高考英语复习-Unit-4-Astronomy-the-science-of-the-stars-p

英语人教版精准高考1/56必修三第一部分Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars2/561主干知识2考点探究3课堂达标4复习练案3/56主干知识4/56Ⅰ.单词分类巧记A．阅读词汇——认一认1．fundamentaladj._________________

2．religionn．_________________

3．dissolvevt.&vi._________________

4．acidn．_________________ 5．multiplyvi.&vt._________________

6．gravityn．_________________

7．extinctadj._________________8．exhaustvt._________________________

基本；基础

宗教；宗教信仰

溶解；解散

酸

乘；增加

万有引力；重力

灭绝；绝种

用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽

5/56B．高频词汇——写一写1．__________n．大气层；气氛2．__________adj.太阳；日光3．__________adv.所以；于是4．__________adj.温和；文雅5．__________n．气候6．__________vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落7．__________n．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力8．__________vi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n．漂浮物9．__________n．系统；体系；制度10．__________n．学说；理论atmospheresolarthusgentleclimatecrashpullfloatsystemtheory6/56C．关键词汇——链一链1．__________globe

n．球体；地球仪；地球→__________global

adj.全球性；全世界2．__________violent

adj.猛烈；激烈；强暴→__________violence

n．暴力→__________violently

adv.暴力地；猛烈地3．__________unlike

prep.不一样；不像→__________like

vt.喜欢prep.像→__________dislike

vt.不喜欢；讨厌→__________likely

adj.可能7/564．__________harmful

adj.有害→__________harm

n．&vt.伤害→__________harmless

adj.无害5．__________exist

vi.存在；生存→__________existence

n．存在；生存6．__________puzzle

vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n．谜；难题→__________puzzled

adj.感到迷惑→__________puzzling

adj.令人迷惑8/56D．写作词汇——用一用1．Thisobjectgivesoff__________harmfulgases.Theymaydo__________harmtoourhealth.Youmustmaketheobject__________harmlessbeforeyouuseit.(harm)2．Air__________existseverywhereandits__________existencemakesitpossibleforustoliveon.(exist)3．Inmyopinion,a__________globaltourmeanstravelingallaroundthe__________globe.(globe)4．Larrywasin__________violentpain.Asaresult,hebehaved__________violentlyandtreatedeverythingwith__________violence.(violent)5．__________LikehisbrotherJohn,Jimisalsofondofmusic.But__________unlikeJohn,Jim__________dislikesphysicsatall.(like)9/56Ⅱ.短语语境速记A．常考短语默写1．_________________及时；终于 2._________________下蛋3．_________________产生；分娩 4.__________________轮到某人；接着5．_________________阻止；阻止 intimelayeggsgivebirthtoinone'sturnprevent...from10/566.__________________挡住(光线)7．_________________感到高兴；感到振奋8．_________________既然9．_________________突发；暴发10．_________________亲密注意；当心；提防blockoutcheerupnowthatbreakoutwatchoutfor11/56B．短语语境填空1．Oncehehasmadeuphismind,noonecan________him_________carryingouttheplan.2．Youmustgetthere__________eveniftheweathershouldchange.3．__________theproblemhasbeenidentified,appropriateactioncanbetaken.4．Idohopeshecan__________andacceptthechallengeoflifebravely!prevent

from

intime

Nowthat

cheerup

12/565．Beforethewar___________，manypeopleputawaypossessionstheycouldnottakewiththeminsafeplaces.6．Mum,youhadmedothecleaningyesterday,sotodayTom，__________，shoulddothewashing!7．Theotherdaymypetcat____________anewlittlecat.8．Toensuregoodsleep,sheboughtaheavycurtainto__________thelight.brokeout

inhisturn

gavebirthto

blockout

13/56Ⅲ.词语高效积累1．与“太空”相关高频单词集锦①astronomyn．天文学 ②astronomern．天文学家③astronautn．宇航员 ④gravityn．万有引力⑤satelliten．卫星 ⑥planetn．行星⑦orbitn．轨道 ⑧spaceshipn．宇宙飞船⑨universen．宇宙 ⑩launchvt.发射⑪explorevt.探索；勘探 ⑫solaradj.太阳⑬shuttlen．航天飞机 ⑭globen．地球；球体14/562．表示“性格良好”形容词荟萃①gentle温和 ②easy­going随和③outgoing外向 ④frank直率⑤generous慷慨 ⑥upright正直15/563．un­前缀高频形容词全接触①like→unlike不像②able→unable不能……③acceptable→unacceptable不能接收④believable→unbelievable不可相信⑤certain→uncertain不确定⑥clear→unclear不清楚⑦comfortable→uncomfortable不舒适⑧fair→unfair不公平16/564．birth使用方法小结givebirthto生，引发，产生 atbirth在出生时bybirth在血统上 frombirth出生以来5．“小心；当心”高频短语becareful小心 watchoutfor小心；当心lookout当心 takecare小心17/56Ⅳ.佳句填空完形1．_______wasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamental__________thedevelopmentoflife.水会对生命发展起关键作用，这一点在当初并不太显著。2．Whatitwas__________(become)wasuncertain__________between4.5and3.8billionyearsago__________thedustsettledintoasolidglobe.它会变成什么，当初还没有些人知道，直到38至45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体球体。It

to

tobecome

until

when

18/563．Whatiseven________________(important)isthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearon_______surface.更为主要是，地球冷却了下来，地球表面就开始出现了水。4．So_________lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyears_________(come)willdependonwhetherthisproblemcan__________(solve)．所以，在未来数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到处理。moreimportant

its

whether

tocome

besolved

19/565．Icheeredupimmediatelyand__________(float)weightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabin__________(watch)theearthbecomesmallerandthemoon__________(large)．我立刻高兴起来，因为失重，我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后)地球越来越小，而(前方)月球越来越大。floated

watching

larger

20/56Ⅴ.语法过关演练主语从句1．__________heconsideredagreatproposalwasturneddownbythebossatthemeeting.解析：考查主语从句。句意：他认为很好一个提议在会议上被老板否定了。空处引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，不指人，故填what。What

21/562．__________isknowntoallisthattheDiaoyuIslandshavebelongedtoChinasinceancienttimes.解析：考查名词性从句。句意：钓鱼岛自古就属于中国，这是大家都知道。what引导是主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语。3．—WhathasmadeJohnlooklikelackingsleep?—__________hehadtoprepareforthecomingexamandstayeduplastnight.解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，答语是回答上面句子中主语“What”，故此句是一个主语从句，缺乏引导词，而引导词在从句中不充当成份，故用“That”。What

That

22/564．Itremainstobeseen__________thisplanispracticalenoughtokeeptheprojectgoing.解析：考查主语从句。句意：这个计划是否足够实用，以使这个项目继续下去还有待观察。it是形式主语，真正主语是whether引导从句。whether“是否”，符合句意。5．Itmakeshislifequitedifferent__________hehasreceivedhighereducationabroad.解析：考查主语从句。本句中it是形式主语，真正主语是“thathehasreceivedhighereducationabroad”。whether

that

23/56考点探究24/561．harmfuladj.有害；伤害归纳拓展(1)beharmfultosb.对某人有害(2)harmn．&vt.损伤；伤害dosb.harm(＝doharmtosb.)对某人有害domoreharmthangood弊大于利There's(no)harmin(sb.'s)doingsth.(某人)做某事(没)有坏处meannoharm没有恶意(3)harmlessadj.无害高频单词25/56用所给词适当形式填空/介词填空。①Incontemporaryculture,physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtoosocially__________(harm)tobetolerated.在当代文化中，愤恨肢体表示被普遍认为对社会有太多坏处而不能被容忍。harmful

26/56②Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon,causingseriousharm______lifeandtheenvironment.这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重破坏。③Ifyouwanttosolvetheprobleminthisway,thereisnoharm_______callinghim.假如你想以这种方式来处理问题，你不妨给他打个电话。to

in

27/562．existvi.存在；生存；存活；继续存在归纳拓展(1)Thereexists/existed...某地有……；存在……existon(liveon)sth.靠某物生存existby靠……方式为生existin存在于……之中existas作为……而存在；以……形态存在28/56(2)existencen.存在；生存comeintoexistence开始存在；成立bring...intoexistence使……发生(产生)inexistence现存；现有(3)existentadj.存在；现存29/56完成句子。①Theycan't__________themoneyhe'searning.他们靠他挣那点钱无法维持生活。②______________hugeanimalsontheearthalongtimeago.很久以前地球上存在着体形庞大动物。③Ithasbeen______________formorethan500years.它已经存在500多年了。④Nowadays,therearestillmanypeoplewonderingwhentheearth______________________.现在仍有很多人想知道，地球是何时产生。exist

on

There

existed

in

existence

came

into

existence

30/563．puzzlen．迷；难题vi&vt.(使)迷惑；(使)为难归纳拓展(1)puzzleabout/over苦苦思索；仔细琢磨puzzlesth.out琢磨出……答案；开动脑筋bepuzzledby被……迷惑(2)beinapuzzleaboutsth.对某事感到不解setapuzzleforsb.(＝setsb.apuzzle)出个谜语让某人猜beinapuzzle不知怎样是好(3)puzzledadj.感到迷惑puzzlingadj.令人迷惑31/56用所给词适当形式填空/介词填空。①Tenyson'scarefortheelderlywoman__________(puzzle)theflowerseller.Tenyson对老妇人照料使得卖花人很迷惑。②Thepolicearestillpuzzling____________howtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.警察仍在苦思这起事故是怎么发生。puzzled

about/over

32/56③Wherethemissingplanehasgonestillremainsapuzzle______us.失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。④Therewasa__________(puzzle)lookonthelittlegirl'sfacebecausea__________(puzzle)problem__________(puzzle)her.在这个小女孩脸上带着迷惑表情，因为一道令人迷惑问题让她感到迷惑。to

puzzled

puzzling

puzzled

33/564．pulln．&vt.拉(力)；托；牵引力归纳拓展pullthrough康复；痊愈pulldown拉下(窗帘等)；拆毁；拆掉(房屋等)pullout拔出；(列车等)出站；启程pullin(列车等)驶进；到站；(船)靠岸pullsb.through(使)渡过危机(难关)pull...up把……往上拽；停顿pullover(机动车辆等)停靠(在路边)34/56完成句子。①Ipulled______mymobilephonetoreadatextmessagefrommymom.我拿出手机读妈妈发短信。②Hishousewaspulled__________byfire.他房子被大火烧毁了。③Hepulled________hiscoatandjoinedusinthework.他脱去上衣，便和我们一起干了起来。④Thepolicecarsignaledtoustopull________.警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。out

down

off

in

35/561．prevent/stop/keep...from...阻止/预防……做/发生归纳拓展在主动语态句子中，stop和prevent后from可省略，但keep后不可省略；在被动语态中，这三个短语中from均不可省略。比较：protect...from...保护……不受……(伤害)重点短语36/56完成句子。①Theheavyrain_________________________________onwithourwork.大雨阻止了我们继续工作。②Apossiblewar________finally___________________________breakingoutwiththeireffort.一场可能战争最终因为他们努力而防止了。③Thefarmers__________wheat__________heavyrainwithrainclothes.农民们用雨布遮住小麦以防被大雨浇坏。prevented/stopped/kept

us

from

going

was

prevented/stopped/kept

from

protect

from

37/562．intime及时；终于归纳拓展ontime按时 allthetime一直；一直atonetime曾经；一度 atatime每次；逐一attimes有时；间或 atalltimes随时；总是fromtimetotime有时；偶然 innotime立刻；马上atnotime绝不timeandtimeagain一次又一次；一再takeone'stime别着急；慢慢来keepupwiththetime与时俱进38/56用time相关短语完成以下句子。①Theysenttheemailtomejust__________beforeIleft.②__________willIgiveupcompletingtheproject.③Theboylaughedandcried_________________.④_____________hewasaddictedtoplayingwebgames,butnowhedevoteshimselftowriting,whichdelightshisparents.⑤Don'ttrytodoeverythingatonce；takeitabit__________.⑥Wearrivedinthesummer,just__________toenjoythemidnightsun.intime

Atnotime

atthesametime

Atonetime

atatime

intime

39/563．nowthat因为；既然归纳拓展since与nowthat(既然)引导原因状语从句普通置于主句之前；because(因为)引导原因状语从句通常放在主句之后；as引导原因状语从句普通位于主句前，也可位于主句后。另外，并列连词for也可表示原因，引导原因分句只能放在另一个分句之后。40/56完成句子。①________________(既然)youarewillingtotakeachance,thengoahead!②________________(既然)everybodyishere,let'sbeginourmeeting.③Itis__________(因为)helackedenoughconfidencethathesufferedfromfailure.④Hemustbeagoodstudent,______(因为)he'salwayscarefulwithhislessons.Nowthat(＝Since)

Nowthat(＝Since)

because

for

41/564．inone'sturn轮到某人；接着归纳拓展inturn依次；轮番；反之；反过来byturns轮番；交替地taketurnstodosth.轮番做某事Itisone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事takeone'sturn轮到某人ontheturn正在转变；正在改变outofturn不合时宜地；鲁莽地takeaturn转变42/56介、副词填空/用所给词适当形式填空。①Nowotherstudentswerecomingtohimforcoachingandthey,_______turn,werewinningcontests.现在其它学生都来向他请教，对应地，他们也逐赢得比赛。②Ithinkit'smyturn__________(drive)thekidstoschoolthisweek.我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。③Itturned______thatthisyoungmanwasnoneotherthantheoldman'sson.结果证实这个年轻人正是那位老人儿子。in

to

drive

out

43/565．cheerup感到高兴；感到振奋归纳拓展cheersb.up使某人振作起来cheersb.on(比赛中)以喝彩声勉励某人；为某人加油Cheers!(用于祝酒)干杯！44/56用所给词适当形式填空/完成句子。①Uponarrivingattheclassroom,theauthor____________(cheer)upbyawarmwelcome.一走进教室，作者因为热烈欢迎而高兴起来。②Sowewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedherifwecouldbuyaflowerforthelady______________.所以我们朝卖花人走去，问她我们是否能够为那位女士买一朵花来让她振作起来。③Iproposeatoasttoourfriendshipandcooperation.__________(cheer)!我提议为我们友情与互助，干杯！was

cheered

to

cheer

her

up

Cheers

45/56重点句型1．Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.本句中两个whether分别引导主语从句和宾语从句。归纳拓展whether与if引导名词性从句时区分：(1)whether能够直接与ornot连用，if不能够。(2)引导位于句首主语从句，用whether，不用if。(3)引导表语从句和同位语从句，用whether，不用if。(4)动词不定式之前用whether，不用if。(5)介词之后宾语从句用whether，不用if。46/56依据括号内汉语意思完成句子。①__________________________________(明天我们是否去野营)dependsontheweather.②Wehaven'tsettledtheproblemof____________________________________(他是否有必要去国外学习)．③Iwonder___________________(你能否帮我)．Whetherwe'llgocampingtomorrow

whetheritisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad

ifyoucanhelpme

47/562．ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子跨度竟是在地球上两倍，因而我摔倒了。本句中twiceas...as...表示“是……几倍”，该句型中twice也可用half,on