中考英语语法分词课件

初中英语语法分词语法精讲分词作定语分词前置Wecanseetherisingsun.我们可以看到东升的旭日Heisaretiredworker.他是位退休的工人分词后置(①分词词组；②个别分词如given,left；③修饰不定代词something等)Therewasagirlsittingthere.有个女孩坐在那里Thisisthequestiongiven.这是所给的问题Thereisnothinginteresting.没有有趣的东西过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.典型例题1)Thefirsttextbook___forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havewrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written答案D.书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句whichiswrittenD2）What'sthelanguage____inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeakB答案B.主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。解析

spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language,spoken与language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：What'sthelanguage(whichis)spokeninGerman分词作状语AsIdidn'treceiveanyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.->Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。Ifmoreattentionwasgiven,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.->Givenmoreattention，thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。典型例题1）_____someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowed

B解析答案B.Napoleon与follow之间有被动的含义。beingfollowed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。followedby（被…跟随）。本题可改为：Withsomeofficialsfollowing,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.2）Therewasaterriblenoise___thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed

答案B.由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。B3）_______,liquidscanbechangedintogases.A.HeatingB.TobeheatedC.HeatedD.Heat

C解析答案C.本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句Whenitisheated，…注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。(Being)usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用连词+分词(短语)分词作补语通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如：Ifoundmycarmissing.我发现我的车不见了。I'llhavemywatchrepaired.我想把我的手表修一下分词作表语现在分词：表示主动，正在进行过去分词：表示被动，已经完成Shelookedtiredwithcooking.她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。Heremainedstandingbesidethetable.他依然站在桌旁分词作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generallyspeaking一般说来talkingof(speakingof)说道strictlyspeaking严格的说judgingfrom从…判断allthingsconsidered从整体来看takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看来Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。(speaking并不是dogs的动作)分词的时态1）与主语动词同时，Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。Arrivingthere,theyfoundtheboydead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。典型例题Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparingB解析答案B.此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和waspreparing。只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。2）先于主动词Whilewalkinginthegarden，hehurthisleg.在花园里散步时他伤了腿。分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用havingdone。Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentout.=Ashehadfinishedhishomework,hewentout.做完作业后，他出去了。典型例题___areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.HavingnotreceivedC解析答案C.本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not+分词，故选C。该句可理解为：Becausehehadnotreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.分词的语态1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：Heisthemangivingyouthemoney.(=whogaveyou…)他就是给你钱的那个人。Heisthemanstoppedbythecar.(=whowasstoppedby…)他就是那个被车拦住的人。2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生gone,fallen,retired,grown-up,escaped,faded,returned例:awell-readperson.一个读过许多书的人amuch-travelledmay一个去过许多地方的人aburnt-outmatch烧完了的火柴练习1.Thefamouswriterwroteanovel______thisstory.A．tobase B．baseduponC．wasbasedupon D．tobaseuponB2.Thehallistoonoisy.Thespeakerhastoraisehisvoicetomakehimself_____.A．hear B．heard C．hearingB3.Lookatthebaby__________inpink.Howlovely!A．dressed B．wears C．iswearing D．DressesA4.—DidyouseeTom________offthetree?—No.Isawhim________ontheground.Luckily,hewasOK.A．fallen;lay B．falling;lay C．fall;lay D．fall;lyingD5.Theman________last________thishomeatabout7A.m.A．was；seenleavingB．did；seeleftC．has；seenleaveD．was；seenleaveA6.Itis________thathedidn’tpasstheexam.A．surprise B．surprised C．tosurprise D．surprisingD7.—Youkeptme_______solong.—Sorry.I’llbereadysoon.A．wait B．towait C．waited D．waitingD8.Isawanoldwoman________intheparktwohoursag