2024年中考英语阅读理解提分要义-选择型阅读

（1）选择型阅读——2024届中考英语阅读理解提分要义提分要点细节理解题语义转换题——跳读查找法此题型通常考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关句子进行比较和分析，最后确定最佳答案。运用跳读查找法时，要注意试题及其选项与原文之间的语义变换，如同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。生活应用题——常识理解法此题型要求学生在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。但有些时候，一些常识性判断题，甚至只看题干便可选出最佳答案。细节排序题——首尾定位法此题型要求学生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。解题时可以先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，缩小范围，从而快速选出正确答案。寻找信息题——题干定位法此题型一般为功能阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表、购物就餐等。做题时没有必要阅读全文，要根据题干要求，直接从短文中找相关信息。主旨大意题主旨大意型常见题干：What'sthepassagemainlyabout?Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?What'sthetopicofthearticle?Whichsubjectisdiscussedinthepassage?做此类主旨题时注意分析文章结构，找文章的中心句和每段的主题句，一般出现在首段或末段，每段的主题句一般是首句或末句。最后在通读全文的基础上，根据作者的意图归纳出文章中心。最佳标题型常见题干：What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?Thebesttitleofthepassageis______?标题是文章主题的高度概括，做这类题时应全面把握文章的中心大意，避免犯以偏概全的错误；标题应具有概括性、全面性和简洁性，若选项内容过宽或过窄，均有偏颇，应当排除；标题一般以短语的形式出现，其中的词常为文中多次出现的单词或词组，因此还可通过文中的高频词汇来推断标题。词义猜测题根据定义猜测。定义的形式通常为：用一个句子或段落给生词定义；使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容和引号、括号中的内容对生词加以解释或定义。根据举例猜测。恰当的举例能够提供猜测词义的重要线索。如：suchas，like，especially，forexample等是猜测词义的标志词。根据因果关系猜测。根据语境，由原因演绎出结果，由结果推断出原因，从而推断出生词的意义。根据构词法猜测。可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单词，而前缀和后缀是猜测英语单词的重要依据。根据词性变化猜测。部分单词可通过改变词性引申出新的含义。推理判断题推理判断题常见题干有：Wecanlearnfromthispassagethat...Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethat...Thewriteragreesthat...首先，在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文的内在联系，挖掘深层含义。进行推理时，仔细阅读短文，不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法主观臆断。其次，对于隐含在文章中的人物行为动机、事件因果关系以及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，从而抓住材料实质性的东西。最后，解答时，应清楚所要答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次观点等。提分训练一、Ayoungmanwithexcellentgradeswantedtogetajobinabigpany.Hemetthemanagerfortheinterview.Themanagerasked,"Whopaidforyoureducation?""Myparents,"theyoungmanreplied."Wheredotheywork?""Theyworkasclothescleaners."Then,themanageraskedtheyoungmantoshowhishands.Hefoundtheyoungman'shandsweresosmooth,andasked,"Haveyoueverhelpedyourparentswashtheclothes?""Never.""Nowgohomeandcleanyourparents'hands,thenseemetomorrowmorning."Theyoungmanfeltupset.Whenhegothome,heaskedhisparentstolethimcleantheirhands.Theyfeltstrangebuthappy.Whiletheyoungmanwascleaningtheirhands,hefoundhisparents'handsweresowrinkled(起皱的),andthereweresomanybruises(瘀伤)intheirhands.Histearsfell.Aftercleaninghisparents'hands,hequietlywashedalltherestofclothes.Thenextmorning,hewenttothemanager'soffice.Themanageraskedhim,"Canyoutellmewhatyoudidandlearnedyesterdayinyourhouse?"Hetoldthemanagerallhedidwithtearsinhiseyesandadded,"NowIknowwhatappreciation(感激)is.Withoutmyparents,IwouldnotbewhoIamtoday...Byhelpingmyparents,Irealizehowmuchthey'vedoneforme.AndIalsorealizetheimportanceandvalueofhelpingone'sfamily."Themanagersmiledandsaid,"ThisiswhatI'mlookingfor."1.Whydidtheyoungmanmeetthemanager?A.Becausethemanagerwashisfriend. B.Becausethemanagerneededhishelp.C.Becausehewantedtofindajob. D.Becausehewantedtoaskforinformation.2.Whatdidtheyoungman'sparentsdo?A.Streetcleaners. B.Clothescleaners. C.Factoryworkers. D.Farmworkers.3.Whatdidthemanagerasktheyoungmantodoaftergoinghome?A.Towashtheclothes. B.Totalkwithhisparents.C.Tocleanthehouse. D.Tocleanhisparents'hands.4.Whatcanweinfer(推断)fromthelastparagraph?A.Theyoungmangotthejob.B.Theyoungmanfailedtheinterview.C.Themanagerlaughedattheyoungman.D.Themanagerwasangrywiththeyoungman.5.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.Weshouldfacedifficultiesbravely. B.Weshouldlearntobethankful.C.Excellentgradesarethemostimportant. D.It'shardtogetajobinabigpany.二、ABiteofChinahasbeeahottopicofdiscussionontheInternetinChinasinceitappearedonChinaCentralTelevision.ThisTVprogramisadocumentaryabouttraditionalChinesefood.TheprogramhasmorethanonehundredmillionChineseaudiences(观众).Mostofthemseenotonlythemonfoodbutalsothechangesinourlivestoday.AndtheaudiencesalsohavechancestoseehowhardthecooksandfarmershavetoworktomakesuchwonderfulChinesefood.ItshowsthetasteofChinesethroughdifferentways.Itisclosetothenature,nearourlife,includingcustoms(风俗),weather,geography,historyandourspirits.ThedirectorofABiteofChinaisChenXiaoqing.Hestartedtakingdocumentariesin1991."Thememoryoftasteisthedeepest.ManypeopleinChinahavesuccessintheirlivesbuttheyhavetobefarawayfromtheirhomes.Buttheystillhaveastomachoftheirhometowns.Thisiswhymanypeopleenjoytheprogram,"Chensaid."Wewanttoshowarealoriginalecology(原生态)China.ABiteofChinatalksaboutfood,butittalksmorethanfood."ABiteofChinatellsusfromthestartofculturetothehighlevelofthespirit,theinfluence(影响)oftheplacesandthechangesofChina.Foodisthemostimportantpartofthedevelopment(发展)ofChinesecivilization(文明).6.ABiteofChinais________.A.amovie B.adocumentary C.asportsshow7.ManypeoplelikeABiteofChina________.A.becauseitbringsthememoryoftastefromtheirhometownsB.becauseitintroducesdifferentkindsofweatheraroundChinaC.becauseyoucanknoweverytravelplacealloverChina8.Fromtheprogram,wecanknowthat________.A.about100,000ChineseaudiencesareinterestedinthisprogramB.thesewonderfulChinesefoodsarenoteasytoproduceC.thedirectoroftheprogramisChenQing9.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"ittalksmorethanfood"mean?A.CCTVcanmakemoremoneythroughtheprogram.B.WecanknowChineseculturethroughfood.C.Whatpeoplethinkoftheprogramismoreimportant.10.Wherecanweprobablyfindthepassage?A.Inanotice. B.Inaschoolplay. C.Inanewspaper.三、Asteenagers,youhavemanydreams.Thesedreamscanbeverybig,suchaswinningtheNobelPrize,ortheycanbesmall.Youmayjustwanttobeeoneofthetenbeststudentsinyourclass.Onceyoufindadream，whatdoyoudowithit?Doyouevertrytomakeyourdreamreal?"FollowYourHeart"byAustralianwriterAndrewstellsusthatmakingourdreamsrealislife'sbiggestchallenge.Youmaythinkyou'renotverygoodatsomeschoolsubjects，oritisimpossibleforyoutobeeawriter.Thesekindsofthoughtsstopyoufromgettingyourdream，thebooksays.Infact，everyonecanmakehisdreametrue.Thefirstthingyoumustdoistorememberwhatyourdreamis.Don'tletitleaveyourheart.Keeptellingyourselfwhatyouwant.Dothisstepbystepandyourdreamwilletruefasterbecauseabigdreamis，infact，manysmalldreams.Youmustalsonevergiveupyourdream.Therewillbedifficultiesontheroadtoyourdreams.Butthebiggestdifficultyesfromyourself.Youneedtodecidewhatisthemostimportant.StudyinginsteadofwatchingTVwillleadtobetterexamresults，whilesavingfiveyuaninsteadofbuyinganicecreammeansyoucanbuyanewbook.Asyougetclosertoyourdream，itmaychangealittle.Thisisgoodasyouhavethechancetolearnmoreskillsandfindnewinterests.11."FollowYourHeart"is_______.A.thefirstthingyoumustdotomakeyourdreamrealB.themostimportantdreamtohaveforteenagersC.thenameofafamousAustralianwriterD.thenameofabookbyAndrewMatthews12.Ifyouwanttomakeyourdreamreal，youshould_______.A.rememberwhatyourdreamisfirstB.keeptellingyourselfwhatyouwantC.neverbeafraidofthegigdifficultiesD.trytostartwithallthethingsabove13.Fromthetext，weknowtheword"challenge"means_______.A.变化 B.挑战 C.决定 D.态度14.Whatshouldn'tbedonetomakeyourdreametrue？A.Alwaysrememberwhatyourdreamsis.B.Dowhatyoushouldgostepbystep.C.WatchTVsothatyoucangetbetterexamresults.D.Readmorebooks，learnmoreskillsandfindnewinterests.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A.Keepyourdreaminyourmind.B.Howtofindyourrealdream.C.Neverstopdreamingofsuccess.D.Teenagershavemanydreams.四、Mostofusoftenhearoftheword"lowcarbon(低碳的)".Butdoyouknowthe"lowcarbonmunity"?Whatisthemunitylike?Whatbenefits(好处)willitbringtoourenvironment?Let'shavealookattheHanbeiRoadmunityofYa'an,SichuanProvince.Walkingintothemunity,themosteyecatchingitemsareidlebins(闲置箱)around.Manypeopleinthemunitywouldgivetheiridlethingsintothebins.XuJuan,amotheroftwochildren,onceputapairofglovesthere."Ithinkit'sgoodtohelpothers,"shesaid.Inordertoencouragemorepeopletojoininthelowcarbonactivity,themunitydesignedarewardprogramme.Anyonecangetsomepointsifhe/shegivesidlethingsortakespartinvolunteeractivities.Withenoughpoints,peoplecanexchangethingsinthe"lowcarbonsupermarket"inthemunity.Thereisalsoan"exchangecorner"inthemunity.Peoplecanexchangetheiridlethingswithothers.Ifhe/sheisnotinterestedinanyidlethingsinthecorner,he/shecangivehis/herthingstopoorfamiliesinthemunity."Wearetryingtomakethebestuseofidlethingsbyfreeexchangeandgiving.Wehopeallthepeopleinourmunitycanlivealowcarbonlife,"saidWangLu,aleaderoftheHanbeiRoadmunity.16.Whatisa"lowcarbonmunity"like?A.Amunitywithfewpoorfamilies.B.Amunitywithfreethingseverywhere.C.Amunitywithmanyidlebinsaround.D.Amunitywithmanysupermarkets.17._____can'tbeputintheidlebins.A.Anewcap B.Anoldsweater C.Anicetoy D.Abrokencup18._____cangetpointsfromtherewardprogramme.A.PeoplegivingidlethingsB.Peopleexchangingthingsinthe"lowcarbonsupermarket"C.AnyoneinthemunityD.Someonetakingpartinoutdooractivities19.IfyouliveintheHanbeiRoadmunityofYa'an,youcandothefollowingthingsexcept(除……之外)_____.A.givingyouroldclothesintotheidlebinsB.takingpartinvolunteeractivitiesC.exchangingoldbookswithneighboursinthe"exchangecorner"D.sellingoldfurnituretopoorfamiliesinthemunity20.Whatbenefitswilla"lowcarbonmunity"bringtoourenvironment?A.TheleaderoftheHanbeiRoadmunitycangetmoreidlethings.B.Peoplecanmakethebestuseofidlethingsbyfreeexchangeandgiving.C.Therewillbemoreandmorecleanwaterandfreshair.D.Thepoorfamiliesinthemunitywillbeericherandricher.五、Plunk!Idroppedanotherpecan(山核桃)intomybasket.Thenagentleautumnwindblewsomemoreoffthetree.Irantopickthemup.Whew!Pecanpickingwashard.Mybasketwasonlyhalffull.Iwasvisitingmygrandpa'sfarminKansas,andGrandpasentmeintothewoodstopickuppecansforustoenjoylater.Iwasn'tabouttolethimdown.Thensomethingcaughtmyeye:asquirrelpickedupapecan,climbedupatreeanddisappearedintoalargehole.Amomentlater,thesquirrelclimbeddowntothegroundtopickanotherpecan.Onceagain,hetookthepecanbacktohissecrethidingplaceinsidethehollow(洞)ofthetree.Notsosecretanymore,Ithought.Iranovertothetreeandfoundthehollowwasfilledwithsweetpecans.Theywererightthereforthetaking.Thiswasmychance.Handfulbyhandful,Itookallthepecansfromthehollow.Nowthebasketwasfull!Iwassoproudofmyself.Icouldn'twaittoshowGrandpaallofthepecansI'dcollected."Look,Grandpa,"Ishouted,"lookatallofthepecansIfound!"Grandpatookalookatmybasket."Well,well,howdidyoufindsomany,Jimmy?"ItoldhimhowI'dfollowedthesquirrelandtakenthepecansfromhishidingplace.Grandpacongratulatedmeonfindingoutsomethingaboutthesquirrel'shabits.Thenhedidsomethingthatsurprisedme.Hehandedthebasketbacktomeandputhisarmgentlyaroundmyshoulders."Thatsquirrelworkedveryhardtocollecthiswinterfood,"hesaid."Nowthatallofhispecansaregone,don'tyouthinkthatlittlesquirrelwillbeveryhungrywhenitgetscold?""Ididn'tthinkaboutthat,"Isaid."Iknow,"Grandpasaid."Butagoodmanshouldnevertakeadvantageofsomeoneelse'shardwork,eventhesquirrel's."SuddenlyIfeltashollowasthatoldtree.Theimage(形象)ofthathungrysquirrelwouldn'tleavemymind.TherewasonlyonethingIcoulddo.…根据材料内容选择最佳答案。21.Whydidthewritergotothewoodsatthebeginningofthestory?A.Topickuppecans. B.TocatchlittleanimalsC.Tofeedthesquirrels. D.Tolookforhisgrandpa.22.Thewriterwasproudofhimselfbecause________.A.hewaspraisedbyhisgrandpaB.hefoundouthisgrandpa'ssecretC.hehelpedthesquirrelinthehollowD.hefilledhisbasketwithsomanypecans23.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGrandpa?A.Kindandwise. B.Caringandhumorous.C.Shyandfriendly. D.Patientandhardworking.24.Whatisthepossibleendingtothestory?A.Thewritersentthepecanstohisneighbors.B.Thewriterputallthepecansbackintothehole.C.Thewriterhidthepecansinhisgrandpa'shouse.D.Thewriterenjoyedallthepecanswithhisfamily.25.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Anunusualtree B.Thestolenpecans C.Asmartsquirrel D.Themagicbasket六、OneGermanschoolhaseupwithacheapandsimpleDIYsystemtohelpwiththeairmovingproblemintheroomduringCOVID19.Itwasinventedbyateacher'sscientisthusband,FrankHelleis.Intheschool,aboveeverydesk,thereisaclearplasticfunnelattachedtoanarrowpipe(连接着窄小管道的塑料漏斗).Allthepipesareinturnconnectedtoonewidepipeleadingtoafan(风扇)thatdirectstheairoutsidethroughawindow.Warmairbreathedoutbythestudentsrisesupoverheadandissucked(吸)upandpushedoutsidebeforeitcanspreadthroughtheroom.Anotherwindowiskepthalfopentoallowinfreshair.Thesystemmanagestotakeoutover90%ofaerosols(气溶胶)fromtheroom.ItcanbebuiltwithmaterialsfromaDIYstoreforaround$235.Somepeopleweresuccessfullyputtingallthematerialstogetherinhalfaday.Andithasbeensharedonlineforanyonewhowantstousetheidea.HelleishadtheideaafterdiscussingwithhisteamonhowtheycouldhelpduringCOVID19."Wefoundthebestthingtodowastotakeouttheaerosols,"hesaid.Helleissaysairpurifiers(净化器)canbeusefulbutaremoreexpensiveandnoisierthanhisinvention.Andunlikehisinvention,expensivepurifiersdon'tdealwithCO2,whichmightcausetiredness.Thisgivesschoolsareasontokeephishomemadesystem.TheschoolplanstospendthenextfewweekendsinstallingHelleis'systeminalltheclassrooms.26.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whatthesystemlookslikeandhowitworks.B.OneclassroomoftheGermanschool.C.Whytheschoolusesthesystem.D.Theimportanceofthesystem.27.Accordingtothepassage,thesystemcancutdown________intheroom.A.narrowpipes B.fans C.openwindows D.aerosols28.Helleisinventedthesystembecause________.A.therearefewwindowsinhiswife'sroomB.airpurifiersaretoonoisyforstudentsC.hewantedtodosomethingtohelpduringCOVID19D.hewasexperiencedindealingwithairpollution29.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraphmeaninChinese?A.研究 B.安装 C.制造 D.清除30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.TheGermangovernmenthashelpedimprovethesystem.B.Thesystemismuchcheaperandquieterthanairpurifiers.C.ThesystemismorepopularthanairpurifiersinGermany.D.Thesystemcanworkwellwhentheclassroomwindowsareclosed.

答案以及解析一、1.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Ayoungmanwithexcellentgradeswantedtogetajobinabigpany.Hemetthemanagerfortheinterview."可知，他见经理是为了找工作。故选C。2.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据短文中的"Theyworkasclothescleaners."可知，这位年轻人的父母是洗衣工。故选B。3.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据短文中的"Nowgohomeandcleanyourparents'hands,thenseemetomorrowmorning,"可知，经理让他回家后给他的父母洗手。故选D。4.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据短文倒数一、二段可知，第二天年轻人见到经理向他汇报了给父母洗手的感想，体会到了父母的艰辛，表达了对父母的感激之情。经理觉得这就是他想找的人。由此可推断，年轻人得到了这份工作。故选A。5.答案：B解析：主旨大意题。通过阅读本文可知，因为这位年轻人心存感恩，所以才得到了这份工作。所以文章主要告诫我们要学会感恩。故选B。二、6.答案：B解析：细节理解题。依据"ThisTVprogramisadocumentaryabouttraditionalChinesefood."可知，《舌尖上的中国》是一部关于中国传统食品的纪录片。所以答案为B。7.答案：A解析：细节理解题。依据"Thememoryoftasteisthedeepest.ManypeopleinChinahavesuccessintheirlivesbuttheyhavetobefarawayfromtheirhomes.Buttheystillhaveastomachoftheirhometowns.Thisiswhymanypeopleenjoytheprogram."可知，味道的记忆是最深的。在中国，许多人在生活中取得了成功，但他们不得不远离家乡。但他们对自己的家乡还是有好感的。这就是为什么很多人喜欢这个节目。所以答案为A。8.答案：B解析：推理判断题。依据"AndtheaudiencesalsohavechancestoseehowhardthecooksandfarmershavetoworktomakesuchwonderfulChinesefood."可知，观众也有机会看到厨师和农民是如何努力工作来制作如此美味的中国食物。需要努力工作制作这些食物，所以这些美味的中国食物并不容易制作。所以答案为B。9.答案：B解析：词句猜测题。依据"ABiteofChinatalksaboutfood，butittalksmorethanfood."和"ABiteofChinatellsusfromthestartofculturetothehighlevelofthespirit"可知，《舌尖上的中国》讲述的不仅是食物，还告诉我们从文化的起点到精神的高度，所以我们可以通过食物了解中国文化。所以答案为B。10.答案：C解析：推理判断题。本文主要介绍《舌尖上的中国》这部纪录片，所以推测可能在报纸上看到这篇文章，所以答案为C。三、11.答案：D解析：细节题。根据第二段：""FollowYourHeart"byAustralianwriter…"中的writer可知，"FollowYourHeart"是澳大利亚的作者写的，故"FollowYourHeart"是一本书的名字，故选D。12.答案：D解析：细节题。根据第四段："Thefirstthingyoumustdoistorememberwhatyourdreamis."可知你必须做的第一件事就是记住你的梦想是什么。故选D。