2024年新高考英语近两年名校联考模拟题07 六选四（上海专用）（解析版）

专题07大选四(解析版)

目录

1.上海市格致中学2023-2024学年高三试卷

2.上海市卢湾高级中学2023年高三英语模拟考试

3.上海市2023年高三“六校联合教研”调研试卷

4.上海市宝山区2023年高三区统考试卷

5.上海市格致中学2023-2024学年高三试题

6.上海市控江中学2023年学高三试卷

7.上海市涌东新区新川中学2023年高三试题

8.上海市市北中学2023年高三试卷

9.上海市同济大学第一附属中学2023年高三试题

1().上海市吴淞中学2023年高三调研试卷

1.【上海市格致中学2023・2024学年高三试卷】

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Each

sentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

Thelatestresearchsuggestsamoreprosaic,democratic,evenpuritanicalviewoftheworld.Thekeyfactor

separatinggeniusesfromthemerelyaccomplishedisnotadivinespark.67Instead,ifsdeliberate

practice.Topperformersspendmorehoursrigorouslypracticingtheircraft.

Ifyouwantedtopicturehowatypicalgeniusmightdevelop,you'dtakeagirlwhopossessedaslightly

aboveaverageverbalability,atalentjustenoughsothatshemightgainsomesenseofdistinction.Thenyou

wouldwanthertomeet,say,anovelist,whocoincidentallysharedsomesimilarbiographicaltraits.Maybethe

writerwasfromthesametown,hadthesameethnicbackground,or,sharedthesamebirthday.

68Itwouldgivehersomeideaofafascinatingcircleshemightsomedayjoinandfuelaneed

forsuccess.Armedwiththisambition,shewouldreadnovelsandlifestoriesofwriterswithoutend.Thiswould

giveheraprimaryknowledgeofherfield.She'dbeabletoseenewwritingindeeperwaysandquicklyperceive

itsinnerworkings.

Thenshewouldpracticewriting.Herpracticewouldbeslow,painstakinganderror-focused.Bypracticingin

thisway,shedelaystheautomatizingprocess.Hermindwantstoturnconscious,newlylearnedskillsinto

unconscious,automaticallyperformedskills.Thenshewouldfindanadviserwhowouldprovideaconstant

streamoffeedback,viewingherperformancefromtheoutside,correctingthesmallesterrors,pushinghertotake

ontougherchallenges.69Sheisestablishinghabitsofthoughtshecancalluponinorderto

understandorsolvefutureproblems.

Theprimarytraitshepossessesisnotsomemysteriousgenius.It'stheabilitytodevelopapurposeful,

laboriousandboringpracticeroutine.Thelatestresearchtakessomeofthemagicoutofgreatachievement.

70_____Andit'struethatgenesplayaroleinourcapabilities.Butthebrainisalsoveryplastic.Weconstruct

ourselvesthroughbehavior.

A.Whethershewasblessedwithagoodsenseoflanguage,thepracticewouldmotivateher.

B,Bynowsheisredoingproblems—howdoIgetcharactersintoaroom—dozensanddozensoftimes.

C.Butitunderlinesafactthatisoftenneglected:publicdiscussionisaffectedbygeneticsandwhatwe're

“hard-wired"todo.

D.It'snotI.Q.,agenerallybadpredictorofsuccess,eveninrealmslikechess.

E.Thiscontactwouldgivethegirlavisionofherfutureself.

F.Researcherscansafelydrawtheconclusionthatshehasinternalizedtheskillofwritingstories.

【答案】67.D68.E69.B70.C

【导语】本文是一篇议论文.文章主要讲的是天才的诞生不是因为神的火花，而是长期严格的练习。

67.空前“Thekeyfactorseparatinggeniusesfromthemerelyaccomplishedisnotadivinespark.（将天才与仅仅

有成就的人区分开来的关键因素并不是神的火花）”说明了天才的产生不是因为神的火花，空后“Instead,it's

deliberatepractice」相反，这是一种刻意的练习）”说明了天才的产生是来自于刻意的练习，因此空格处应该

说天才的诞生也不是因为什么，D选项"It'snotI.Q.,agenerallybadpredictorofsuccess,eveninrealmslike

chess.（它不是智商，智商通常是一个不好的成功预测指标，即使在国际象棋等领域也是如此厂说明了天才

的产生也不是因为智商，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选D。

68.空前“Thenyouwouldwanthertomeet,say,anovelist,whocoincidentallysharedsomesimilarbiographical

traits.Maybethewriterwasfromthesametown,hadthesameethnicbackground,or,sharedthesame

birlhday.（然后你会想让她认识，比如说，一个小说家，碰巧有一些相似的传记特征。也许作者来自同一个

城镇，有相同的种族背景，或者是同一天生日）”说明这个女孩会和小说家见面，空后“Itwouldgivehersome

ideaofafascinatingcircleshemightsomedayjoinandfuelaneedforsuccess.（这会让她对某——天可能力口入的

迷人圈子有一些想法，并激发她对成功的需求）”说明了和小说家见面对女孩的影响，空格处也应该是对女

孩的影响，E选项“Thiscontactwouldgivethegirlavisionofherfutureself.（这种接触会让女孩看到未来的自

己）”说明了和小说家见面给女孩带来的好的影响，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选E。

69.空前“Thenshewouldfindanadviserwhowouldprovideaconstantstreamoffeedback,viewingher

performancefromtheoutside,correctingthesmallesterrors,pushinghertotakeontougherchallenges.（然后,她

会找到一位顾问，这位顾问会提供源源不断的反馈，从外部观察她的表现，纠正最小的错误，推动她接受

更艰巨的挑战）”说的是她会做什么来推动自己接受挑战，空后“Sheisestablishinghabitsofthoughtshecan

calluponinordertounderstandorsolvefutureproblems.（她正在建立一种思维习惯，可以用来理解或解决未来

的问题）”也说明的是她做什么事情，空格处也应该是她所做的事情，B选项“Bynowsheisredoingproblems

—howdoIgetcharactersintoaroom-dozensanddozensoftimes.（到目前为止，她正在反复思考问题-

我如何把角色放进一个房间里——几卜次又几I•次）”和她创作自己的故事有关，而且现在进行时和空后句

子的现在进行时一致，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。

70.空后“Andit'struethatgenesplayaroleinourcapabilities4的确，基因在我们的能力中扮演着重要的角色）'

说明了基因对我们的能力起着重要的作用，空格处也应该和基因有关，C选项“Butitunderlinesafactthatis

oftenneglected:publicdiscussionisaffectedbygeneticsandwhatwe're"hard-wired"todo.（但它强调「一个经

常被忽视的事实：公众讨论受到基因和我们“天生”的行为的影响）''说明了公众讨论受到基因和我们“天生”

的行为的影响，和基因有关，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选Cc

2.【上海市卢湾高级中学2023年高三英语模拟考试】

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Each

sentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

LessonsfromCommencementSpeeches

Asabusinessowner,youprobablydon'tlooktocollegecommencementspeechesasasourceofinspiration

whenyou'refeelingfrustratedordefeated-butyoushould.Herearethreeuniversitycommencementspeeches

deliveredbysuccessfulindividualsfromavarietyoffields.67

,1.Getcomfortablewithchange/JimmyIovine,USC,2014

Musicmogul（大亨）JimmyIovine'smainadviceistogetcomfortablewithchangeandthefearthatcomes

withit.Inhisspeech,Iovineexplainsthathelearnedhisgreatestlifelessonwhenherealizedthesuccessfulrecord

company,hebuiltcouldn'tcompetewiththenewindustrymodelofdownloadingfreemusic.Hehadachoice:get

onboardorgetleftbehind.68

.2.Buildbusinessesthatdogood/BillGates,HarvardUniversity,2007

BillGates,founderofMicrosoft,usesthisspeechtoposeaquestionheaskshimself:Howcanyoudothe

mostgoodforthegreatestamountofpeoplewiththeresourcesyouhave?

Foryears,Gateswasunawareofthemillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldlivinginpovertyandbattling

diseases.Onceherealizedhecouldhelp,hechangedhisapproachtobusiness.Pursuinginnovationand

advancementisimportant.69GatestellsHarvard,“Humanity'sgreatestadvancesarenotinits

discoveries-butinhowthosediscoveriesareappliedtoreduceinequity.^^

.3.Spendlesstimedreamingandmoretimedoing/ShondaRhimes,Dartmouth,2014

Ifyoufeelbeatenbythedreamsyouhaveforyourbusiness,thisspeechwillsetyoustraight.

AuthorandTVshowproducerShondaRhimestellstheDartmouthgraduates,"Whilesomearebusy

dreaming,thereallyhappypeople,thereallysuccessfulpeople,thereallyinteresting,engaged,powerfulpeople,

arebusydoing.,,70Youdon'tevenneedtoknowexactlywhatyouwanttodo.Rhimessaysthemost

importantthingistostayopentopossibilitiesandjuststartsomewhere.

A.Dreamingisonlyeffectiveifyoufollowitupwithaction,whetheryou'rebrainstorminganewbusinessmodel

orimagininghowtogrowyourcompany.

B.Failurecanbeadrivingforce:onethatfreesyoufromfearandencouragesyoutopursuewhatyouwantmost.

C.Intoday'sfast-movingworld,onewithgreattechnologicaladvancementsandculturalshiftsstillneedstobe

preparedtolearn,adapt,andstartoverifnecessary.

D.It'smoreimportanttodevelopcreativebusinessmodelsthatturnprofitsandsolveproblems.

E.Theonlywaytobetrulysatisfiedistodowhatyoubelieveisgreatwork.

F.Theirwordsareguaranteedtomotivateyoutothinkcriticallyaboutyourbusiness.

［答案】67.F68.C69.D70.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章是来自不同领域的成功人士发表的三篇大学毕业典礼演讲。

【67题详解】

空前说“Herearethreeuniversitycommencementspeechesdeliveredbysuccessfulindividualsfromavarietyof

fields.（以下是来自不同领域的成功人士发表的三篇大学毕业典礼演讲广，空格处应该说明看这些演讲的好

处，F选项“Theirwordsareguaranteedtomotivateyoutothinkcriticallyaboutyourbusiness.（他们的话一定会

激励你批判性地思考你的业务）''是对演讲里的话的好处的评价，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选艮

【68题详解】

空前说"Musicmogul（大亨）JimmyIovine'smainadviceistogetcomfortablewithchangeandthefearthat

comeswithit.Inhisspeech,Iovineexplainsthathelearnedhisgreatestlifelessonwhenherealizedthesuccessful

recordcompany,hebuiltcouldn'tcompetewiththenewindustrymodelofdownloadingfreemusic.Hehada

choice:getonboardorgetleftbehind.（音乐大亨JimmyIovine的主要建议是适应变化和随之而来的恐惧。在

他的演讲中，Iovine解释说，当他意识到他建立的成功的唱片公司无法与免费下载音乐的新行业模式竞争

时，他学到了人生中最重要的一课。他有一个选择:要么加入，要么被抛在后面广说明Iovine认为要适应变

化，学习新的东西，C选项“Intoday'sfast-movingworld,onewithgreattechnologicaladvancementsandcultural

shiftsstillneedstobepreparedtolearn,adapt,andstartoverifnecessary.（在当今快速发展的世界中，〜个拥有

巨大技术进步和文化转变的人仍然需要准备好学习、适应，并在必要时重新开始）”强调了要学习，适应变

化，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。

【69题详解】

空前说“Onceherealizedhecouldhelp,hechangedhisapproachtobusiness.Pursuinginnovationand

advancementisimportanl.（当他意识到自己可以提供帮助时，他改变了自己的经营方式。创新进取是重要的）”,

空格处承接上文，应该对他的改变和创新进行进一步的描述，D选项“Msmoreimportanttodevelopcreative

businessmodelsthatturnprofitsandsolveproblems4更重要的是开发出能够带来利润和解决问题的创造性商

业模式）”强调/开发和创造，且其中的“It'smoreimportant”和前面的important构成递进，因此承接上文，

符合语境，故选D。

【70题详解】

空前说“Whilesomearebusydreaming,thereallyhappypeople,thereallysuccessfulpeople,thereally

interesting,engaged,powerfulpeople,arebusydoing.（当有些人忙于做梦时，真正快乐的人，真正成功的人，

真正有趣的人，真正投入的人，真正强大的人，都在忙着做事情）“，说明不能光做梦，要行动，A选项

“Dreamingisonlyeffectiveifyoufollowitupwithaction,whetheryou'rebrainstorminganewbusinessmodelor

imagininghowtogrowyourcompany4无论你是在头脑风暴一个新的商业模式，还是在设想如何发展你的公

司，做梦只有在你采取行动的时候才会有效户说明了不能光做梦，得行动，因此承接上文，符合语境，故

选Ao

3.【上海市2023年高三“六校联合教研"调研试卷】

Shouldyoulistentomusicwhenyouwork?

Doyouliketolistentomusicwhenyouwork?

Posethisquestionataparty,andyou'1probablygetsomepolarizingresponses.Somewillsaytheyloveit,

claimingthatitimprovestheirperformance;otherswillsaytheyfinditdistractingandcannotworkeffectively

withmusicplayinginthebackground.

Interestinglyenough,ourresearchhasfoundthatbothoftheseperspectivescanbetrue.47

Inarecentstudy,webroughtparticipantsintoourlabtoperformavarietyoftasks.Theyincludedaneasy

task-searchingthroughwordlistsandcrossingoutwordscontainingtheletter"a"andamoredifficult

task-memorizingwordpairsandrecallingthepartnertoeachword.Someparticipantscompletedallofthetasksin

silence,whereasotherscompletedthetaskswithinstrumentalmusicthatwaseitherloudorsoft,andeithersimple

orcomplex,thelattermeaningmusicwithmoreinstrumentaltracks.Severalkeyfindingsemergedfromourstudy.

Wefoundthatparticipantswholistenedtosimplemusicornomusicperformedaboutthesameontheeasy

task.48

Converselyparticipantsperformedworseonthemoredifficulttaskwhentheylistenedtoanymusic,

regardlessofcomplexityorvolume,comparedtothosewhodidn'tlistentoanymusic.

Whatshouldwemakeofthesefindings?

Wesuggestthatpeoplehavelimitedmentalresourcesfromwhichbothmusicandtaskscandraw.49

Butwealsocanbecomeoverstimulatedanddistractedwhentheseresourcesareoverwhelmed.

Notsurprisingly,wetypicallyneedtousefewerofourmentalresourceswhenweperformeasytasks,

whereasdemandingtasksrequiremorebrainpower.However,becausewemightbelessengagedduringeasier

tasks,there'sagreaterriskofdriftingoff.Musicmightgiveustheextraboostweneedtoplowthroughthe

monotony（单调）.50Listeningtomusiccanbecomeoverkill.

Sooptimalperformanceshouldoccurwhenwestrikea“sweetspot,“whichmaydependonthetypeofmusic

andthetypeoftask.

A.Itjustdependsonwhatsortofworkyou'redoing.

B.However,difficulttasksalreadydemandalotofourresources.

C.However,participantswholistenedtocomplexmusicperformedbestontheeasytask.

D.Ourresearchfindingssuggestthattheeffectsofmusicmayalsodependonourpersonalities.

E.Wecanbecomeboredandourmindsmaywanderwhentheseresourcesareunderutilized.

F.Itcanactuallybehelpfultoputonsomemusicwhenyouworkonsomethingeasyandrepetitive.

【答案】47.A48.C49.E50.B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了工作时听音乐有利有弊取决于音乐类型和工作类型，没有明确的

对错之分。

47.根据空前的“Interestinglyenough,ourresearchhasfoundthatbothoftheseperspectivescanbetrue.（有趣的

是，我们的研究发现这两种观点都是正确的。）”可知，研究发现，听音乐对工作的影响的两种观点都是对

的，结下一段中“Theyincludedaneasytask-searchingthroughwordlistsandcrossingoutwordscontainingthe

letter"a"andamoredifficulttask-memorizingwordpairsandrecallingthepartnertoeachword.（它彳门包括——个

简单的任务搜索-通过单词列表并划掉包含字母“葭的单词，以及更困难的任务-记住单词对并回忆每个

单词的合作伙伴。户实验的设计，可知，听音乐对工作的影响取决于做的工作类型，A选项“Itjustdepends

onwhatsortofworkyou'redoing.（这只取决于你在做什么工作。）”中的it指的是听音乐的影响，讲述的内容

与下文内容吻合。故选A项。

48.根据空前的“Wefoundthatparticipantswholistenedtosimplemusicornomusicperformedaboutthesame

ontheeasytask.（我们发现，听简单音乐或不听音乐的参与者在简单任务中的表现大致相同。广可知，此处

讲述的是研究的其中一个发现---听简单音乐在简单任务上的影响，C选项“However,participantswho

listenedtocomplexmusicperformedbestontheeasytask.（然而，听复杂音乐的参与者在简单的任务中表现最

好。）”中的however以及讲述的内容与此处内容相对应，讲述的是研究的另外一个发现。故选C项。

49.根据空后“Butwealsocanbecomeoverstimulatedanddistractedwhentheseresourcesareoverwhelmed.（但

是，当这些资源不堪重负时，我们也会变得过度刺激和分心。户中的but可知，空格内容与此处讲述的内

容为转折关系，此处讲述的是任务过多，也会分散注意力，根据also可知，空处讲述的为任务少于此产生

的影响是一样的，E选项“Wecanbecomeboredandourmindsmaywanderwhentheseresourcesare

underutilized.（当这些资源未得到充分利用时，我们可能会感到无聊，我们的思想可能会走神。「讲述的内

容与空后内容相符，逻辑合理。故选E项。

50.根据空前“However,becausewemightbelessengagedduringeasiertasks,there?sagreaterriskofdriftingoff.

Musicmightgiveustheextraboostweneedtoplowthroughthemonotony（单调）.（但是，由于我们在较简单的

任务中可能不太投入，因此偏离的风险更大。音乐可能会给我们额外的动力，我们需要克服单调。）“可知，

简单的任务需要的投入不大，会造成注意力分散，所以需要音乐给我们动力，空后“Listeningtomusiccan

becomeoverkill.（听音乐可能会变得矫枉过正。户可知，音乐可能会变得矫枉过正，对应空前的“音乐给我们

动力去克服单调”由此可知，此空处对应“简单的任务投入不大，B选项“However,difficulttasksalready

demandalotofourresources4然而，困难的任务己经需要我们的大量资源。广讲述的是困难的任务需要大量

的资源，与空前内容“简单的任务投入不大”对应，与空后内容衔接。故选B项。

4.【上海市宝山区2023年高三区统考试卷】

Thenightskyhasbeenanendlesssourceoffascinationsincethestartofhumanhistory.Forexample,the

mysteriouslarge-eyed,bronzestatuesoftheancientShuKingdom,discoveredattheChinesearcheologicalsiteat

Sanxingdui,werebelievedtohavebeenabletolookacrossgreatdistancesintothestars.Inreality,humanscan

seeverylittleofthenightskywiththenakedeye.And,foralongwhile,peoplewereunabletounderstandwhat

theycouldsee.47

Ourpowertoinvestigateandthusunderstandspacechangeddramaticallywhenthefirsttelescope（望远镜）

wasangledatthenightsky,increasingasitdidthepowerofthehumaneyeandenablingustounderstandthatthe

universeisfarlargerthanwaspreviouslyimaginable.Theplanetswereseentobeworldssimilartoourown,

manyofthemevenhavingtheirownmoons.

48Some300yearslater,welearntthattheMilkyWayitselfwasjustonegalaxyamongbillionsof

others,spreadacrosstheblacknessofspacelikegreatislandsoflightandmatterfloatinginavastcosmicocean.

Almost400yearsafterthefirstEarth-basedtelescopewasinvented,theHubbleSpaceTelescopewas

launchedintoorbit,givingastronomersindeedallofus—thefirstbreathtakinglybeautifulimagesofour

universetakenfrombeyondEarth.49Ithasalsohelpedustoworkouttheageandnatureofthe

universe,anddiscovertheincrediblefactthattheuniverseisexpandingatanever-increasingspeed.

50Currently,Chinaoperatestheworld'slargestandmostpowerfulradiotelescope,theFAST

telescope,completedin2016.The500-metredishofthe“EyeofHeaven”,asitisknown,isbeingusedinthe

searchfordarkmatter.Thisvastdishalsohastheabilitytoexploreregionsofspacebillionsoflightyearsaway,

rightattheedgeofthevisibleuniverse.

A.ThesuccessoftheHubblehasdependedonteamsofengineers,technicians,scientists,andastronauts

workingtogetheronhighperformancechallengesforthecause.

B.Soon,itwasunderstoodthattheSunwasjustonestaramongbillionsinthegalaxywecalltheMilkyWay.

C.Notknowingwhatthestarswere,peopleinancienttimesusedtheirimaginationstocreateaworldinthe

sky.

D.Toseeevenfurtherintotheuniverse,manycountriesarenowengagedinbuildingevermoreadvanced

telescopes.

E.SomuchoftheMilkyWayremainsunexploredthatwearestillclosetothestartofthisincrediblejourney

ofdiscovery.

F.Nothinginhistoryhasallowedustoseesomuchoversuchgreatdistances,fromcloudsofgaswherestars

arebeingbomtonewplanetswherewemightfindlife.

【答案】47.C48.B49.F50.D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们探索宇宙的发展过程。

47.根据前文“Thenightskyhasbeenanendlesssourceoffascinationsincethestartofhumanhistory.For

example,themysteriouslarge-eyed,bronzestatuesoftheancientShuKingdom,discoveredattheChinese

archeologicalsiteatSanxingdui,werebelievedtohavebeenabletolookacrossgreatdistancesintothestars.In

reality,humanscanseeverylittleofthenightskywiththenakedeye.And,foralongwhile,peoplewereunable

tounderstandwhattheycouldsee."（自人类历史开始以来，夜空一直是无穷无尽的魅力之源。例如,在三

星堆中国遗迹发现的古蜀国神秘的大眼青铜雕像，被认为可以遥望星空。事实上，人类用肉眼只能看到夜

空中很小的一部分，并且在很长一段时间里，人们无法理解他们所看到的东西）可知，空处应承接前文，

讲述人们对自己所看到的无法解释的这些东西，产生了一种想象，构造了一个空中的景象。选项C.”由于

不知道星星是什么，占代的人们用他们的想象力在天空中创造了一个世界。“，切题，故选C。

48.根据后文“Some300yearslater,welearntthattheMilkyWayitselfwasjustonegalaxyamongbillionsof

others,spreadacrosstheblacknessofspacelikegreatislandsoflightandmatterfloatinginavastcosmicocean.^^

（大约300年后，我们了解到，银河系本身只是数十亿个星系中的一个，它散布在黑暗的太空中，就像漂

浮在浩瀚宇宙海洋中的光与物质的巨大岛屿。）提到了人们逐步对银河系的理解有了深入，所以，空处可

以描述在此之前，人们对银河系的认识的情形。选项B.“很快，人们就认识到太阳只是我们称之为银河系

的数十亿星系中的一颗。”，选项中"galaxy”为原词重现，切题，故选B。

49.根据前文“Almost400yearsafterthefirstEarth-basedtelescopewasinvented,theHubbleSpaceTelescope

waslaunchedintoorbit,givingastronomersindeedallofus—thefirstbreathtakinglybeautifulimagesofour

universetakenfrombeyondEarth."（在第一架地球望远镜发明近400年后，这架哈勃空间望远镜被发射进入

轨道，给天文学家们以及我们所有人带来了第一张从地球以外拍摄的宇宙美得令人惊叹的照片。）讲述了

哈勃望远镜带给人们对宇宙的认识。后文“Ithasalsohelpedustoworkouttheageandnatureoftheuniverse,

anddiscovertheincrediblefactthattheuniverseisexpandingatanever-increasingspeed.”（它还帮助我们计算

出宇宙的年龄和性质，并发现宇宙正在以不断增长的速度膨胀这一令人难以置信的事实。）also一词表明，

空处的内容应同样讲述哈勃望远镜的应用的意义。选项F.“从恒星诞生的气体云到我们可能发现生命的新

行星，历史上没有什么能让我们在如此遥远的距离上看到如此多的东西。”，肯定了哈勃望远镜的使用，

丰富了人们对宇宙的认知，切题，故选F。

50.根据后文“Currently,Chinaoperatestheworld'slargestandmostpowerfulradiotelescope,theFAST

telescope,completedin2016.The500-metredishofthe“EyeofHeaven”,asitisknown,isbeingusedinthe

searchfbrdarkmatter."（目前，中国运营着世界上最大、最强大的射电望远镜——FAST望远镜，于2016

年完工。众所周知，500米长的“天眼”碟形天线被用于寻找暗物质。）举例说明了在认知宇宙方面，中国发

明了射电望远镜。空处总领整段，应提出在探索宇宙问题上，许多国家都在建造更先进的望远镜。选项

D.“为了更深入地观察宇宙，许多国家正致力于建造更先进的望远镜。”切题，故选D。

5.1上海市格致中学2023-2024学年高三试题】

TheBitterTruthBehindVanilla

Vanillaisoneoftheworld'smostpopularspicesandanimportantingredientinproductsrangingfrom

chocolatetoperfume.However,thewholesalepriceofvanillahasreachedupto$600perkilogram,whenjusta

fewyearsagoitfetchedatenthofthat.Whatishappening?

Madagascarsuppliesmorethan80percentoftheworld'snaturalvanilla.Inthe19thcentury,theFrench

introducedBourbonvanillatotheirAfricanislandcolony.Today,vanillarepresents20percentofMadagascan

exports,wortharound$600millionatcurrentprices.However,itisadifficultcroptogrow.Avinetakesthreeto

fouryearstomature.67Ninemonthslater,thegreenbeansmustbehand-pickedwhenperfectlyripeto

optimizetheirvanillincontent（thecompoundthatgivesvanillaitsflavor）.Monthsof力07g（焯水）,

山g（炳煮）andgradualdryinginthesunarethennecessarytoproducethe（芳香的）spice.Six

hundredhand-pollinatedblossomsyieldaboutsixkilosofgreenbeans,whichconverttoonekiloofdriedbeans.

ThepriceofMadagascanvanillawasoncesetbythegovernment.68Madagascar'sgovernment

waseventuallyforcedtoenditsprice-fixing-egi/ne（体制）.FoodgiantssuchasUnileverandNestlealsoincreased

theiruseofsyntheticvanillin,whichcanbeproducedfromreliablesources,addingtothepressure.For30years,

Madagascar'svanillafannersearnedjustapittance,andmanyendedupleavingthebusiness.Butevenwithfewer

producers,thepriceofnaturalvanillastayedlow.

Itwasnotuntilpublictastesstartedshiftingtowardsallthingsnaturalthatfarmers9fortunesrevived.From

around2011,somemanufacturersbeganfocusingoncemoreonnaturalvanilla.In2015,Nestleannouncedplans

touseonlynaturalingredientsinfiveyears,andHershey'sfollowedsuit.69Extremeweather,weak

crop-security,andexporterswhohoard山》刎。号（囤货）andspeculate（做投机买卖）onfurtherriseshavealso

keptpriceshigh.

70Topreventtheftoftheirnowrathervaluablecrops,farmershavetakentoharvestingthebeans

early,therebyreducingtheoverallqualityofthecrop.Thatforcesthegovernmenttomakegreatereffortsto

enforce（处罚）.Ifitmanagesthis,Madagascarcouldyetsavorthebenefitsofitsnear（垄断）.

A.It'sexpensivebecauseit'sbothlabor-intensiveandtime-consumingtogrow.

B.Demandhasthereforesurged,andwithitprices-inpartbecausenaturalsuppliesareinsufficient.

C.Ifpollination（授粉）issuccessful,itwilltakeanothereighttoninemonthsuntiltheplantmatures.

D.Thisrisehasnotbeenwithoutitschallenges.

E.Theflowersopenforjustonedayayear,sopollinationisdonecompletelybyhand.

F.Butsuchwerethepricesitdemandedforvanillathatinthe1980sbuyersturnedtheirattentiontothe

cheaper,poor-qualityversionavailableelsewhere,inparticularIndonesia.

【答案】67.E68.F69.B70.D

【导语】这是一篇说明文，香草是世界上最受欢迎的香料之」其批发价格高达每公斤600美元，然而就

在几年前，它的价格只有这个价格的十分之一，文章讲述了其中的原因。

67.根据上文“Avinetakesthreetofouryearstomature.（藤蔓需要三到四年才能成熟）"及下文“Ninemonths

later,thegreenbeansmustbehand-pickedwhenperfectlyripetooptimizetheirvanillincontent（thecompound

thatgivesvanillaitsflavor）.（9个月后，青豆必须在完全成熟时手工采摘，以优化它们的香草素含量（香草的

味道来自于这种化合物）''可知，此处是描述香草种植的艰难之处，E项“这种花一年只开放一天，所以授

粉完全靠手工完成”符合语境。故选E。

68.根据上文“ThepriceofMadagascanvanillawasoncesetbythegovernment.（马达加斯加香草的价格曾经由

政府确定）”可知，马达加斯加的香草的价格曾经由政府确定，下文“Madagascansgovernmentwaseventually

forcedtoenditsprice-fixingregime（体制）.（马达加斯加政府最终被迫结束了价格操纵制度）”提到马达加斯加

政府最终被迫结束了价格操纵制度，所以空处应是提及其他可以购买香草的地方，F项“但由于对香草的价

格要求太高，20世纪80年代，买家将注意力转向了其他可以买到更便宜、质量较差的香草的地方，尤其

是印度尼西亚”符合语境。故选F。

69.根据上文“In2015,Nestleannouncedplanstouseonlynaturalingredientsinfiveyears,andHershey\

followedsuit.（2015年，Nestl6宣布计划在五年内只使用天然原料，Hershey飞也紧随其后）”可知，制造商再

次关注香草，因此空处应是提及香草的需求量增大，B项“因此，需求激增，价格也随之飙升——部分原因

是自然供应不足”符合语境，故选B。

70.上文“Extremeweather,weakcrop-security,andexporterswhohoard山囤货）andspec〃/a/e（做投HL

买卖）onfurtherriseshavealsokeptpriceshigh.（极端的天气，脆弱的农作物安全，以及囤积库存并投机价格

进一步上涨的出口商也使得价格居高不下）”提到一系列原因使得香草价格居高不下，下文“Topreventtheft

oftheirnowrathervaluablecrops,farmershavetakentoharvestingthebeansearly,therebyreducingtheoverall

qualityofthecrop.Thatforcesthegovernmenttomakegreatereffortstoenforcepenalties（处罚）.（为了防止现在

价值颇高的作物被盗，农民们开始提前收割咖啡豆，从而降低了作物的整体质量。这迫使政府在执行处罚

方面付出更大努力）”描述了价格上涨导致的问题，D项“这种上涨并非没有挑战”承上启下，符合语境，故

选D。

6.【上海市控江中学2023年学高三试卷】

Kindness:NatureorNurture?

Itisatypicalsceneinapreschoolclassroom:DanielandHelenareeachhappilyplayingwiththeirowntoys

whenHelensuddenlyeyesDaniel'stoyandwantsit,andshewantsitNOW.DanielseesHelen'sdesireforhistoy

andkindlyextendsittoher.Helensnatchesthetoy,declaring"Mine!”andrunsoffacrosstheclassroomtoshow

offhernewtoytoherotherfriends.Danieldoesnotmind.

Inthisscene,Danieldisplaysprosocialbehavior,whichischaracterizedbyconcernfbrothersandan

intentiontohelpthem.Helen,ontheotherhand,demonstratedselfishbehavior.47Alternatively,was

theresomekindofgenetic