专题四 任务型阅读-2020版江苏省高考英语大二轮复习语法基础

考情分析命题规律命题预测高考任务型阅读主要考查考生在限定的时间内获取信息、加工处理信息、综合概括信息和表达信息的能力。相对于阅读理解，它更注重对考生在语言输入的基础上加强语言输出能力的考查，要求对摄取信息进行分析、概括、整理、理解并根据需要进行综合运用，属于综合能力考查题。考题形式主要以表格形和树状形为主，文章体裁主要以议论文和说明文为主，阅读量大。统计数据表明：在近三年的江苏高考任务型阅读中，原词再现题与词义转换归纳题所占的比例较大。1.文章一般在400－470词之间。2．选材以议论文、说明文为主。3．任务型阅读侧重考查语篇分析和文章脉络的剖析，即考查文章的结构和框架。考生要在分析了解文章篇章结构的基础上，认真对照图表上所要完成的任务，逐一对照原文进行信息的筛选。4．任务型阅读要求考生不但要掌握具体事实情节，又要理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等，掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想；既要理解文章的含义及逻辑关系，又要根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理，运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题。5．大部分题目选择需从全文出发，根据前后语境或行文逻辑才能作出判断，体现了“突出语篇”的命题风格。2020年高考任务型阅读将继续坚持在词汇转换、句式转换、段落归纳能力的考查的基础上，加强对考生文章大意、文章结构、提纲和框架的考查。同时会加大对题目信息的寻找难度，考查考生能力的考点会相对增加。[学生用书P88]一、常用阅读方法1．扫读扫读图表，分析表格结构和内容，理清其显示的层次关系，明确任务要求。要特别注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。一般题目的结构是：(1)全文的标题：在标题中缺少一个关键词，根据文章填出所缺的关键词。(2)各段大意：试题中给出各段大意，在给出的信息中缺少一些关键内容，学生把文章的各段对应起来，找准信息。(3)对各段大意的详细的阐述：从文章各段或分散在全文的对应的信息点出发，这要求学生有高度驾驭语篇的能力，在文章中找到准确的信息完成填空。2．略读快速浏览全文，尤其是每段的第一句话，即主题句和首尾段落，理清文章的写作思路和基本框架结构，以便加深对文章内容的了解。同时文章的结构往往也是很重要的设题线索。表格项目可能就是根据文章的结构而设计的。3．细读精读与空格中要填的信息有关的文段，寻找确定答案的关键词语，或从文中进行概括，同时仔细斟酌用词，确保填的是最恰当词的最恰当形式。如填写时要注意所填单词的结构和形式，看是否与表格中所给的格式相同，同时注意单词的拼写、短语的搭配、所填词汇的词性、所填单词是否符合题目要求，还要注意字母的大小写。4．复读填写表格后要通读所填内容，通观全篇，核对文章和任务，确保准确性。二、常用突破方法1．阅读文章前观察图表(表格的结构和填空句的结构)认真阅读表格及其中的内容，注意其横向、纵向的类别规律和表达方式。(1)是否有标题/是否需要填标题(利用所给标题了解文章大意)。(2)浏览表格，大致了解文章结构(利用已给信息了解文章主线)。(3)是否需要统一的形式(短语类还是句子类)。2．阅读文章后进行填词(1)通览全文，利用表格中的信息提示，准确地在文中找到答案的信息来源。(2)选词要尽可能完整，准确地表达出文中信息(先确定词意，再确定词性，最后确定所选词的适当的词形变化)。①动词要注意时态、语态和非谓语形式的变化。②名词要注意数和格的变化。③形容词、副词要注意各自不同的修饰功能和比较级、最高级。④连词要注意行文的逻辑关系。⑤注意字母的大小写。3．填词后通读表格(1)再次确保答案与表格内容的一致性。(2)注意语意是否流畅，确保语意和语法两方面都正确。[典例]请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Haveyoueverwonderedwhytherearesomanyskincolorsintheworld?Doyouknowwhypeoplelivinginparticularareasusuallyhaveacertaincolor?Biologyandhistoryarethetworeasonsforthis.Skincontainssomethingcalledmelanin，whichdeterminesaperson’sskincolor.Themoremelaninapersonhas，thedarkerhisorherskinwillbe.Theamountofandtheproductionofmelaninarecontrolledbygenetics，butcanbeaffectedbyotherthings，suchassunlight.Ifapersonlivesinaplacewithlesssunlight，aperson’sbodywillproducelessmelanin，makingtheskinlighter.Skincolorisalsoaffectedbyanothersource—vitamin D．HumansallneedvitaminDtobuildbones.Peoplecangetitbyeatingfoodssuchasfishandmilk，orfromsunlight，sosunlightabsorbedbymelanincannotbeusedforvitaminDproduction.Therefore，adark­skinnedpersonwillproducelessvitaminDthanalight­skinnedpersonwhentheyreceivethesameamountofsunlight.TheconnectionbetweenvitaminDproductionandskincolorisclearwhenwelookatevolution.TheearliesthumanslivedinAfrica，andtheyproducedlessvitaminDbecauseoftheirdarkskin.Asaresult，theirskinmadelessmelanin，sotheycouldgetenoughsunlighttoproducevitamin D．Theirskingraduallygotlighter.Now，peoplelivinginareaswithstrongsunlightlikeAfrica，havedarkerskin，whilepeoplelivinginotherareashavelighterskin.TheexceptiontothisistheInuit，wholiveinaplacewithlittlesunlight，buthavedarkskinbecausetheyeatalotoffishandhaveenoughvitamin D．Evolutionhasgivenusarainbowofskincolors.Humanshavealwayshadmelanintodetermineourskincolor.Whathaschangedthroughhistoryistheenvironmentwherewehavelived.Thishasinturnchangedourmelaninproduction，andeventually，skincolor.AWorldofSkinColorBrief1．__________________Peoplelivinginaparticular2.____________usuallyhavethesameskincolorandtherearemanydifferentskincolorsintheworld.ReasonsforskincolorsThereasonsfordifferentskincolorsmainly3.____________inbiologyandhistory.Biologyreasons•Theamountofmelanin，bywhichaperson’sskincoloris4.____________，variesfrompeopletopeople.Themoremelaninapersonhas，the5.____________hisorherskinwillbe.•VitaminDisanothersource6.____________skincolor.VitaminDisnecessaryforhumanstobuildbones.SunlightcontributestovitaminDintheskin.Historicalreasons•TheearliestpeopleinAfricahaddarkskin.•Whentheymovedtoplaceswheretheycouldnotgetenoughsunlightto7.____________vitaminD，theirskincolorbecamelighter.•Generallyspeaking，peopleinareaswithstrongsunlight，havedarkerskin8.____________peopleinotherareashavelighterskin.9.__________________Melanin10.____________animportantroleinourskincolor.Withourlivingenvironmentchanging，melaninproductionischanged，whichleadstothechangesinourskincolor.eq\a\vs4\al([解题思路])1．审题(1)审题目要求①是否可用文中的词填写。②弄清字数限制。此任务阅读限定每个空格只填一个词；对是否用文中的词填写没有限制，即可用文中的词。(2)审任务设置类型①表格式。(结构常为对比陈述；通常分左右栏，左栏为文章提纲，右栏为文章细节。)此短文设置为表格任务型。左栏为文章提纲：briefintroduction，reasonsforskincolors，biologyreasons,historicalreasons，conclusion；右栏为支撑每一topic的细节。②树状式。(结构常为先总后分；通常分上下框，上框为topicsentences，下框为supportingsentences。)2．阅读(1)读图表(快速浏览，了解短文的写作提纲。)浏览图表，了解：topicsentence1→details；topicsentence2→details...(2)读短文①快读：快速浏览全文，抓住文章主题，同时结合图表，洞悉文章结构。Paragraph1→Topicsentence1...②细读：仔细阅读，获取充分信息，查出答题的对应信息点。第一空Paragraph1归纳结构类词；第二空对应信息点为whypeopleliving_in_particular_areasusuallyhave...。第三空对应信息点为Biologyandhistoryarethetworeasonsforthis.要求学会同义转换。第四空对应信息点为which_determines_aperson’sskincolor。第五空对应信息点为．..thedarkerhisorherskinwillbe.。第六空对应信息点为Skincolorisalsoaffected_byanothersource—vitamin D．。第七空对应信息点为．..adark­skinnedpersonwillproduceless...。第八空对应信息点为．..havedarkerskin，whilepeople...。第九空对应信息点为Paragraph5归纳结构类词。第十空对应信息点为．..hadmelanintodetermineourskincolor.。3．答题(1)结构类的词：①熟记常见结构类词汇。归纳掌握常见的表达文章结构的概括性词汇：introduction(导入)，cause/reason(原因)，advantage(优点)，disadvantage(不足)，attitude(态度)，result/effect/consequence(结果)，suggestion/advice/tip(建议)，dos和don’ts等。②确定答案。a．联系图表左栏的上下栏，确定用词及词的形式。(大小写、单复数、动词＋­ing等)b．联系图表左栏与之相对应的右栏的细节，归纳结构类用词和词的形式。(大小写、单复数、动词＋­ing等)(2)细节类的词：①明确信息点。细读文章，明确答题的相应信息点在文中的具体位置，确定用词后归纳用词。②联系上下前后。a．对照短文中的信息点，联系图表右栏的上下栏目，确定用词。(文中原词或归纳的词的形式——大小写、单复数、动词＋­ing等)b．对照短文中的信息点，联系所填词的前后，确定用词(文中原词或归纳的词)的形式。③敲定答案。根据短文信息点，联系填空上下前后，敲定答案。第一空introduction；第九空conclusion，联系图表上下前后开头字母大写、单数。第二空信息点为areas，联系前后搭配a...故用area。第三空同义转换are→liein。第四空信息点为．..whichdetermines...，联系前后搭配．..coloris...转换为determined。第五空信息点为．..thedarkerhisorher...，故用darker。第六空信息点为．..isalsoaffectedby...，联系前后句子结构故用affecting作后置定语。第七空信息点为．..willproducelessvitamin...联系前后to...，故用原形produce。第八空信息点为．..skin，whilepeoplelivinginother...，故用while。第十空信息点为．..hadmelanintodetermineour...联系前后搭配故用plays。4．检查检查单词的拼写、大小写、单复数、时态、语态等。[答案]1.introduction2.area3.lie4.determined5．duce8.while9．Conclusion10.plays三、常用训练方法1．信息查找题解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息。常用方法是带着问题有意识地在细节处和关键处做标记。如：(1)5Wand1H：who，what，when，where，why，how(2)时间先后：first，then，afterthat，next，finally(3)因果：because，thus，leadto，cause，asaresultof(4)比较：similarly，differently，likeness，unlike，alike，common，justas，either...or(5)转折：but，while，however，instead，onthecontrary2．信息转换题解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。常见的转换方式有：(1)词性转换。即练习将一种词类转换成另一种词类，主要包括动词与名词转换、形容词与副词转换、形容词与名词转换等。解题方法很简单，只要在文中找到关键词即可。以2014年高考安徽卷为例：①原文：Manyyoungpeoplelistentoclassicalmusicwithoutrealising.转换成表格中：Manyyoungpeopledon’t78.____________somemusictheylistentoisclassical.分析：抓住关键词realising，将它转换为动词。答案为realise(realize)/know/recognise(recognize)。②原文：Also，somepeoplepointoutthatyoungpeopleproducenewmusicbasedonclassicalideas：转换成表格中：Classicalideasprovidea79.____________forproducingnewmusic.分析：抓住关键词based，将它转换为名词。答案为basis。③原文：...itissaidthatrap(说唱)musicwasinventedbyaclassicalmusicianin1912，butitisnowusedbyyoungpeopleinpopmusic.转换成表格中：Youngpeoplenow80.____________rapinpopularmusic.分析：抓住关键词used，将其被动形式转换为主动形式。答案为use。④原文：Nowadays，youdon’tneedtogetachingarmsfrompractising.Ateenagercanwriteandmakemusicusingacomputerprograminthecomfortoftheirownbedroom.转换成表格中：Ayoungmancanwriteandmakemusiconacomputer82.____________inhisbedroom.分析：抓住关键词comfort，将其名词形式转换为副词。答案为comfortably。⑤原文：...butwhenitcomestoenjoyingclassicalmusic，itdependsonthepieceofmusic.转换成表格中：Classicalmusicmaystillbe85.____________byyoungpeopletoday.分析：抓住关键词enjoying，将其转换为enjoyed。答案为enjoyed。(2)句子结构转换。做此类题首先要理解题意，其次仔细比较原句和题目，明白出题人的意图，只要找出题眼就不难得出答案。以2014年高考安徽卷为例：①原文：...ifyoulookattheaudienceataclassicalconcert，themajorityisovertheageoffifty.转换成表格中：77.____________oftheaudienceataclassicalconcertareoverfifty.分析：句中themajority＝mostoftheaudience。答案为Most。②原文：Afinalpointtobearinmindisthattheterm“classicalmusic”isusedtorefertoagreatvarietyofmusic，fromjazztopiecesforlargeorchestras(管弦乐队)．转换成表格中：“Classicalmusic”canrefertovarious83.____________ofmusic.分析：根据原文句意可知：古典音乐可以被用来指各种各样的音乐。句中agreatvarietyof＝variouskinds/types/sortsof。答案为kinds/types/sorts。③原文：Afinalpointtobearinmindisthattheterm“classicalmusic”isusedtorefertoagreatvarietyofmusic，fromjazztopiecesforlargeorchestras(管弦乐队)．转换成表格中：Classicalmusic84.____________fromjazztopiecesforlargeorchestras.分析：根据原文句意可知：古典音乐的范围包含爵士乐到大的管弦乐队。答案为ranges(范围从……到……变化)。(3)同义词和反义词转换。即练习将一词的反义词找出来。做此类题的技巧如下：①以前缀和后缀来表示，例如happy—unhappy，like—dislike等。例如：原句：Shethoughtherhusbandwasfaithfultoher.Butthediscoveryshockedher.转换为：Thediscoverythatherhusbandwas____________toherwasashockingtoher.分析：由原句中的后半句可知Herhusbandwasnotfaithfultoher。因此需要找出一个词和notfaithful意义相同的词。答案：unfaithful。②有很多词并没有前缀和后缀形式标志，如old—young，long—short，different—same等。例如：原句：HeseldomvisitedhisfriendTomafterthequarrellasttime.转换为：Butforthequarrellasttime，hewouldbea____________visitortohisfriendTom.分析：仔细分析原句，可知本题关键是找出seldom的反义词，而且能修饰visitor。答案：frequent。③以词组形式出现，如：begoodat—beweakin，getinto—getoutof，turnon—turnoff，turndown—turnup，beawake—beasleep，catchupwith—fallbehind，both...and...—neither...nor...等。例如：原句：Everythinginthehousewasneatandtidy.Butthenaughtyboychangeditthoroughly.转换为：Thenaughtyboylefteverythinginthehouseina____________．分析：本题关键是找出一个和in搭配的固定短语作为neatandtidy的反义短语。答案：mess。3．信息归纳题(1)解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息，找出共性的东西。(2)归纳词的特征：①概括性(在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息)②针对性(量体裁衣，大小适度)③准确性(简洁)(3)一般来说，左边一栏基本都是概括题型，有定义、标题概括，建议、方法概括，结论概括。①定义、标题概括，此类题一般在图表的第一空，可以在文章第一段找出信息，都是对本文title的一个定义解释。如a.ThedefinitionofadvertisingAdvertisingisthebusinessofdrawingpublicattentiontogoodsandservices，andperformedthroughvariousmedia.b.TopicLearningtounderstandc.IntroductionDestructiveforcesofnaturerefertonaturaldisastersliketsunamisandearthquakes.②建议、方法概括。_Suggestions/Advice/Tips•Nodinagreementandmakesomesoundsofunderstandingwhileadifficultpersonisspeaking.•Repeatsomewordsthatyouhaveheard.•Collectinformationabouttheperson’sexpressionsandfindhisintention.•Giveasummaryofwhatthepersonhassaid.•Confirmthatthepersongainssatisfactionfromspeakinghisthoughts.③结论概括。把握文章的中心思想，抓住作者的写作意图，最终得出一个结论。a.ConclusionSunshinehasbothpositiveandnegativeeffectonhealthanditdeterminesthemoodofpeople.Balanceisneededinenjoyingsunshine.b.ConclusionChildrenshouldbetaughtwhatlifeisandhowtodealwithit.c.CommentYoumayunlockthedoorstodifficultpeople’smindsafteryoulistenandunderstand.d.SummaryTheseterribledisasterscouldn’tbeavoided.e.Consequences•Whentheseterribledisastersoccurinsomepartsoftheworld，theydestroypropertiesandlives.•Peopleinthesepartsgothroughthesufferingthatonlyexistsinourimagination.•Somepeopleouttherehavetostaywheretheyare.Theycan’taffordtomoveaway，asjobsinotherplacesmightnotbeavailable.四、常用词汇及词组转换[归纳类常用词汇]原因与结果：reason(for)，cause(of)；result，effect，consequence异同点与优缺点：difference，similarity；advantage/benefit，disadvantage功能：function观点与态度：opinion，view(on/about)，viewpoint，idea；attitudeto/towards评论、评价：comment(on)，remark(on/upon)，assessment表方式、方法：way(todosth./ofdoingsth.)，means，method(of)；solution，approach(todoingsth.)；takemeasurestodosth.目的：purpose，aim，goal积极与消极：positive；negative建议：advice，suggestion，tip概括、总结：summary，conclusion特点：feature，characteristic种类：kind，type，category，class精神上与身体上：mentally；physically影响：influence，impact，effect(on)情形、状况：situation，condition建立：build，create，establish，found出现：appear，occur(­red)实现、完成：reach，realize，accomplish必要与必需：necessity；must方面与项目、条款：aspect；item材料：materials知识与消息：knowledge；information计划与日程：schedule；agenda百分比：percentage性别：sex年龄：age满意：satisfaction忧虑、担忧、焦急：concern(不)熟悉：familiar/unfamiliar个人，个人的：individual细节：description，detail文化：culture责任：(take)responsibility贡献：(make)contributionsto重要：value，importance，significance比较：contrast，comparison时期：period，time存在：existence，exist花费：cost，expense人口：population天气与气候：weather；climate位置：location主题：theme，topic背景：setting，background情节：plot高潮：climax结尾：ending，consequence反对者与支持者：opponent，supporter[转换类常用词汇]1．100years＝1century＝10decades2．takeadvantageof＝makeuseof3．parentalattention＝withthehelp/aid/assistanceofparents4．opposethemove＝beagainstthemove＝objecttothemove＝disagreewiththemove5．consider...＝oconsideration/account6．atthebeginning＝atfirst7．beresponsiblefor＝take/shoulder/bearresponsibilityfor8．sincethebeginningofhumanevolution＝throughouthumanhistory9．insearchofbetterjobopportunities＝seeking/searching/lookingforbetterjobopportunities10．housing­relatedreasons＝reasonsrelated/linked/relevantto/connectedwithhousing11．takeanactivepartin＝takepartinsth.actively12．encourageparticipationinquietactivities＝encouragesb.toparticipatein/takepartin/playaroleinquietactivities13．behookedonheadphones＝beaddictedtoheadphones14．valuableinformation＝informationofgreatvalue15．understandclearly＝haveaclearunderstandingofsth.16．affect＝haveaneffect/influence/impactonsth.17．matter＝count＝beveryimportant＝beofimportance＝makesense＝makeadifference18．killsb.＝claimone’slife19．makeanapology＝apologizetosb.20．beover＝end＝put...toanend21．despite＝inspiteof22．sharelessthan2%＝accountforlessthan2%＝makeuplessthan2%23．online＝ontheInternet24．learngoodcitizenship＝learntobegoodcitizens25．listthethingsthatyouaregoodat＝listwhat/allyouaregoodat26．explainsth.＝makeanexplanation27．offersth.tosb.＝provide/supplysth.forsb.28．besides＝ontopof＝inadditionto＝apartfrom29．bebetterthan＝besuperiorto30．approveof＝subscribeto＝beinfavor/supportof＝favor31．haveaccessto＝beacceptable/accessible/availableto32．stop＝quit＝giveup33．compensatefor＝makeupfor34．inpart＝partly35．everyyear＝yearly＝annually36．useup＝runoutof(主动)37．runout＝giveout＝beusedup(被动)38．beaccusedof＝bechargedwith39．mostofthepeople＝themajorityofthepeople40．caterto/forone’sneeds/demands/requirements＝satisfy/meetone’s...41．starvetodeath＝dieofhunger/starvation42．betiredout＝bewornout＝beexhausted43．sociallyresponsible＝socialresponsibility44．sth.benefitssb.＝bebeneficialtosb.＝beofbenefittosb.＝sb.benefitsfromsth.45．commitoneselftodoingsth.＝promisetodosth.46．makefulluseof＝makethemost/bestof[即学即练1]根据所给句子的意思填上适当的词。每个空格只填一个单词。1．Thatwillincreasethepossibilityofyourgettingallthewaythroughthebook.→Popularbooksmightmakeit____________forintermediate­levelreaderstoreadthemfromcovertocover.答案：possible2．Anothergreatwaytokeepyourselfmotivatedovertheholidaysistofindafriendwhoisinterestedinreadingthesamebook.→Waystokeepupyour____________forreading.答案：motivation3．Usecoloredpensfordifferenttopicstocatchtheeyeandmakethingsstandout.→Writeindifferent____________fordifferenttopics.答案：colors4．Takeanactivepartinthediscussion.→Speak____________ingroupdiscussion.答案：actively5．Theplayersdon’tlikethenewrule.→They____________thenewruleandwishittobechanged.答案：dislike/hate6．Itadvisedpeoplenottotakelargeamountofcashwhiletraveling，especiallyduringtheapproachingSpringFestivalseason，whichalwayswitnessesalargenumberofcrimes.→Theftandrobberyaccountedfor80%；womenandelderlypeopleweremostlytargetedfor；peoplewereadvisedto____________takingalargeamountofcash.答案：avoid7．Greetingotherpeopleisthefirstandmostimportantsocialeventinourlives.→Greeting____________isourfirstandmostimportantsocialevent.答案：others8．Thethirdaspectconcernsthewordschosen.→The____________ofwordsusuallycontainstheword“good”．答案：choice9．Studentstakingpartintheprogramareresponsibleforrepresentingdifferentcountries.→Studentstakingpartintheprogramhave____________forrepresentingdifferentcountries.答案：responsibility10．FairviewElementarySchoolhaslongbeensufferingfromaneartotallackofparentalinvolvement.→Theirparentsdidn’tgetactively____________intheirchildren’sschoollife.答案：involved11．ChildrenmustbetrainedtounderstandthefreedomsguaranteedbytheConstitution(宪法)．→Childrenaretrainedtogetabetter____________ofthefreedom.答案：understanding12．Nowwesurroundchildrenwithnoisytoysandpersonallisteningdevicesthatcanpermanentlydamagetheirhearing.→Nowwesurroundchildrenwithnoisytoysandlisteningdeviceswhichcause____________damagetohearing.答案：permanent13．TheLeaguefortheHardofHearingurgesparentstoencourageparticipationinquietactivities.→Encouragechildrento____________inquietactivities.答案：participate14．TheirbeautifulcolorsandsoundalsobringmuchexcitementduringthismostimportanttraditionalChinesefestival.→Theirbeautifulcolorsandsoundalsomakepeople____________．答案：excited15．Theylightthefuse(导火线)nervously，runawayinahurry，...→Feelingnervousandrunningaway____________whenlightingthefuse.答案：hurriedly/quickly16．...covertheirearswiththeirhandsandwatchthecolorfuldisplaywithabigsmileontheirfaces.→Coveringtheearswithhandsand____________thecolorfuldisplayjoyfully.答案：watching17．Takingagapyearandgoingtouniversityoffervaluableexperienceinsimilarways...→____________betweentakingagapyearandgoingtouniversities.答案：Similarities18．Toachievesuccess，youneedtohaveaclearaimandstrongdetermination.→Ifyouaretosucceed，youshouldbe____________．答案：determined19．AsfarasIcanremember，myfriendsandIdidn’tfindoutweweredepresseduntilwewereinhighschool.→Weneverexperienced____________whenwewereinchildhood.答案：depression20．Thecropcircleshavebeenfoundinfieldsallovertheworld.→Cropcircles____________allovertheworld.答案：appeared/existed[即学即练2]根据所给句子的意思填上适当的词。每个空格只填一个单词。1．...discussplotlinesorvocabularyissueswitheachotherbySMSore­mail.→...____________viewsonplotlinesorvocabularytoachieveyourcommongoals.答案：exchange2．Apartfromyourclasstime，youorganizeyourowntimeandplaceforstudying.→Study____________andwhereveryouwanttoafterclass.答案：whenever3．Learnhowtoreadwithyoureyesratherthanyourthroat.→Read____________anddon’tmoveyourlips.答案：silently4．NBArefereesarenotlettingplayerscomplaintoolongortooloudlyaboutareferee’scall.→Theplayersarenot____________tocomplaintoomuchaboutareferee’scall.答案：allowed/permitted5．Kidsshouldpayattentiontoimprovingtheirskillsandplaytheirbest.→Kidsshouldpayattentionto____________uptheirskillsandplaytheirbest.答案：polishing/building6．Allplayersneedtolearnthatyoucontrolonethinginagame，andthat’syourownperformance.→Allplayerscancontrolnothing____________excepttheirperformance.答案：else7．Pleasegreetotherpeoplewheneveryoucanandwhereveryouare.→Pleasegreetotherswhenever____________andwhereveryouare.答案：possible8．Topicsdiscussedincludeeverythingfromthethreatofnuclearterrorismtopoverty.→Discussingtopics____________everythingfromthethreatofnuclearterrorismtopoverty.答案：including/covering9．Learninganythingyoucanthat’sbeyondyourownbordersreallywillhelpyousomuch.→Learningsomethingthathas____________todowithyouwillhelpyousomuch.答案：nothing/little10．Parentsplayamoreactiveroleintheirchildren’sschoollife.→Parentstakeamoreactive____________intheirchildren’sschoollife.答案：part11．Listbuildingplaysamajorroleindevelopinggoodrelationshipswithyoursite’scustomers.→Listbuildinghasagreat____________ondevelopinggoodrelationshipswithyourcustomers.答案：influence/effect/impact12．Whatcomesfirstistokeepanopenmind，becauseeveryone’sideasdeserveconsideration.→Keepanopenmindtoeveryone’s____________．答案：opinions/views/thoughts13．Youareencouragedtokeeprecordsofthesourcesusedbyeachperson，whichhelpsyoutracebacktotheoriginoftheproblemsthatmayhappenunexpectedly.→Keeprecordsofthesourcesjustin____________．答案：case14．Michelbecamehookedonheadphonesinhisearlyteens.→Aboylostmuchofhishearingduetobeing____________toheadphones.答案：addicted15．Weattendrockconcerts，weddings，partiesandsportseventsatwhichthemusicissoloudthatyoucanhardlyhearthepersonsittingnexttoyou.→...themusicatrockconcerts，weddings，partiesandsportseventswhich____________usfromhearingsomeonenearby.答案：prevents16．Peoplewhodon’tgetenoughvitaminAcan’tseewellinthedark.→____________vitaminAcausespeopleunabletoseewellatnight.答案：Lacking/Lackof17．FootprintsareoneofthefewpiecesofhardevidencesupportingtheideathatthereisYeti.→Footprintsareoneofthefewpiecesofhardevidencethatsupportthe____________ofYeti.答案：existence18．Themosteffectivepeopleneverchangecharacterfromonesituationtoanother.→Neverchangecharacterin____________situations.答案：different[即学即练3]根据所给句子的意思填上适当的词。每个空格只填一个单词。1．Don’tforgettheremayalsobesomeotherproblems.→Do____________theremayalsobesomeotherproblems.答案：remember2．Sometimestheymakemistakeswhentheyarespeakingbecausetheyareshyandnervous.→Shynessand____________makeiteasytomakemistakes.答案：nervousness/tension3．28ofthe33goldmedalistsworethebodycoveringRastskinsuit.→Rastskinsuitwas____________by28ofthe33goldmedalwinnersattheSydneyOlympics.答案：worn4．Toaccomplishthegoal，youneedtostudyhardandhavestrongdetermination.→Ifyouareto____________theaim，youshouldbedeterminedandstudyhard.答案：achieve5．Don’tspeakinanangryway.→Don’tspeak____________．答案：angrily6．After­schoolprogrammingisaneffectivemethodtohelpyoungpeoplebecomecontributingmembersofsociety.→After­schoolprogrammingisaneffectivemethodtohelpyoungpeoplemake____________tosociety.答案：contributions7．Thewallofwater，akilometerhigh，rushestowardssouthernAfricaat800kilometersanhour.CitiesontheAfricancoastaretotallydestroyedandmillionsofpeoplearedrowned.→Atsunami(海啸)hitssouthernAfrica，____________citiesontheAfricancoast，and____________millionsofpeople.答案：destroying；drowning8．Peoplewhodon’thaveenoughexperiencecan’tdowellintheposition.→____________experiencecausespeopleunabletodowellintheposition.答案：Lackof/Lacking9．Skincolorisalsoaffectedbyanothersourcevitamin D．→VitaminDisanothersource____________skincolor.答案：affecting10．Weshouldconsiderwhattheotherpersonneedsandexpects.→Needsand____________ofothersshouldbetakeninto____________．答案：expectations；consideration/account11．Thecheatingathleteisnoteasytocatchout.→Thecheatingathleteisnot____________caughtout.答案：easily12．Buildingalistcanbedifficult.→Alistcanbedifficultto____________．＝Itcanbedifficulttobuildalist.答案：build13．Itshouldofferimportantinformation.→It’s____________toofferimportantinformation.答案：necessary14．Abouthalfofthepieceisdestroyed，buttheremainingparthitstheSouthAtlanticat200timesfasterthansound.→OnepiecehitstheSouthAtlanticat200timesthe____________ofsound.答案：speed/rate15．Pleasehelpotherswhereveryougo.→Pleasehelpotherswherever____________.答案：possible16．It’sworthtakingthetime.→Thetimeyouspendwillbe____________．答案：worthwhile17．Youareencouragedtotakenotesinclassbeforeyouforget.→Youareencouragedtotakenotesinclassjustin____________youforgetafterclass.答案：case18．Peopleplayindoorsportsinallweathers.→Peopleplayindoorsports____________theweather.答案：whatever19．Mostoftheparentscareabouttheirchildren’sskills.→Mostoftheparentsare____________oftheirchildren’sskills.答案：aware/conscious20．Theseamateurathleteswillprobablyneverbecomerichorfamous.Theymustworkattheirjobswhiletraining.→Theseamateurathleteswillprobablyneverbecomerichorfamousandtheymust____________theirworkwithtraining.答案：combine[即学即练4]根据所给句子的意思填上适当的词。每个空格只填一个单词。1．Whatshouldwedosothatourcommunicationwillbeeffective?→Whatshouldwedotocommunicate____________？答案：well/effectively2．Goodcommunication____________on(取决于)goodpersonalqualities.答案：depends3．Thetotal____________oflibrariesinNorthAmericaisover135，000.答案：number4．Inthiswayallworkscanbeeasilylocatedbyreaders.→Inthiswayreaderswillhavelittle____________locatingwhattheywant.答案：difficulty/trouble5．Allyouhavetodoistotakecontrolofyouremotionsandmakethempositiveinsteadoflettingthemcontrolyou.→Youhavetocontrolyouremotionsandmakethempositiveinsteadofbeing____________bythem.答案：controlled6．Thewayofkeepingyourselfmotivatedistofindafriendwholikesplaying.→Thewayofkeepingupyour____________forplayingistofindagoodfriend.答案：motivation7．Advertisingagenciesappearedinthelatterpartofthe19thcentury.→Advertisingagenciescameinto____________inthelatterpartofthe19thcentury.答案：appearance/being8．Advertisingspendinghasincreaseddramaticallyinrecentyears.→Therehasbeena____________inadvertisingspending.答案：rise9．Weprefertobealittlecautiousatthisstage.→More____________isneededatthisstage.答案：caution10．Intheearly1900sthebirthratebegantofallandthedivorceratebegantorise.→Thebirthratewasonthe____________andmorepeoplegotdivorced.答案：decrease/decline11．2.6billionpeoplelackproperwastewatertreatment.→2.6billionpeopleare____________ofproperwastewatertreatment.答案：short12．TheUNaimstocutinhalfthepopulationunabletoreachoraffordsafedrinkingwater.→TheUNaimstocutinhalfthepopulationhavingno____________tosafedrinkingwater.答案：access13．Yourownweightistheamountoftheforcethatholdsyoutotheearth.→Theforcethatholdsyoutotheearthis____________toyourownweight.答案：equal14．Studieshaveshownthatthepresenceofnaturalgreenspacesandplantsisconnectedwitha50percentreductionintheincidentsofviolentcrime.→Theincidentsofviolentcrimehave____________inplaceswheretherearenaturalgreenspacesandplants.答案：decreased/declined15．Mostoftheworld’srainforestsaretropicalrain