新世纪大学英语综合教程4第四册unit2-Technology-and-Happiness省公开课金

Unit2ManandTechnology

TextATechnologyandHappinessBy王冲颜敏杰黄永水陈远东1/38TopicPreviewVideoClipDetailReading2/38TopicPreview

Pleaselookatthepicturesandanswerthefollowingquestions.

Picture1Theautomaticwater

drinkingmachine3/38

Picture2Udiskmemorypen4/38Picture3Pregnancyexperience5/38Q:WhatassociationdotheMagictechnologyproducts

bringtoyou?ItisadvancedscienceandtechnologyItisbeyondlogicandabovereasonItisrealmagical，Ilikethemverymuch...

CompanyLogoIfIhavethem,Iwillsoveryveryhappyandexcitedthatcan'tfallasleepwellforawhile.6/38Watchthevideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestion.Whatchangescouldtakeplaceinourfuturelifewiththeadvancementoftechnology?VideoClip7/38Q:Whatchangescouldtakeplaceinour

futurelifewiththeadvancementof

technology?EverythingisautomaticProductionbeincreased.Humanlaborbedecreased.People’smentalhorizonbebroadened.Ontheonehand...8/38Doyouthinktechnologymakesyourlifeeasier?Couldyougivesomeexamples?Yes,Ithinkso.Convenienttelecommunicationandtransportation,comfortablehouseholdappliances,workingenvironmentwithoutthelimitationoftimeandspace,andsoon.9/38Whatnegativeaspectsdoyouthinkshouldbeavoidedwhenwedevelopscienceandtechnology?Maybesomeonewillsay:Environmentalpollution,misuseoroveruseofthehumanresources,wars,moralproblems,andsoon.Ontheotherhand...10/38Whatishappiness?Areyouhappynow?Ifnot,whatmakesyouunhappy?Wheredoeshappinesscomefrom,materialormind?Ishappinessanythingrelatedwithothers?(Doeshappinessexistinyourselfordependonothers.)11/38Happineseis...1、Happinessliesnotinthemerepossessionofmoney;itliesinthejoyofachievement,inthethrillofcreativeeffort.(FranklinRoosevelt)——富兰克林-罗斯福

幸福不在于拥有金钱；它在于成功喜悦，在努力创造刺激2、Thesupremehappinessoflifeistheconvictionthatweareloved.(VictorHugo)——维克多雨果

生活中最大幸福是坚信有些人爱我们3、Thereisnoparadiseonearthequaltotheunionofloveandinnocence.(JeanJacquesRousseau)——让-贾可卢梭人世间最大幸福莫如现有爱情又爱得纯洁无瑕12/38What'shappinese——TheNewYorkstyle

ByWeixiaoguang13/38China'shappinese——FanWeistyle14/38HomeworkIfyou

areaskedtowrite

a

compositionabouttherelationshipbetweentechnologyandhappiness,whatdoyouplantodo.15/38StructureAnalysisPart1(Para.1-2)

Materialandtechnologicaladvancesdonotreallybringhappinesstopeopleinthedevelopedcountries.ThoughAmericansnowarewealthierthantheywereinthemiddleofthelastcentury,theyarenothappierthantheyusedtobe.Part2(Para.3-5)

Technologyandhappinessarenotnecessarilycloselycorrelatedbecausepeopleadapttotechnologicalprogresstooquickly.

16/38Part3(Para.6-9)

Thecurrentcommentsontechnologyhavemostlycenteredonthebadeffectsoftechnologyonhumanrelationshipsratherthanparticular,harmfultechnologies.Part4(Para.10)

Themostimportantimpactoftechnologyonpeople’ssenseofwell-beingisinthefieldofhealthcare.Part5(Para.11)Peopleingeneralclaimthatonadeeperlevel,technologycannotbringhappinesstothem,whichisjustcontradictorytothefactthatithasgreatlyimprovedpeople’shealthandlifeexpectancy.17/38

Inthepresentera,allofusareenthusiasticallypursuingtechnologicaladvancementandtakeitforgrantedthatthedevelopmentoftechnologywillmakeushappier.However,littleevidencecanbefoundtoprovethecorrelationbetweentechnologyandhappinessoncematerialandtechnologicaladvancesreachacertainlevel.Thetextbelowmayprovideyouwithsomeinsightsintothisissue.DetailReading18/38

Inthe20thcentury,Americans,Europeans,andEastAsiansenjoyedmaterialandtechnologicaladvancesthatwereunimaginableinpreviouseras.IntheUnitedStates,forinstance,grossdomesticproductpercapitatripledfrom1950to.Lifeexpectancy

soared.TheboominproductivityafterWorldWarIImadegoodsbetterandcheaperatthesametime.Thingsthatwereonceluxuries,suchasjettravelandlong-distancephonecalls,becamenecessities.AndeventhoughAmericansseemedtoworkextraordinarilyhard,theirpursuitofentertainmentturnedmediaandleisureintomultibillion-dollarindustries.Para119/38Traslation译文：

在第二十世纪，美国人，欧洲人，和东方人享受物质和技术进步，在以前是无法想象。在美国，比如，人均国内生产总值翻了三倍，从1950到。预期寿命上升。第二次世界大战后货更加好和更廉价同时提升生产力繁荣。曾经是奢侈事情，如乘飞机旅行和长途电话服务，成为必需品。尽管美国人似乎工作非常难，他们追求娱乐变成了媒体和休闲价值数十亿美元产业。20/38

Bymoststandards,then,youwouldhavetosaythatAmericansarebetteroffnowthantheywereinthemiddleofthelastcentury.Oddly,though,ifyouaskAmericanshowhappytheyare,you’llfindthattheyarenohappierthantheywerein1946(whichiswhenformal

surveysofhappinessstarted).Infact,thepercentageofpeoplewhosaytheyare“veryhappy”hasfallenslightlysincetheearly1970s—eventhoughtheincomeofpeoplebornin1940has,onaverage,increasedby116percentoverthecourseoftheirworkinglives.Youcanfindsimilardataformostdevelopedcountries.Para221/38Traslation译文：

那么，依据大多数标准衡量，你会说，现在美国人比上个世纪中叶富裕多了。不过，奇怪是，假如你问美国人有多幸福，你会发觉，他们并不比1946年时幸福（1946年正式开始对幸福情况进行调查）。实际上，那些说自己“非常幸福”人所占百分比自20世纪70年代以来一直稳中有降——尽管20世纪40年代出生人收入在他们工作生涯中平均增加了116％。你能够在大多数发达国家找到相同数据。

22/38

Para.3

TherelationshipbetweenhappinessandtechnologyhasbeenaneternalsubjectforsocialcriticsandphilosopherssincetheadventoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butit’sbeenleftlargelyunexaminedbyeconomistsandsocialscientists.Thetrulygroundbreakingworkontherelationshipbetweenprosperityandwell-beingwasdonebytheeconomistRichardEasterlin,whoin1974wroteafamouspaperentitled“DoesEconomicGrowthImprovetheHumanLot?”Easterlinshowedthatwhenitcameto

developedcountries,therewasnorealcorrelationbetweenanation’sincomelevelanditscitizens’happiness.Money,Easterlinargued,couldnotbuyhappiness—atleastnotafteracertainpoint.Easterlinshowedthatthoughpovertywasstronglycorrelatedwithmisery,onceacountrywassolidlymiddle-class,gettingwealthierdidnotseemtomakeitscitizensanyhappier.23/38Traslation译文：

自工业革命开始以来，幸福与技术之间关系一直是社会批评家和哲学家们长久研究课题，然而，基本上还没有受到经济学家和社会学家们关注。经济学家理查德·伊斯特林在经济繁荣和幸福关系方面进行了含有开拓性研究，并于1974年发表了一篇题为“经济增加改变人类命运吗？”著名论文。伊斯特林表明，就发达国家而言，一个国家收入和国民幸福之间没有真正相互关系。伊斯特林认为，金钱买不到幸福，最少在（金钱）到达了一定程度以后是如此。伊斯特林认为，尽管贫穷与苦难密不可分，不过，一个国家一旦到达稳定中产阶级水平，富有似乎并没有让其国民感到更多幸福。24/38Para.4

Thisseemstobeclosetoauniversalphenomenon.Infact,oneofhappinessscholars’mostimportantinsightsisthatpeopleadaptveryquicklytogoodnews.Takelotterywinnersforexample.Onefamousstudyshowedthatalthoughwinnerswerevery,veryhappywhen

they

won,theirextremeexcitementquicklyevaporated,andafterawhiletheirmoodsandsenseofwell-beingwereindistinguishablefromwhattheyhadbeenbeforethevictory.

这好像几乎是一个普遍现象。实际上，研究幸福学者们最主要观点之一是：人们对好消息很快便习认为常。拿彩票中奖者为例。一项主要研究表明，尽管买彩票中奖人中奖时会感到非常非常幸福，可这种兴奋很快就消逝了。一段时间之后，他们心情和幸福感与中奖之前没有什么两样。25/38Para.5

So,too,withtechnology:nomatterhowdramaticanewinnovationis,nomatterhowmucheasieritmakesourlives,itisveryeasytotakeitforgranted.Youcanseethisprincipleatwork

intheworldoftechnologyeveryday,asthingsthatonceseemedmiraculoussoonbecomecommonand,worse,frustrating

whentheydon’tworkperfectly.It’shard,itturnsout,tokeepinmindwhatthingswerelikebeforethenewtechnologycamealong.26/38Traslation译文：

人们对待技术态度也是一样：不论一个新事物多么引人注目，也不论它使我们生活变得多么舒适，人们都认为这是理所当然事情。在技术世界，你天天都会看到这一标准起作用。曾经一度被视为非常神奇东西很快就变得习认为常，更糟是，当这些东西运转不正常时，还会令人沮丧。要把新技术问世之前情形切记在心原来是如此困难！27/38Para.6

Doesourfastassimilationoftechnologicalprogressmean,then,thattechnologymakesnodifference?No.Itjustmakesthequestionoftechnology’simpact,forgoodorill,morecomplicated.Let’sstartwiththedownside.Therearecertainwaysinwhichtechnologymakeslifeobviouslyworse.Telemarketing,trafficjams,andidentitytheftall

cometomind.Theseareallphenomenathatmakepeopleconsciouslyunhappy.Butforthemostpart,moderncritiquesoftechnologyhavefocusednotsomuchonspecific,badtechnologiesastheimpactoftechnologyonourhumanrelationships.

28/38Traslation译文：

那么，我们对技术进步快速吸收是否意味着技术没有发挥什么作用呢？不，决非如此。不论好歹，这只是把技术影响问题变得愈加复杂。我们先从负面影响谈起。在一些方面，技术显然使得生活愈加糟糕了。譬如，我们马上会想到电话推销、交通阻塞以及身份资料失窃等情况。这些都是让人们显著意识到不幸福现象。可是，当代技术评论文章多半都没有把焦点集中在详细、有害技术上，而是集中在了技术对人际关系影响上。

29/38Para.7

Privacyhasbecomeincreasinglyfragileinaworldoflinkeddatabases.Inmanyworkplaces,technologieslikekeystrokemonitoringandfullrecordingsofphonecallsmakeiteasiertowatchworkers.Thenotionthattechnologydisruptsandfracturescommunitygainedmainstreamprominenceasanattackontelevision.SomeevensaythatTVischieflyresponsibleforthegradual

isolationofAmericansfromeach

other.Similarly,theharmfuleffectsoftheInternet,whichsupposedlyfurtherisolatespeoplefromwhatisoftencalled“therealworld”.30/38Traslation译文：

在联了网数据库世界里，隐私变得越来越脆弱。在许多工作场所，诸如按键监控和电话全程录音之类技术使得对员工监视变得愈加轻易。人们对电视攻击主要集中在以下方面：技术扰乱了人际关系、破坏了小区交往。一些人甚至说，电视是美国人逐步相互疏远罪魁祸首。一样也有些人认为，互联网负面影响深入使人远离了我们常说“真实世界”。31/38

Para.8Thisbroadcriticismoftechnology’simpactonrelationshipsisaninterestingoneandisespeciallyrelevanttothequestionofhappiness,becauseoneofthefewthingswecansayforcertain

isthatthemorefriendsandthecloserrelationshipspeoplehave,thehappiertheytendtobe.这种广义上关于技术影响人际关系批评颇有趣味，尤与幸福问题相关，因为我们真正有把握说清楚事情没有几件，但其中之一是：人们朋友越多，关系越亲密，就越幸福。32/38

Para.9

Today,technologicalchangeissorapidthatwhenyoubuysomething,youdosoknowingthatinafewmonthsthere’sgoingtobeabetter,fasterversionoftheproduct,andthatyou’regoingtobestuckwiththeoldone.Someoneelse,inotherwords,hasitbetter.It’sasifdisappointmentwerebuiltintoacquisitionfromtheverybeginning.今天技术改变异常神速，购置某种产品时你就知道，再过几个月，比这个产品性能更加好、运作更加快款式就会问世，而你却还得使用旧款式产品。换句话说，他人买到产品要比你好。这种失望感好像从开始购置这件产品时就已经存在了。

33/38Para10

Dailystress,anannoyingsenseofdisappointment,fearthatthegovernmentknowsalotmoreaboutyouthanyouwouldlikeitto—theseareobviouslysomeofthewaysinwhichtechnologyreducespeople’ssenseofwell-being.Butthemostimportantimpactoftechnologyonpeople’ssenseofwell-beingisinthefieldofhealthcare.BeforetheIndustrial

Revolution,twooutofeverythreeEuropeansdiedbeforetheageof30.Today,lifeexpectancyforwomeninWesternEuropeisalmost80years,anditcontinuestoincrease.Thepointisobvious:thevastmajorityofpeoplearehappytobealive,andthemoretimetheygetonearth,thebetterofftheyfeelthey’llbe.Butuntilveryrecently,lifeforthevastmajorityofpeoplewasnasty,rough,andshort.Technologyha