MOOC 大学英语学术阅读-南京大学 中国大学慕课答案

MOOC大学英语学术阅读-南京大学中国大学慕课答案RespondingtoReadingSkimming1、问题：Gothroughthepassage“BodyLanguage”within1minute,andanswerthequestionthatfollows.(Tips:Readthefirstsentenceofeachparagraph.)BodyLanguageWhatdoesscientificliteraturetellusabouttheideathatbodylanguagereflectsourrealfeelings?Oneexperimentcarriedoutabout10yearsagobyRossBuckfromCarnegie-MellonUniversityinPennsylvaniasuggeststhatspontaneousfacialexpressionisnotaverygoodindexofrealemotionalstate.Buckandhiscolleaguestestedtheaccuracywithwhichpeoplecouldidentifytheemotionsfeltbyanotherperson.Theypresentedonesetofsubjectswithcolorslidesinvolvingavarietyofemotionally-loadedvisualstimuli-suchas"scenic"slides(landscapes,etc),"maternal"slides(mothersandyoungchildren),disgustingslides(severefacialinjuriesandburns)andunusualslides(artobjects).Unknowntothesesubjects,theywerebeingtelevisedandviewedbyanothermatchedsetofsubjects,whowereaskedtodecide,onthebasisofthetelevisedfacialexpressions,whichofthefoursetsofslideshadjustbeenviewed.Thisexperimentinvolvedbothmaleandfemalepairs,butnopairscomprisingbothmenandwomen;thatismenobservedonlymen,andwomenobservedwomen.Buckfoundthatthefemalepairscorrectlyidentifiedalmost40percentoftheslidesused-thiswasabovethelevelwhichwouldbepredictedbychancealone.(Chancelevelis25percenthere,astherewerefourclassesofslide).Butmalepairscorrectlyidentifiedonly28percentofslides-notsignificantlyabovechancelevel.Inotherwords,thisstudysuggeststhatfacialexpressionisnotaverygoodindexof"real"feeling-andinthecaseofmenwatchingandinterpretingothermen,isalmostuseless.PaulEkmanfromtheUniversityofCaliforniahasconductedalongseriesofexperimentsonnonverballeakage(orhownonverbalbehaviormayrevealrealinnerstates)whichhasyieldedsomemorepositiveandcounter-intuitiveresults.Ekmanhassuggestedthatnonverbalbehaviormayindeedprovideacluetorealfeelingsandhasexploredinsomedetailpeopleactivelyinvolvedindeception,wheretheirverballanguageisnotatrueindicationofhowtheyreallyfeel.EkmanhereagreeswithSigmundFreud,whowasalsoconvincedoftheimportanceofnonverbalbehaviorinspottingdeceptionwhenhewrote:"Hethathaseyestoseeandearstohearmayconvincehimselfthatnomortalcankeepasecret.Ifhislipsaresilent,hechatterswithhisfinger-tips;betrayaloozesoutofhimateverypore."Ekmanpredictedthatthefeetandlegswouldprobablyholdthebestcluetodeceptionbecausealthoughthefacesendsoutveryquickinstantaneousmessages,peopleattendtoandreceivemostfeedbackfromthefaceandthereforetrytocontrolitmost.Inthecaseofthefeetandlegsthe"transmissiontime"ismuchlongerbutwehavelittlefeedbackfromthispartofthebody.Inotherwords,weareoftenunawareofwhatwearedoingwithourfeetandlegs.Ekmansuggestedthatthefaceisequippedtoliethemost(becauseweareoftenawareofourfacialexpression)andto"leak"themost(becauseitsendsoutmanyfastmomentarymessages)andisthereforegoingtobeaveryconfusingsourceofinformationduringdeception.Thelegsandfeetwouldbetheprimarysourceofnonverballeakageandholdthemaincluetodeception.Theformtheleakageinthelegsandfeetwouldtakewouldinclude"aggressivefootkicks,flirtatiouslegdisplays,abortiverestlessflightmovements".Cluestodeceptioncouldbeseenin"tenselegpositions,frequentshiftsoflegposture,andinrestlessorrepetitivelegandfootmovements."Ekmanconductedaseriesofexperimentstotesthisspeculations,someinvolvingpsychiatricpatientswhowereengagingindeception,usuallytoobtainreleasefromhospital.Hemadefilmsofinterviewsinvolvingthepatientsandshowedthese,withoutsound,tooneoftwogroupsofobservers.Onegroupviewedonlythefaceandhead,theothergroup,thebodyfromtheneckdown.Eachobserverwasgivenalistof300adjectivesdescribingattitudes,emotionalstate,andsoon,andhadtosaywhichadjectivesbestdescribedthepatients.Theresultsindicatedquitedramaticallythatindividualswhoutilizedthefacetendedtobemisledbythepatients,whereasthosewhoconcentratedonthelowerbodyweremuchmorelikelytodetecttherealstateofthepatientsandnotbemisledbytheattempteddeception.Thesestudiesthussuggestthatsomebodylanguagemayindeedreflectourrealfeelings,evenwhenwearetryingtodisguisethem.Mostpeoplecan,however,managetocontrolfacialexpressionquitewellandthefaceoftenseemstoprovidelittleinformationaboutrealfeeling.PaulEkmanhasmorerecentlydemonstratedthatpeoplecanbetrainedtointerpretfacialexpressionmoreaccuratelybutthis,notsurprisingly,isaslowlaboriousprocess.Ekman'sresearch,suggeststhatthefeetandlegsbetrayagreatdealaboutrealfeelingsandattitudesbuttheresearchisnowherenearidentifyingthemeaningsofparticularfootmovements.RayBirdwhistelloftheEasternPennsylvaniaPsychiatricInstitutehasgonesomewaytowardsidentifyingsomeofthebasicnonverbalelementsofthelegsandfeet,andasafirstapproximationhasidentified58separateelements.Butthemeaningsoftheseparticularelementsarefarfromclearandneitheraretherulesforcombiningtheelementsintolargermeaningfulunits.Perhapsinyearstocomewewillhavea"language"ofthefeetprovidedthatwecansuccessfullysurmounttheproblemsdescribedearlierinidentifyingthebasicformsofmovementfollowingBirdwhistell'spioneeringefforts,ofhowtheymaycombineintolargerunits,andinteachingpeoplehowtheymightmakesenseofapparentlycontradictorymovements.Inthemeantime,ifyougotoapartyandfindsomeonepeeringintentlyatyourfeet-beware.*********************************************************Question:Whatdoesthispassagewanttotellthereaders?选项：A、Researchershavedevelopedathoroughknowledgeaboutbodylanguage.B、Spontaneousfacialexpressionisnotaverygoodindexofrealemotionalstate.C、Somebodylanguagemayindeedreflectpeople’srealfeelings.D、Thestudyofbodylanguageisanewlyemergedsubject.正确答案:【Somebodylanguagemayindeedreflectpeople’srealfeelings.】Scanning1、问题：Readthepassage"TheDiscoveryofX-rays"quicklyandchoosetheparagraph(s)whichcontain(s)theanswer(s).Youmaychoosemorethanoneanswerforquestion3.TheDiscoveryofX-raysPar.1ExceptforabriefdescriptionoftheComptoneffect,andafewotherremarks,wehavepostponedthediscussionofX-raysuntilthepresentchapterbecauseitisparticularlyconvenienttotreatX-rayspectraaftertreatingopticalspectra.AlthoughthisorderingmayhavegiventhereaderadistortedimpressionofthehistoricalimportanceofX-rays,thisimpressionwillbecorrectedshortlyaswedescribethecrucialroleplayedbyX-raysinthedevelopmentofmodernphysics.Par.2X-rayswerediscoveredin1895byRoentgenwhilestudyingthephenomenaofgaseousdischarge.Usingacathoderaytubewithahighvoltageofseveraltensofkilovolts,henoticedthatsaltsofbariumwouldfluorescewhenbroughtnearthetube,althoughnothingvisiblewasemittedbythetube.Thiseffectpersistedwhenthetubewaswrappedwithalayerofblackcardboard.Roentgensoonestablishedthattheagencyresponsibleforthefluorescenceoriginatedatthepointatwhichthestreamofenergeticelectronsstrucktheglasswallofthetube.Becauseofitsunknownnature,hegavethisagencythenameX-rays.HefoundthatX-rayscouldmanifestthemselvesbydarkeningwrappedphotographicplates,dischargingchargedelectroscopes,aswellasbycausingfluorescenceinanumberofdifferentsubstances.HealsofoundthatX-rayscanpenetrateconsiderablethicknessesofmaterialsoflowatomicnumber,whereassubstancesofhighatomicnumberarerelativelyopaque.RoentgentookthefirststepsinidentifyingthenatureofX-raysbyusingasystemofslitstoshowthat(1)theytravelinstraightlines,andthat(2)theyareuncharged,becausetheyarenotdeflectedbyelectricormagneticfields.Par.3ThediscoveryofX-raysarousedtheinterestofallphysicists,andmanyjoinedintheinvestigationoftheirproperties.In1899HagaandWindperformedasingleslitdiffractionexperimentwithX-rayswhichshowedthat(3)X-raysareawavemotionphenomenon,and,fromthesizeofthediffractionpattern,theirwavelengthcouldbeestimatedtobe10-8cm.In1906Barklaprovedthat(4)thewavesaretransversebyshowingthattheycanbepolarizedbyscatteringfrommanymaterials.Par.4Thereis,ofcourse,nolongeranythingunknownaboutthenatureofX-rays.Theyareelectromagneticradiationofexactlythesamenatureasvisiblelight,exceptthattheirwavelengthisseveralordersofmagnitudeshorter.Thisconclusionfollowsfromcomparingproperties1through4withthesimilarpropertiesofvisiblelight,butitwasactuallypostulatedbyThomsonseveralyearsbeforeallthesepropertieswereknown.ThomsonarguedthatX-raysareelectromagneticradiationbecausesuchradiationwouldbeexpectedtobeemittedfromthepointatwhichtheelectronsstrikethewallofacathoderaytube.Atthispoint,theelectronssufferveryviolentaccelerationsincomingtoastopand,accordingtoclassicalelectromagnetictheory,allacceleratedchargedparticlesemitelectromagneticradiations.WeshallseelaterthatthisexplanationoftheproductionofX-raysisatleastpartiallycorrect.Par.5Incommonwithotherelectromagneticradiations,X-raysexhibitparticle-likeaspectsaswellaswave-likeaspects.ThereaderwillrecallthattheComptoneffect,whichisoneofthemostconvincingdemonstrationsoftheexistenceofquanta,wasoriginallyobservedwithelectromagneticradiationintheX-rayregionofwavelengths.WhenwereX-raysdiscovered?选项：A、Par.1B、Par.2C、Par.3D、Par.4E、Par.5正确答案:【Par.2】2、问题：WhodiscoveredX-rays?选项：A、Par.1B、Par.2C、Par.3D、Par.4E、Par.5正确答案:【Par.2】3、问题：WhatarethefourcharacteristicsofX-rays?选项：A、Par.1B、Par.2C、Par.3D、Par.4E、Par.5正确答案:【Par.2#Par.3】Identifyingmainideas1、问题：Toidentifythemainideaofaparagraph,wecanlookfor________.选项：A、thetopicsentenceB、repeatedkeywordsC、examplesD、questionsaskedbytheauthor正确答案:【thetopicsentence#repeatedkeywords】2、问题：Toidentifyingthemainideaofatext,wecan________.选项：A、lookfortopicsentences,keywordsandrepeatedinformationB、lookattitlesandsubtitlesofthetextC、readtheintroductoryandconcludingparagraphsD、lookforthequestionsraisedbytheauthor正确答案:【lookfortopicsentences,keywordsandrepeatedinformation#lookattitlesandsubtitlesofthetext#readtheintroductoryandconcludingparagraphs】3、问题：Whenthemainideasareimplied,wecantakesomestepstofindtheimpliedmainideasincluding________.选项：A、readthetextB、findoutthecommonbondamongthedetailsC、spotthesupportingevidenceD、summarizethebondandtheauthor’spointsaboutthebond正确答案:【readthetext#findoutthecommonbondamongthedetails#summarizethebondandtheauthor’spointsaboutthebond】4、问题：Themainideaisthebrief,notall-encompassingsummary.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】5、问题：Themainideaisalwayscontainedinthefirstorthelastsentenceofaparagraph.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】RespondingtoReadingDistinguishingMainIdeasandDetails1、填空题：Task1:Matcheachtopicsentencewithasupportingdetail.TopicSentenceSupportingDetail1.___Veryfewpeopleinanewjobcouldcarryouttheirdutiesperfectlyfromthestart.2.___Itisworthdoingacourse,ifthatskillisingreatdemandatpresent.3.___Latestfiguresshowrecordunemploymentfor16-year-oldschoolleavers.4.___Thisparticularrecruitmentagencyhasaremarkablerecordoffillingjobvacancies.5.___Therearelistsofstandardinterviewquestionsontheinternet.A.Thishasbeenputdowntothecurrenteconomicclimate,whichshowsnosignofimproving.B.Themainreasonforthisisthattheymakesuretheirrecommendedcandidatesaresuitable.C.Employersunderstandthatthereisalearningcurveineveryposition.D.Anobviousexampleiscomputerliteracy,whichisamustineveryofficenowadays.E.Theseincludeclassicslike‘What’syourgreatestweakness?’andcandidatesshouldhaveananswerprepared.Writedownthe5correspondinglettersofthesupportingdetailsforthe5topicsentences.(Writeyouranswerlikethis:ABCDE)正确答案:【cdabe##%_YZPRLFH_%##CDABE】2、填空题：Task2:Matchtheparagraphswiththetopicsentences.Thereisoneextrasentencewhichyoudonotneedtouse.ParagraphTopicSentence1.___No-oneisexpectinganintervieweetogrinmanicallythroughouttheinterview,butthere’snothingworsethanablankorworriedexpression.Here’sanoldtrick:lookingupattheceilingandraisingyoureyebrowsjustbeforeenteringtheinterviewroomwillrelaxyourface.2.___Interviewersspendalldaylisteningtoanswerstothesamesetofquestions,andsotheywouldappreciatesomeonewhoisconcise.Also,digressingintoananecdoteaboutyourAuntSandydoesn’tsaymuchforyourabilitytofocusononetask.Ifyouhavearelevantstorytotell,practiseituntilyoucandeliveritinasfewwordsaspossible.3.___Scratchingthenoseorbreakingeyecontact,forexample,arebothsuresignsthattheintervieweeisnotbeingentirelyhonest.Someonewhodoesnotsitstraightmightbelazy,whilesomeonewhositstoostraightisprobablynotcreative.Thesearesubjectiveandperhapshastyjudgements,butinterviewersarehuman,likeeveryoneelse.A.Yourfaceshouldbeopenandfriendly,invitingconversationfromtheinterviewer.B.Smalldetails,suchasposture,orthewayyouholdyourhead,haveagreaterimpactthanyoucanimagine.C.Oneinterviewerwesurveyedsaidshepaysalotofattentiontoacandidate’sbodylanguage.D.Candidatesshouldkeeptheiranswerstothepoint,withoutbeingmonosyllabic.Writedownthe3correspondinglettersofthetopicsentencesforthe3paragraphs.正确答案:【adb##%_YZPRLFH_%##ADB】Referencing1、问题：Pronounsincluding________canbeusedasreferencewordstopresentotherelementsintexts.选项：A、subjectpronounsB、objectpronounsC、possessivepronounsD、reflectivepronouns正确答案:【subjectpronouns#objectpronouns#possessivepronouns#reflectivepronouns】2、问题：Whichofthefollowingwordsandphrasescanrefertoantecedentsintexts?选项：A、PreviouslystatedB、AndsoonC、SynonymsD、Wordspresentingcollectiveideas正确答案:【Previouslystated#Andsoon#Synonyms#Wordspresentingcollectiveideas】3、问题：Sameaspronouns,noun-phrasereferencewordscancarrypreciseinformation,makingiteasyforreaderstofollow.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】4、问题：Someadjectivessuchasmy,your,this,those,other,another,etc.andadverbssuchashereandtherecanalsobereferencewords.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】5、问题：Writersusereferencewordsintextstoavoidrepetitionofcertainwordsandphrases.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】DealingwithUnfamiliarWords1、问题：Task:ReadthearticleaboutakindoffitnesstrainingcalledHIIT.Thenchoosethebestexplanationsforsomeofthewordsandexpressions.HIIT:Isthefitnessscene'sbiggestfaddoingmoreharmthangood?1.HighIntensityIntervalTraining(HIIT)hasbeenthedarlingofthefitnesssceneforafewyearsnow.Fundamentally,itinvolvesrepetitionsofshortburstsofintense,'maximaleffort'exercise;usuallyforanywherebetween20to40seconds.2.ThetheorybehindHIITisveryappealing.Byworkingoutatyourtoplevelofexertion,youburnmorecaloriesinashortspaceoftimethanotherworkouts.What'smore,studiesshowthatyourmetabolismstaysinaheightenedstateforupto24hoursafteryou'vefinished.Andinpractice,HIITcanhaveimpressiveresults.It'saneffectivetoolforincreasingcardiovascularfitness,sculptingyourphysiqueandincreasingmetabolicrate.HencewhyHIITclassesarepoppingupallovertheplace.Peoplehavebecomeaccustomedtoturninguptoaclasswithloudmusicanddarklighting,justlikeanightclub–andleavinginthesamestate:barelyabletowalk.3.However...IhaveabigbonetopickwithHIIT,whichisthatthere'softennofocusonformortechniqueintheseclasses,eventhoughit'snowprescribedasthego-toformofexerciseforeveryone.Instead,themeasureofagoodHIITsessionsseemstobehow'destroyed'youfeelafteraclass.It'sinevitablethatproblemsarisefromthis'allpainforgain'approach.4.Oneissueissimplythatpeoplearedoingworkoutsthatthey'renotconditionedfor.Thereisnoemphasisonflexibility,mobilityoractivationinmanyHIITclasses;yetallareincrediblyimportantinkeepingthebodyfitandhealthyasyouage.5.What'smore,Iregularlyseepeople“smashing”multipleHIITclassesaday,5-6daysperweek.HIITshouldnotbedonemorethanthreetimesperweek(atmost),becauseitissostrenuous.Itputsanincrediblestrainonyournervoussystem,jointsandmuscles;especiallyifyouareoverweightandunfit.6.TheHIITapproachtoexercisehasgoneOTT.It'senteringunsustainableterritory.7.HIIT’sriseinpopularityissymptomaticofwhatiswrongwiththefitnessindustryasawhole:abrazendisregardofthefundamentals,andadetrimental“onesizefitsall”mentality.Havingtrained100sofclientsinmyfiveyearsasapersonaltrainer,thebiggestissuesmostpeoplehavearealackofflexibility,mobilityandcorestrength,ontopofmuscleactivationissues.AlloftheabovecanleadtochronicinjuriesandarefurtherexacerbatedbyHIIT.8.Mybeliefisthateveryoneshouldtrytotrainlikeathletesdo.Idon’tmeanthesametrainingfrequencyandintensityasathletes,Imeanthementalityandtheapproach.Havingtrainedasacompetitivesprinterforfouryears,Ilearnedtotakeeveryaspectofmylifeintoaccount:sleep,restdays,nutritionandweaknesses.Ilearnttolistentomybody.SomedaysIwouldwakeupfeelingtiredandfatigued,soonthosedaysIwouldn’ttrainhard.Iwoulddosomethinglessintenseandfocusonrecovery.9.Remember:burningcaloriesisn'tthebeallandendalloffitnessandgoodhealth.Yes,HIITmayburnmorecaloriesthananyotherformofexercise,butit'snouseifitleadstoinjuryorillness.Overtrainingisarealdanger:itcanruinyourimmunesystem,causeinsomnia,affectyourappetiteandreleasecortisol,whichinturncanmakeyoumorelikelytoputonfat.********************************************Whatdoestheword“fad”inthetitleprobablymean?选项：A、Craze.B、Program.C、Liar.D、(Thisisafiller.Donotchoosethisanswer.)正确答案:【Craze.】2、问题：Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“IhaveabigbonetopickwithHIIT”inPar.3?选项：A、HewouldliketogivesomesuggestionsforHIITgoers.B、Herecommendsthispopularandeffectivefitnesstraining.C、Heisannoyedbyitandwantstotalkaboutit.D、(Thisisafiller.Donotchoosethisanswer.)正确答案:【Heisannoyedbyitandwantstotalkaboutit.】3、问题：Whatdoestheword“smash”probablymeaninPar.5?选项：A、Breaksomethingintopieces.B、Hitsomethingviolently.C、Dosomethingfastorinlargeamount.D、(Thisisafiller.Donotchoosethisanswer.)正确答案:【Dosomethingfastorinlargeamount.】4、问题：Whatdoestheabbreviation“OTT”probablymeaninPar.6?选项：A、Beyondwhatisconsiderednormal.B、Towardtheend.C、Verypopular.D、(Thisisafiller.Donotchoosethisanswer.)正确答案:【Beyondwhatisconsiderednormal.】5、问题：Whatdoestheword“symptomatic”meaninPar.7?选项：A、Beingasimpleversion.B、Beingasign.C、Beingsystematic.D、(Thisisafiller.Donotchoosethisanswer.)正确答案:【Beingasign.】6、问题：Whatdoestheword“fatigue”meaninPar.8?选项：A、Exhausted.B、Upset.C、Depressed.D、(Thisisafiller.Donotchoosethisanswer.)正确答案:【Exhausted.】RespondingtoReadingHigherorderreadingstrategies1、问题：Whatarethetwowaysoflookingatthestructureofatext?选项：A、Theoveralllayoutofthetext.B、Thelanguageitusestoconnectdifferentpartsofthetextintoawhole.C、Thebeginningofthetext.D、Theconclusionofthetext.正确答案:【Theoveralllayoutofthetext.#Thelanguageitusestoconnectdifferentpartsofthetextintoawhole.】2、问题：Whichofthefollowingcanbehelpfulforfindingstructuresorpatternsofatext?选项：A、Abstracts.B、Introductionsandconclusions.C、Headingsandsubheadings.D、Thesisstatementsandtopicsentences.正确答案:【Abstracts.#Introductionsandconclusions.#Headingsandsubheadings.#Thesisstatementsandtopicsentences.】3、问题：Inwhatwayapassagecanbeorganized?选项：A、Orderoftime.B、Orderofspace.C、Orderofprocess.D、Orderofimportance.正确答案:【Orderoftime.#Orderofspace.#Orderofprocess.#Orderofimportance.】4、问题：Criticalreadingreferstoaprocessofreadinginwhichreadersareencouragedto________.选项：A、interpretimpliedmeaningB、assesstheauthor’sideasC、reacttotheideaspresentedD、synthesizeandcomparevarioussourcesE、evaluatethearguments正确答案:【interpretimpliedmeaning#assesstheauthor’sideas#reacttotheideaspresented#synthesizeandcomparevarioussources#evaluatethearguments】5、问题：Attheendoftheintroduction,authorsoftenprovidethesisstatements,whichwillnotonlyrevealthemainideas,butalsothesupportingevidenceofthethesisstatement.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】IdentifyingAuthor'sPurpose1、问题：Passage1Mostofusthink(erroneously)thatwritersjustsitdownandchurnoutawonderfulessay,storyorpoeminonesittinginaflashofgeniusandinspiration.Thisisnottrue.Experiencedwritersusethewritingprocessfromstarttofinishtohelpthemwriteacleardocument.Ifyoudonotreflectonyourcompositioninstagesandmakechangesasyoudevelopit,youwillnotseealltheproblemsorerrorinit.Don’ttrytowriteanessayorstoryjustonceandleavetheroom.That’samistakemadebynovicewritersandwillbeglaringlyobvioustoanexperiencedreader.Stayandlookthroughyourwork.Reflectuponwhatyou’vecomposed.Evenbetter,useawritingprocesswhereyouprewriteandplan,writearoughdraft,organizeideas,editandproofread.Yourwritingwillsuffertheconsequencesofpoorcraftsmanshipotherwise.Theauthormostlikelywrotetheparagraphinorderto:选项：A、explainthewritingprocesstosomeonewhohasrarelyexperiencedit.B、suggestthatnewwritersusethewritingprocesstocrafttheirwork.C、identifythecomponentsofthewritingprocessandthebestwaytoincorporateintoacomposition.D、comparethewritingofanovicewriterwiththatofanexperiencedone.正确答案:【suggestthatnewwritersusethewritingprocesstocrafttheirwork.】2、问题：Passage2Onahighway,behindthegateofavastgarden,attheendofwhichcouldbediscernedthewhitehuesofaprettymanorhousebathedinsunlight,wasabeautiful,freshchild,cladinthosecountryclothesthataresocoquettish.Luxury,freedomfromcares,thehabitualsightofrichestmakesuchchildrensoprettythatoneistemptedtoconsiderthemmoldedofadifferentsubstancefromthechildrenofmediocrityandpoverty.Besidehim,lyingonthegrass,wasasplendidtoy,asfreshasitsowner,varnished,gilded,cladinacrimsoncloakandcoveredwithplumesandglassbeads.Butthechildwastakingnonoticeofhisfavoritetoy,andthisiswhathewaslookingat:Ontheothersideofthegate,outontheroadway,amongthenettlesandthistles,wasanotherchild,dirty,sickly,soiledwithsoot,oneofthosepariah-kidsinwhomanimpartialeyewoulddiscoverbeauty,astheeyeofaconnoisseurcandivineanidealpaintingunderneathalayeroftarnish,ifonlytherepugnantpatinaofpovertywerewashedaway.--From“ThePoorChild’sToy”byCharlesBaudelaire.Theauthormostlikelymentionsthephysicalappearanceoftheimpoverishedchildinthelastparagraphinorderto:选项：A、identifythecauseofthechild’spoverty.B、intensifythereader’ssympatheticreactiontowardthechild.C、criticizeasocialupbringingthatwouldallowachildtosufferinsuchaway.D、contrastthepovertyofthesecondchildwiththeprivilegeofthefirst.正确答案:【contrastthepovertyofthesecondchildwiththeprivilegeofthefirst.】3、问题：Passage3Thehigh-techworldofclocksandschedules,computersandprogramswassupposedtofreeusfromalifeoftoilanddeprivation,yetwitheachpassingdaythehumanracebecomesmoreenslaved,exploited,andvictimized.Millionsstarvewhileafewliveinsplendor.Thehumanraceremainsdividedfromitselfandseveredfromthenaturalworldthatisitsprimordialcommunity.Wenoworchestrateanartificialtimeworld,zippingalongtheelectroniccircuitsofsiliconchips,atimeworldutterlyalienfromthetimeafruittakestoripen,oratidetakestoreceded.Wehavespedourselvesoutofthetimeworldofnatureandintoafabricatedtimeworldwhereexperiencecanonlybesimulatedbutnolongersavored.Ourweeklyroutinesandworklivesarepunctuatedwithartificialrhythms,theunholyunionofperspectiveandpower.Andwitheachnewelectricdawnanddusk,wegrowfurtherapartfromeachother,moreisolatedandalone,moreincontrolandlessself-assured.--From“TimeWars”byJeremyRifkinTheauthor’sfirstparagraphprimarilyservesto:选项：A、identifytheprimarymethodshumansusetoorganizetheirlives.B、criticizetechnologybecauseitcauseshumanstoturnfromthenaturalworld.C、illustratethewaysinwhichhumansareexploitedbytechnology.D、describehowhumanshavesplitfromthenaturalworldandhaveembracedtechnology.正确答案:【criticizetechnologybecauseitcauseshumanstoturnfromthenaturalworld.】4、问题：Passage4Whenmostpeoplethinkofashipwreck,theyimaginetheremainsofahugewoodenormetalboatcrashedalongthebottomoftheocean.Fishswiminandoutofthemangledboat’shull,andcoralandseaweedclingtoitssides.Meanwhile,diverswithscubagearandcameraspaddletheirwayintothedepthstoexploreinsidethelong-forgottenvessel.Theymightfindanythingfromoldpotterytorustycannonstopirategold,butonethingiscertain:thedeepcoldwaterhasswalloweduptheshipandkeptitsecretforaverylongtime.Surprisingly,though,waterisnotalwaysanecessaryelementinshipwreckexplorations.Fewpeoplerealizethatmanyimportantshipwreckscanbefoundonland.Tradingskiffs,warships,andpirategalleonsalikehavebeenfoundburieddeepinriverbeds,hilltops,andcornfieldsthroughouttheworld.Theauthormostlikelycomposedthesetwoparagraphsinorderto:选项：A、informthereaderaboutsurprisingplacesshipwreckshavebeenfound.B、describewhatapersonwouldfindifheorshevisitedashipwreck.C、comparethesimilaritiesbetweenawater-foundshipw