四级快速阅读

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英语四级快速阅读专项训练（真题版附答案和详解）

PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentencewiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

1.WhyIntegrityMatters

WhatIsIntegrity?

Thekeytointegrityisconsistency-notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachandeveryday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethical(道德上的)standardsevenwhenmakinglifeshardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.

Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Buta

lapse(缺失)ofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thusintegritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.

RiskyBusiness

Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision,makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedidandthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.

Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecantseetherisksweretaking,wecantmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesntknowtherulesaaboutplagiarism(剽窃)mayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercreditoronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationisunintentionaldoesnotexcusethemisconduct,Ignoranceisnotadefense.

ButEverybodyDoesIt

Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfactsbut

managetofoolthemselvesabouttheriskstheyretakingbyusingexcuses:Everyoneelsedoesit.Imnothurtinganyone,orIreallyneedthisgrade.Excusescangetveryelaborate:IknowImlookatanothersexam,eventhoughImsupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthatsnotcheatingbecauseI‘mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying.Wemustbehonestaboutouractionsandavoidexcuses,ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwerenotdoinganythingwrong,wecantseetherealchoiceweremaking-andthatleadstobaddecisions.

Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublicandanyonecouldbewatchingoveryoreshoulder.Ifyoudratherhideyouractions,thatsanindicationthatyouretakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.

EvaluatingRisks

Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmolatebenefitsandsimplyhaventconsideredwhatmightgowrong.TheconsequencesofgettingcaughtareseriousandmayincludeaOonatestorassignment,anFintheclass,suspension(暂令停学)ordismissal

fromschoolandaruinedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaroleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlifeandgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishmentthatyouhavenocontrolover.Thisisanextremelyvulnerable(脆弱的)position.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeathorhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearentmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.

GettingAwaywithit-OrNot

Thosewhodontgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesntlearnfromthetest,whichdeprives(剥夺)himherofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-respectandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guiltyandafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesntgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseemseasier.Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.CheatingHurtsOther,Too

Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractionsdontcountanddontreallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveanintensecumulative(累积的)effect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease.

Recentstatisticssuggest30％ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothersgrades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheatingpoisonstheclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.(IfIdontcheatIcantcompetewiththosewhodo)Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoofteachingisseeingstudentslearn.Butacheatersays.Imnotinterestedinwhatyouretryingtoteach,allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers.Theendresultisadestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheuniversityandharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.

WhyIntegrityMarten

Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,the