarnivalhostedbythegovernmenthasprovidedabroadstageforlocalartists.3.文章总算写完了。Thearticlehasfinallybeenfinished.静态与动态英语倾向多用名词，汉语倾向多用动词。例题1：今天的中国虽然取得了巨大的发展成就，但任然是世界上最大的发展中国家。DespitetremendousgrowthinmodernChina,thecountryisstillthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld.Giveitago!消除战争，实现和平，建设独立富强、民生幸福的国家，是近代以来中国人民孜孜以求的奋斗目标。Giveitago!消除战争，维护和平，建设独立富强、民生幸福的国家，是（中国人民最终的）奋斗目标。消除eliminate维护maintain建设establish独立independent富强prosperousTheeliminationofwars,themaintenanceofpeaceandtheestablishmentofanindependentandprosperouscountryaretheultimategoaloftheChinesepeople.名词化现象1.TheministryappointedJohnsonasdirectorofthisdepartment,sohewashappy.=TheoppointmentofJohnsonbytheministryasdirectorofthisdepartmentmadehimhappy.2.Thepoliceinvestigatedthematter.=Thepoliceconductedan

intothematter.3.Theywerenarrow-mindedandIdon'tlikeit.=Idon'tliketheir

.1.TheministryappointedJohnsonasdirectorofthisdepartment,sohewashappy.=TheoppointmentofJohnsonbytheministryasdirectorofthisdepartmentmadehimhappy.2.Thepoliceinvestigatedthematter.=Thepoliceconductedaninvestigationintothematter.3.Theywerenarrow-mindedandIdon'tlikeit.=Idon'tliketheirnarrow-mindedness.动词转化为名词suffixchangesexamples-ance/ancyallow-allowance-ence/encyexist-existence-(s,t)ionpermit-permission-agemarry-marriage-mentmanage-management-s(t)ureexpose-exposure-(e)rydiscover-discovery动词转化为名词suffixchangesexamplesexercise-ance/ancyallow-allowanceappear-ence/encyexist-existencepersist-(s,t)ionpermit-permissionapplicant-agemarry-marriagebond-mentmanage-managementemploy-s(t)ureexpose-exposuredepart-(e)rydiscover-discoveryrecover形容词转化为名词suffixchangesexamples-nesssad-sadness-itystupid-stupidityent→ence/encyconsequent-consequenceant→ance/ancyvacant-vacancyable→ablilityprobable-probabilitysuffixchangesexamplesexercise-nesssad-sadnessrough-itystupid-stupiditysecureent→ence/encyconsequent-consequencefluentant→ance/ancyvacant-vacancyvariantable→ablilityprobable-probabilityirrevocable形容词转化为名词suffixchangesexamplesate→acy/ationaccurate-accuracyic-icsathletic-athletics-(i)tudeapt-aptitude-ismcritic-criticismt(s)ive-tioncommunicative-communication形容词转化为名词suffixchangesexamplesexerciseate→acy/ationaccurate-accuracyadequateic-icsathletic-athleticsgymnastic-(i)tudeapt-aptitudegrateful-ismcritic-criticismsocialt(s)ive-tioncommunicative-communicationattractiveprogressive形容词转化为名词Giveitago!1.医生到得很早，护士很高兴。Thedoctor’searlyarrivalpleasedthenurse.2.一见到那孩子，我就想到他父母。Thesightofthatchildremindsmeofhisparents.3.中国人重视孝道，是由于传统上不看重功利（beattributableto)Chinesepeople'semphasisonfilialpietyisattributabletotheirtraditionalneglectofmaterialgain.4.中国人发明了火药，却从来没有制造枪炮侵略别人。Chinesepeopleinventedgunpowder,buthaveneverusedittomakegunsforinvasion.三.主谓一致常见错误第一类错误：主谓间隔1.Thesharpfangsinthedog'smouthlooksscary.2.Thelumpysaltinthesharkersneedstobechanged.3.Anoldchairwithbrokenlegshassatinourbasementforyears.主谓一致常见错误第二类错误：主谓倒装1.Thereiswilddogsinourneighbourhood.2.Whatarethechildren'scoats?3.Hereisthenotesfromyesterday'slecture.主谓一致常见错误第三类错误：复合主语1.Aquiltandasleepingbagcoversmybedinthewinter.2.Neitherthenegotiatornortheunionleaderswantthestriketocontinue.3.Neithertheunionleadernorthenegotiatorwantthestriketocontinue.就近原则：either...or...,notonly...butalso...,neither...nor...主谓一致常见错误第四类错误：不定代词1不定代词有哪些？one,anyone,everyone,someonenobody,anybody,everybody,somebodynothing,anything,everything,somethingeach,either,neither

主谓一致常见错误第四类错误：不定代词1.Neitherofthosehairstylessuitstheshapeofyourface.2.Somebodywithoutmuchsensitivityalwaysmentionmybirthday.3.Bothofthepuppiesarecuteintheirownways.4.Everyoneenterthecollegekite-flyingcontestinthespring.

Giveitago!1.EachoftheirchildrenwasgivenanamepickedatrandomfromapageoftheBible.2.ManyoftheheadlinesintheNationalEnquirerseemhardtobelieve.3.Ametalgrabbarboltedontothetilesmakesiteasierforelderlypeopletogetintoandoutofthebathtub.4.Oneofthehospital'sdeliveryroomsisfurnishedwithbrightcarpetsandcurtainstoresemblearoomathome.5.Nexttothecashregisterisacanfordonationstothedentist'speopletogetintoandoutofthebathtub.四.常见句式1.包括consistof火锅包含了一个在餐桌中间煮涮(simmer)东西的金属锅。Chinesehotpotconsistsofasimmeringmetalpotofstockatthecenterofthediningtable.2.指的是Referto它最初在隋朝被称为元宵，曾被用来指代元宵节OriginallynamedYuanxiaointheSuiDynasty,itwaseverusedtorefertotheLanternFestival.3.即使Evenif年轻人会称呼年长的人“爷爷”、“奶奶”以示尊重，即使和那个人没有血缘关系。Theyoungpeoplewillcallanolderperson“YeYe”(grandfather),“NaiNai”(grandmother)asasignofrespectevenifthereisnobloodlineage.4.有...历史Haveahistoryof元宵有着700多年的历史。YuanXiao,sweetsoupball,hasahistoryofover700years.5.与...相似besimilarto数字2是幸运的意思，因为它和容易的发音相似。Thenumbertwoisfortunate,becauseitissimilartothesoundof“easy”.6.直到...才...Not...Until...直到主宾和主陪都坐下来之后，客人才可以坐下。Guestsshouldnotsituntilthemainhostandguesthavedoneso.7.标志着Symbolize/signal...上水果标志着水果的结束。Servingfruitsignalstheendofthemeal.8.被分类为...beclassifiedas/into...茶被分类为五类Chineseteacanbeclassifiedintofive