湖北省七市州教科研协作体2023-2024学年高三下二模英语试题(解析版)

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省七市州教科研协作体2023-2024学年高三下二模英语试题第一部分听力（共两节,满分30分）略第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhetheryouarealifelongbookwormoraretryingtodevelopaloveforreadinginyourkids,the2024MiamiBookFairisforyou.•WhenandWhereIstheFair?Thismuch-lovedSouthFloridaeventwillbeheldfromMay12to18,2024attheMDCWolfsonCampusPlazainDowntownMiami.•WhattoExpectattheFair?Thisyear,thefairwillfeaturemorethan400celebratedauthorsfromaroundtheworld.Therewillbearichcollectionofwritersandtheirworksofalmosteverytypeunderthesun.Readerscannotonlyexploreartsandcrafts,butalsoexperiencefacepaintingandbookgiveaways.Forgreenwriters,it’saplacetoconnectwiththeirfavoriteeditors.Forbooklovers,it’sanopportunitytogetautographs(亲笔签名)frommanypopularauthorsandaskthemsomequestions.Duringthisweek-longbookfeast,youwillfindagroupofeventsrunningfrommorningtonight.•HowMuchDoestheFairCost?OnFriday.thefairisfree.OnSaturdayorSunday,itis10foranadultforoneday,oryoucangetatwo-daypassfor$15.Kidsunderage12canattendforfreeandthekidaged13-18is$5perday.Somarkyourcalendars,headtoDowntownMiami,andenjoyyourselfintheheartofthecity’sliteraryscene.1.Whatcanvisitorsdoatthefair?A.Donateusedbooks. B.ExploreDowntownMiami.C.Enjoyadinnerparty. D.Interactwithpopularauthors.2.Howmuchshouldacouplewithtwokidsunder12payfortheSundayfair?A.$30. B.$25. C.$20. D.$15.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toadvertiseafair. B.Toraisemoney.C.Tointroduceacity. D.Torecommendbooks.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2024年迈阿密书展的相关信息，包括书展的时间、地点、活动内容和门票价格等。〖答案〗1.D2.C3.A【1题详析】细节理解题。根据•WhattoExpectattheFair?部分中“Forbooklovers,it’sanopportunitytogetautographs(亲笔签名)frommanypopularauthorsandaskthemsomequestions.(对于书迷来说，这是一个获得许多知名作家签名并向他们提问的机会)”可知，游客在书展上可以与知名作家互动。故选D项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据•HowMuchDoestheFairCost?部分中“OnSaturdayorSunday,itis10foranadultforoneday,oryoucangetatwo-daypassfor$15.Kidsunderage12canattendforfreeandthekidaged13—18is$5perday.(在周六或周日，成人一天的票价是10美元，或者你可以花15美元买一张两天的出入证。12岁以下的孩子可以免费参加，13—18岁的孩子每天5美元)”可知，星期天成人票价10美元，12岁以下孩子免费，所以一对夫妇和两个12岁以下的孩子星期天参加书展只需要20美元。故选C项。【3题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Whetheryouarealifelongbookwormoraretryingtodevelopaloveforreadinginyourkids,the2024MiamiBookFairisforyou.(无论你是一个终身书虫，还是想培养孩子对阅读的热爱，2024年迈阿密书展都是为你准备的)”和下文对书展的介绍可知，文章的目的是为书展做广告。故选A项。BEverymorningontheislandofOahu,studentsatPu’öhalaElementarygatheronafieldastoweringmountainswatchthemfromthemist.Theirdaystartswithsongsin‘öleloHawai’i,theislands’nativelanguage,restatingvaluesofrespectandjusticethattheirteachershopewillguidethemthroughtheireducation,andthroughouttheirlives.Likemostkidstheirage,they’renotconcernedaboutthesignificanceofthelanguagethey’relearning.Still,theyhaveaweightyresponsibility:toreceivethetorch(火炬)andensurethesecurityof‘öleloHawai’iforfuturegenerations.Itwasonly50yearsagothatthelanguagewasontheedgeofextinction.Thoughthesituationismuchimproved,inmanyways‘öleloHawai’iisstillonlifesupport.Teacherssaythere’sahugeenthusiasmforschoolkidstolearnthelanguage,butastheygrowup,they’reencouragedtofocuson“moreuseful”subjectsanduseEnglish,whicharebelievedtoassisttheminachievingsuccessintheirwork.In2016,therewere18,610Hawaiianspeakersontheislands.“Onehundredthousandistheapproximatenumberofspeakersneededtoconsiderthelanguagesafe,”saysSolomon,professorofHawaiianlanguageatUniversityofHawai’iatManoa.“Theideaisthatthereareenoughpeoplepassingitontothenextgeneration,socializingtheirchildrentousethelanguageinalldomainsoflife,toexpressallthoughtsandneedsanddesires.”Fortunately,thekidsofPu’öhalaElementarywilltaketheresponsibilitytocontinuetheworkofthecurrentyoungadultsdefendingthelanguage,expandingaccessto‘öleloHawai’iinpartthroughTikTokandInstagram,andmakingthelanguageapracticalskillinadulthood.Theseyouth,alongwiththosecommittedtorecoveringthelanguagefrompreviousgenerations,sharetheirhopesforthebetter.4.WhatarethestudentsatPu’öhalaElementaryexpectedtodo?A.Tofigureoutthevalueoflife. B.TogooutoftheislandofOahu.C.Topasstheirnativelanguagedown. D.Todrawpeople’sattentiontofolksongs.5.Whatmakesthestudentsabandon‘öleloHawai’i?A.Careerdevelopment. B.Theimprovedsituation.C.Lackofenthusiasm. D.Littleeducationalsupport.6.Whatisthecurrentsituationof‘öleloHawai’iaccordingtoprofessorSolomon?A.Itisusedinallwalksoflife. B.Itisconsideredasafelanguage.C.Itdemandsmorespeakerstobesafe. D.Ithasonehundredthousandspeakers.7.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureof‘öleloHawai’i?A.Worried. B.Hopeful. C.Unclear. D.Reserved.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了夏威夷岛上普奥哈拉小学学生学习母语夏威夷语的情景，承载着保护和传承夏威夷语言文化的责任。虽然夏威夷语曾经濒临灭绝，但现在学生们积极学习，努力传承着这门语言。文章表达了对未来传承和发展夏威夷语的期望和希望。〖答案〗4.C5.A6.C7.B【4题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“theyhaveaweightyresponsibility:toreceivethetorch(火炬)andensurethesecurityof‘ōleloHawai’iforfuturegenerations.”（他们仍然肩负着重大责任：接受火炬并确保子孙后代的夏威夷语的安全。）可知，Pu’öhala小学的学生应该把他们的母语传承下去。故选C项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“they’reencouragedtofocuson‘moreuseful’subjectsanduseEnglish,whicharebelievedtoassisttheminachievingsuccessintheirwork.”（他们被鼓励专注于“更有用”的科目并使用英语，这被认为有助于他们在工作中取得成功。）可知，很多学生为了工作发展，放弃夏威夷语言的学习。故选A项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“In2016,therewere18,610Hawaiianspeakersontheislands.”（2016年，岛上有18610名讲夏威夷语的人。）以及第四段“Onehundredthousandistheapproximatenumberofspeakersneededtoconsiderthelanguagesafe,”（认为该语言安全所需的使用者人数大约为十万人）可知，目前夏威夷语言的使用者远达不到安全数量100000，因此需要更多使用者才能确保该语言的安全。故选C项。【7题详析】观点态度题。由文章最后一段“Theseyouth,alongwiththosecommittedtorecoveringthelanguagefrompreviousgenerations,sharetheirhopesforthebetter.”（这些年轻人与那些致力于恢复前几代人的语言的人一起，分享着他们对更好的希望。）可推知作者对夏威夷语言的未来持积极乐观态度。A.Worried担心；B.Hopeful有希望的；C.Unclear不清楚的；D.Reserved保留的。B项符合此处语境。故选B项。CAnewstudyinvolvingnearly50,000peoplefromfourcontinentsoffersnewinsightsintoidentifyingthequantityofdailywalkingstepsthatwillbestimproveadults’healthandlongevity(长寿),andwhethertheidealnumberofstepsdiffersacrosspeopleofdifferentages.Thestudyrepresentsanefforttodevelopanevidence-basedpublichealthmessageaboutthebenefitsofphysicalactivity.Theoften-repeated10,000-step-a-daysayinggrewoutofadecades-oldmarketingactivityforaJapanesepedometer(计步器),withnosciencetobackitup.LedbyphysicalactivityprofessorAmandaPaluch,aninternationalgroupofscientistsconductedanexperimentamongadultsaged18andolder.Theygroupedthenearly50,000participantsintofourcomparativegroupsaccordingtoaveragestepsperday.Theloweststepgroupaveraged3,500steps;thesecond,5,800;thethird,7,800;andthefourth,10,900stepsperday.Amongthethreehigheractivegroups,therewasa40—53%lowerriskofdeath,comparedtotheloweststepgroup.Morespecifically,foradults60andolder,theriskofearlydeathleveledoffatabout6,000—8,000stepsperday,meaningthatmorestepsthanthatprovidednoadditionalbenefitforlongevity,whileforadultsyoungerthan60,about8,000—10,000stepsperday.“So,whatwesawwasthiscontinuingreductioninriskasthenumberofstepsincreases,untilitlevelsoff.Interestingly,thestudyfoundnodefinitiveassociationwithwalkingspeed.”Paluchsays.ThenewstudysupportsandexpandsfindingsfromanotherstudyledbyPaluchbefore,whichfoundthatwalkingatleast7,000stepsadayreducedmiddle-agedpeople’sriskofearlydeath.“There’salotofevidencesuggestingthatmovingevenalittlemoreisbeneficial,particularlyforthosewhoaredoingverylittleactivity.”Paluchsays.“Morestepsperdayarebetterforyourhealth.”8.Whydidthescientistscarryoutthenewstudy?A.Toknowaboutpeople’shealthcondition.B.Toexplainthepedometer’sworkingprinciples.C.Todeterminethebestphysicalactivityforpeople.D.Toprovideascientificguidelineondailywalking.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“leveledoff”inparagraph3mean?A.Turnedhigher. B.Becamestable. C.Fellsharply. D.Changedrapidly.10.Whatdoestheexperimentfind?A.Theoldshouldwalkasmuchaspossible.B.Youngpeopleusuallywalkmorethantheold.C.Themostbeneficialstepsdifferbyagegroups.D.Walkingpaceisthekeytoavoidingearlydeath.11.WhatdoesPaluchadvisepeopledoinglittleactivitytodo?A.Towalkmoresteps. B.Tocontrolwalkingspeed.C.Tolimitwalkingdistance. D.Totrackthenumberofsteps.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项新研究对四大洲近5万人进行了分析，确定了能够最大程度改善健康、延长寿命的每日步数，同时调查了不同年龄段的人每日最佳步数是否有所不同。〖答案〗8.D9.B10.C11.A【8题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Thestudyrepresentsanefforttodevelopanevidence-basedpublichealthmessageaboutthebenefitsofphysicalactivity.Theoften-repeated10,000-step-a-daysayinggrewoutofadecades-oldmarketingactivityforaJapanesepedometer(计步器),withnosciencetobackitup.(这项研究代表了一项关于体育活动益处的循证公共卫生信息的开发工作。这个每天一万步经常被重复的说法源于几十年前日本计步器的营销活动，没有科学依据。)”可知，现有的观点缺乏科学依据，本项研究旨在为科学的走路步数提供证据，由此可推知本研究旨在为日常走路锻炼提供科学指导。故选D。【9题详析】词义猜测题。根据画线短语后面的“meaningthatmorestepsthanthatprovidednoadditionalbenefitforlongevity”可知，多余的步数并不会增加额外的好处，由此可推知步数到达一定量之后降低死亡的风险趋于稳定，不再变化。“leveledoff”意为“保持水平，保持平稳发展”，与Becamestable意思相近。故选B。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Morespecifically,foradults60andolder,theriskofearlydeathleveledoffatabout6,000—8,000stepsperday,meaningthatmorestepsthanthatprovidednoadditionalbenefitforlongevity,whileforadultsyoungerthan60,about8,000—10,000stepsperday.(更具体地说，对于60岁及以上的成年人来说，过早死亡的风险稳定在每天6000—8000步左右，这意味着更多的步数对寿命没有额外的好处，而对于60岁以下的成年人来说大约是每天8000—10000步。)”可推知，年龄不同，最佳效果步数也不一样。故选C。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段Paluch所说的“There’salotofevidencesuggestingthatmovingevenalittlemoreisbeneficial,particularlyforthosewhoaredoingverylittleactivity.(有很多证据表明，多运动一点是有益的，尤其是对那些活动很少的人来说。)”和“Morestepsperdayarebetterforyourhealth.(每天多走几步对你的健康有益。)”可知，不运动的人，增加走路步数对健康有益，因此可知Paluch建议不运动的人应该增加走路步数。故选A。DDespiteitsbenefits,drinkingmilkintoadulthood,letaloneotheranimals’milk,isastrangebehaviorintheanimalkingdom.Whatmakesitevenstrangeristhatanestimated68percentoftheglobalhumanpopulationisactuallylactose(乳糖)intolerant.Scientistsarestillgettingtothebottomofwhythepracticebeganandcontinued.ThisresearchcouldunlocknewunderstandingsofourfoodculturesandevenourDNA.Theearliestevidenceofanimalmilkdrinkingdatesbackalmost9.000yearstomodern-dayTurkeyneartheseaofMarmara.wheremilkfatshavebeenfoundonancientpottery.AccordingtoJessicaHendy.ascientistattheUniversityofYork.thenmilkwouldhavebeenpartofadiversedietforitwasmixedwithotherfood.Fromitsorigins,thetechnologyofmakinguseofmilkspreadintotheCaucasusandthenacrossEurope.BytheBronzeAge,peoplemayhavebeenusingcow’smilktofeedtheirbabies.Foralongtime,researchersbelievedthatmilkdrinkingchangedasaculturalpracticehandinhandwiththespreadofgeneticmutations(变异)thatallowedpeopletotoleratemilkintoadulthood.Butonerecentfindingsuggestsmilkdrinkingoccurredbeforethesemutationsandmightnotevenrequirethem.InEurope.peopleappeartohavebeendrinkingmilkforthousandsofyearsbeforeanygeneticabilitytodrinkmilkbecamecommon.Theancientcheesemakingequipmentmightofferpartofthesolution:Fermenting(发酵)milkintoyogurt.cheese,orotherproductsreducestheamountoflactose.InMongolia.researchershavenotyetfoundageneticmutationthatallowspeopletodigestlactose,despitethemajorroleofmilkinthatculture.Sosomescientistsheldthattheremightbeotherpotentialfactorshelping.Whatwedoknowaboutthehistoryofmilkrevealshowwrong-headedone-size-fits-allnutritionalguidancecanbe.InmodernAmerica.milkdrinkinghasbeenpresentedasauniversalgood.Inreality,howmilkispreparedcanchangethenutritionalpicture,andhowmuchourbodiesprocessdepends,atleastinpart.onourowngenes.12.Whatcanwelearnaboutmilkdrinkingfromparagraph2?A.Itusedtobeasymbolofidentity. B.Itinitiallystartedwithlittlebabies.C.Itwasthekeydietofancientpeople. D.Ithasbeenahumantraditionforlong.13.WhydoestheauthormentionEuropeinparagraph3?A.Togiveasuggestion. B.Todefineaconcept.C.Tomakeaprediction. D.Toclarifyafinding.14.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Milkconsumptionfunctionsasacure-all.B.Milkintakevariesfrompersontoperson.C.Milk’snutritionalvalueisbeyondimagination.D.One’smilkdigestiveabilitychangesconstantly.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheMysteryofDrinkingMilkB.TheProcessofGeneticMutationsC.ThePhenomenonofLactoseIntoleranceD.TheTechnologyofMakingMilkProducts【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，探讨了人类饮用动物奶对动物界行为的异类行为，以及乳糖不耐受现象。科学家们正在研究饮奶习惯的起源及延续的原因，并认为这项研究可能揭示食物文化和DNA的新理解。文章提到了早期的动物奶饮用证据以及饮奶技术的传播过程，以及最近的研究发现，强调了单一的营养指导可能会忽视个体差异和文化背景。〖答案〗12.D13.D14.B15.A【12题详析】细节理解题。由文章第二段“Theearliestevidenceofanimalmilkdrinkingdatesbackalmost9,000years”（饮用动物奶的最早证据可以追溯到近九千年前的现代土耳其马尔马拉海附近。）可知，第二段说明了使用牛奶作为食物是人类长久以来的传统。故选D项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“ InEurope.peopleappeartohavebeendrinkingmilkforthousandsofyearsbeforeanygeneticabilitytodrinkmilkbecamecommon.Theancientcheesemakingequipmentmightofferpartofthesolution:Fermenting(发酵)milkintoyogurt.cheese,orotherproductsreducestheamountoflactose.”（在欧洲。在喝牛奶的遗传能力变得普遍之前，人们似乎已经喝牛奶了数千年。古老的奶酪制作设备可能提供部分解决方案：将牛奶发酵成酸奶。奶酪或其他产品可以减少乳糖的含量。）以及“onerecentfindingsuggestsmilkdrinkingoccurredbeforethesemutationsandmightnotevenrequirethem.”（但最近的一项发现表明，喝牛奶发生在这些突变之前，甚至可能不需要它们。）可知作者提到欧洲是为了阐明一项研究发现。故选D项。【14题详析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Whatwedoknowaboutthehistoryofmilkrevealshowwrong-headedone-size-fits-allnutritionalguidancecanbe.”（我们对牛奶历史的了解揭示了一刀切的营养指导是多么错误。）以及“Inreality,howmilkispreparedcanchangethenutritionalpicture,andhowmuchourbodiesprocessdepends,atleastinpart.onourowngenes.”（事实上，牛奶的制备方式可以改变营养状况，而我们的身体消化多少取决于，至少部分取决于。取决于我们自己的基因。）可推知牛奶的吸收因人而异。故选B项。【15题详析】标题归纳题。根据第一段中“Whatmakesitevenstrangeristhatanestimated68percentoftheglobalhumanpopulationisactuallylactose(乳糖)intolerant.”（更奇怪的是，据估计全球68%的人口实际上患有乳糖不耐症。）、第二段中“Theearliestevidenceofanimalmilkdrinkingdatesbackalmost9,000years”（饮用动物奶的最早证据可以追溯到近九千年前的现代土耳其马尔马拉海附近。）以及最后一段中“researchershavenotyetfoundageneticmutationthatallowspeopletodigestlactose,despitethemajorroleofmilkinthatculture.Sosomescientistsheldthattheremightbeotherpotentialfactorshelping.”可知全文主要涉及“人们如何开始食用牛奶”“为何部分人乳糖不耐受”“基因突变既然不是人们能够消化牛奶的原因，那么是什么因素让人们可以吸收牛奶”等问题展开，归纳起来即为“牛奶食用之谜”。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MynameisMcKenzieSkilesandI’masnowhydrologist(水文学家)attheUniversityofUtahinSaltLakeCity.____16____Actually,thepurposeistotrackdust’simpactonwaterresources.Iammostinterestedintheimpactofwarmingtemperaturesonsnowmeltingrates,andIhavestartedstudyingsnowmeltsince2009inUtahandColorado.WhenIskiedtoresearchsitesinUtahtocollectsnowformyexperiment,themountainouslandscapeswerecoveredindust.____17____It’sclearthat2009wasoneofthebiggestyearsfordustdeposition(沉积)ontosnow.____18____Iusuallyhavetocoverseveralkilometers,carryinga27-kilogrammepackwithashovel(铲子)todigasnowhole,toolstocutsnowandmeasureitsdensity,andcontainerstocollectsnowforanalyses.Oneyear,Ihitadustyareaofsnow,brokemyskiandslicedmylegopen.Inareaswithheavydustdeposition,suchasthesouthernRockyMountains,dustspeedsupmeltingbyoneortwomonths.Warmingairtemperaturesaffectsnowgathering,butdustbuildsupovertimeanddarkensthesurface.____19____I’mnowexploringdifferenticeandsnowlandscapesforfurtherresearch.Forexample,howblack-carbonbuildupfollowingforestfiresaffectsmelting.____20____Aswemoveintoafuturethatislikelytobeevendustier,weneedthemtopredictsnowmeltformanyreasons,includingworkingouthowtousewaterinthewesternUnitedStatesefficiently.A.Thedustcausedalotoftrouble.B.Iwentformilesinthewilderness.C.Doingmyresearchisnoeasytask.D.Oneofthegoalsistodevelopsnowmeltmodels.E.InColorado,thereddustfromdesertsoilshadalsoblownin.F.Asaresult,thesnowwillabsorbmoresunlightandquickenmelting.G.Myjobistoskiinthewildernesstomeasuredustontopofsnoweachspring.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雪水文学家McKenzieSkiles的研究工作及其意义。〖答案〗16.G17.E18.C19.F20.D【16题详析】根据上文“MynameisMcKenzieSkilesandI’masnowhydrologist(水文学家)attheUniversityofUtahinSaltLakeCity.(我叫McKenzieSkiles，是盐湖城犹他大学的雪水文学家)”以及下文“Actually,thepurposeistotrackdust’simpactonwaterresources.(实际上，目的是追踪灰尘对水资源的影响)”可知，这里介绍了自己的身份和职业并指出实际上工作的目的是追踪灰尘对水资源的影响。因此，这里需要一个句子来衔接上下文，并解释自己的工作具体是什么，与G项“Myjobistoskiinthewildernesstomeasuredustontopofsnoweachspring.(我的工作是每年春天在野外滑雪，测量雪上的灰尘)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。【17题详析】根据上文“WhenIskiedtoresearchsitesinUtahtocollectsnowformyexperiment,themountainouslandscapeswerecoveredindust.(当我滑雪到犹他州的研究地点为我的实验收集雪时，山区景观被灰尘覆盖)”以及下文“It’sclearthat2009wasoneofthebiggestyearsfordustdeposition(沉积)ontosnow.(很明显，2009年是雪上灰尘沉积最多的年份之一)”可知，这句话描述了在犹他州的研究地点滑雪收集雪样时，山区景观被灰尘覆盖的情景。接下来，需要找到一个句子，它既能与上句中的描述相联系，又能为下句提供背景或证据，E项“InColorado,thereddustfromdesertsoilshadalsoblownin.(在科罗拉多州，沙漠土壤中的红色灰尘也被吹进来了)”表达的含义符合语境，故选E项。【18题详析】根据下文“Iusuallyhavetocoverseveralkilometers,carryinga27-kilogrammepackwithashovel(铲子)todigasnowhole,toolstocutsnowandmeasureitsdensity,andcontainerstocollectsnowforanalyses.(我通常要走几公里，带着一个27公斤重的包和一把铲子挖雪洞，带着削雪和测量雪密度的工具，带着收集雪进行分析的容器)”可知，此处表达的是作者的研究工作不是一件容易的事，与C项“Doingmyresearchisnoeasytask.(做我的研究绝非易事)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。【19题详析】根据上文“Warmingairtemperaturesaffectsnowgathering,butdustbuildsupovertimeanddarkensthesurface.(气温升高会影响积雪，但随着时间的推移，灰尘会堆积起来，使地表变暗)”这句话表明了两个事实：一是空气温度的升高会影响雪的积聚，二是随着时间的推移，灰尘会不断积累并使雪的表面变黑。接下来，需要找到一个合适的句子来承接这个描述，并解释灰尘使雪的表面变黑之后可能产生的后果，与F项“Asaresult,thesnowwillabsorbmoresunlightandquickenmelting.(因此，雪会吸收更多的阳光，加速融化)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。【20题详析】根据上文“I’mnowexploringdifferenticeandsnowlandscapesforfurtherresearch.Forexample,howblack-carbonbuildupfollowingforestfiresaffectsmelting.(我现在正在探索不同的冰雪景观，以便进一步研究。例如，森林火灾后黑碳的积累如何影响融化)”以及下文“Aswemoveintoafuturethatislikelytobeevendustier,weneedthemtopredictsnowmeltformanyreasons,includingworkingouthowtousewaterinthewesternUnitedStatesefficiently(随着我们进入一个可能更加尘土飞扬的未来，我们需要他们预测融雪，原因有很多，包括研究如何有效利用美国西部的水)”可知，此处表示的是作者正在探索不同的冰雪景观以进行进一步的研究，并给出了一个具体的例子，即森林火灾后黑色碳的积累如何影响融化。接下来，作者谈到了未来可能会更加多尘的环境，并强调了预测雪融化的重要性，包括如何在美国西部有效利用水资源，在这个背景下，需要找到一个句子来连接上文中关于雪融化的研究与下文中对未来环境的预测以及水资源利用的讨论，D项“Oneofthegoalsistodevelopsnowmeltmodels.(目标之一是开发融雪模型)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。第三部分语言运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Communityovensareacenturies-oldtraditionworldwide.Thereareactuallyrecordsgoingbacktothe12thcenturywhenhomeovenswerenot____21____.Thecommunityovenswereplaceswherepeoplechattedtogetherwhiletheirfoodwas____22____.Fastforwardtotoday,BrickyardBakeryhas____23____theuniqueapproach.It____24____tobakecakesforcustomersandprovidesthemwithawarmplacetostaywhiletheircakes,which____25____takefourormorehourstobake,areintheoven.It’sreportedthatduetotheincreasingcostoffuel,manyindividualscannot____26____toleavetheirovensonthatlong.OwnerEdHamilton-TrewhitttoldtheBBC,“We’ve____27____theideaofacommunityovenfromancienttimes.Peoplecan____28____theircakebase(胚)athome.But____29____beingbakedintheirownovens,itcanbe_____30_____toourbakeryforalargeamountofbaking.”“Itstruckmethatifonewas_____31_____abouttheenergycostsofbakingtheChristmascake,therewouldbelotsmoreoutthere_____32_____thesamesituation,”headded.“Inthebigpicture,itcostsmesolittlebutmakesamassive_____33_____.”Theresponsetothisattempthasbeenso_____34_____thatHamilton-Trewhitthasprovidedthe_____35_____untilrightbeforeChristmas.Afterall,that’swhatbeingagoodneighborisallabout.21.A.reliable B.available C.safe D.useful22.A.saved B.shared C.displayed D.cooked23.A.witnessed B.suggested C.adopted D.advertised24.A.offers B.fails C.declines D.happens25.A.exactly B.hardly C.typically D.occasionally26.A.afford B.wait C.fear D.refuse27.A.challenged B.explained C.removed D.reintroduced28.A.bake B.prepare C.cut D.enjoy29.A.insteadof B.regardlessof C.dueto D.asfor30.A.returned B.delivered C.sold D.lent31.A.excited B.curious C.upset D.certain32.A.accustomedto B.devotedto C.satisfiedwith D.facedwith33.A.difference B.profit C.decision D.development34.A.direct B.positive C.complex D.timely35.A.food B.fuel C.recipe D.service【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Brickyard面包店沿用了古老的社区烤箱的想法，给人们提供了可以边聊天边烤食物的服务，这也帮助节省了顾客烘烤的燃料费用。〖答案〗21.B22.D23.C24.A25.C26.A27.D28.B29.A30.B31.C32.D33.A34.B35.D【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，有记录可以追溯到12世纪，当时还没有家用烤箱。A.reliable可依靠的；B.available可用的，可获得的；C.safe安全的；D.useful有用的。根据上文中的“Communityovensareacenturies-oldtraditionworldwide.(社区烤箱是全世界有数百年历史的传统。)”和空前的“recordsgoingbacktothe12thcenturywhenhomeovenswerenot”可知，社区烤箱有上百年历史，它能追溯到12世纪，当时没有家用烤箱。故选B。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：社区烤炉是人们在烤食物时一起聊天的地方。A.saved节省；B.shared分享；C.displayed展示；D.cooked煮（或烘烤、煎炸等）。根据句中的“Thecommunityovens”和下文中的“bakecakes”可知，社区烤箱给人们提供边聊天边烤食物的场所。故选D。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：快进到今天，Brickyard面包店采用了这种独特的方法。A.witnessed目睹；B.suggested建议；C.adopted采用；D.advertised做广告。根据空后的“theuniqueapproach”和下文中的“It________tobakecakesforcustomersandprovidesthemwithawarmplacetostaywhiletheircakes,which______takefourormorehourstobake,areintheoven.”可知，Brickyard面包店采用了社区烤箱这种独特的方法。故选C。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它为顾客提供烤蛋糕的服务，并为他们提供一个可以待的温暖地方，同时让他们在烤箱里烤蛋糕，通常需要四个或更多小时。A.offers主动提出，提供；B.fails失败，未能；C.declines下降；D.happens发生。根据空后的“tobakecakesforcustomers andprovidesthemwithawarmplacetostay

”可知，Brickyard面包店为顾客提供烤蛋糕的服务。且下文“thatHamilton-Trewhitthasprovided

”也是〖提示〗。故选A。【25题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.exactly精确地；B.hardly几乎不；C.typically通常，一般；D.occasionally偶尔。根据空后的“takefourormorehourstobake”并结合常识可知，烤蛋糕通常需要四个或更多小时。故选C。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：据报道，由于燃料成本的增加，许多人无法承受烤箱开那么久。A.afford买得起，负担得起；B.wait等待；C.fear害怕；D.refuse拒绝。根据句中的“duetotheincreasingcostoffuel”可知，由于燃料成本上升，许多个人支付不起开太久烤箱的燃料费用。故选A。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们重新引入了旧时社区烤箱的想法。A.challenged向……挑战；B.explained解释；C.removed移开；D.reintroduced再次使用，重新引入。根据上文中的“Fastforwardtotoday,BrickyardBakeryhas_______theuniqueapproach.”可知，Brickyard面包店采用了社区烤箱这种古老的做法，也就是重新引入了这种传统想法。故选D。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们可以在家里准备蛋糕胚。A.bake烘烤；B.prepare准备；C.cut切，割；D.enjoy喜爱。根据空后的“theircakebase(胚)athome”和下文中的“itcanbe_______toourbakeryforalargeamountofbaking”可知，顾客可以在家准备好蛋糕胚，然后在面包店烘烤。故选B。【29题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：但不是在自己的烤箱里烤制，而是可以送到我们的面包店进行大量烘焙。A.insteadof而不是；B.regardlessof不管；C.dueto由于；D.asfor至于。“beingbakedintheirownovens”和“itcanbe___toourbakeryforalargeamountofbaking”之间是替代关系，这里是说可以在面包店大量烘焙，而不是在家里的烤箱烘焙。故选A。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.returned返回；B.delivered运载，交付；C.sold卖；D.lent借出。根据空后的“toourbakery”可知，这里表示把蛋糕胚拿到面包店里烤制。故选B。【31题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他补充道：“我突然想到，如果有人对烤圣诞蛋糕的能源成本感到烦恼，那么外面还会有更多人面临同样的情况。”A.excited兴奋的；B.curious好奇的；C.upset失望，难过，烦恼的；D.certain肯定的。根据空后的“abouttheenergycostsofbakingtheChristmascake”和上文中的“duetotheincreasingcostoffuel,manyindividualscannot______toleavetheirovensonthatlong”可知，这里表示对烤圣诞蛋糕的高昂能源成本感到烦恼。故选C。【32题详析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意参考上题。A.accustomedto习惯于；B.devotedto致力于；C.satisfiedwith满意；D.facedwith面对。根据空后的“thesamesituation”可知，这里表示有更多人面临着同样的情况。故选D。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，它花费我很少，但却产生了巨大的影响。A.difference差异，不同；B.profit利润；C.decision决定；D.development发展。结合前文提到社区烤箱不仅可以节约个人开销还可以把社区的居民集中到一起可知，这里是说社区烤箱这种服务能够产生巨大影响。makeadifference意为“起作用，有影响”。故选A。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对这一尝试的反应是如此积极，以至于Hamilton-Trewhitt一直提供这项服务，直到圣诞节前。A.direct直接的；B.positive积极的；C.complex复杂的；D.timely及时的。根据句中的“Hamilton-Trewhitthasprovidedthe________untilrightbeforeChristmas”可知，Hamilton-Trewhitt一直提供这项服务，直到圣诞节前，由此可知，人们对社区烤箱的反应非常积极。故选B。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.food食物；B.fuel燃料；C.recipe食谱；D.service服务。根据上文中的“It_______tobakecakesforcustomersandprovidesthemwithawarmplacetostaywhiletheircakes,which_______takefourormorehourstobake,areintheoven.”可知，社区烤箱是Brickyard面包店提供的烘焙服务。故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WalkingalongtheGreatWallisaonce-in-a-lifetimedreamformany,butJimSpearhastakenitonestep____36____(far),spendingthelast18yearslivinginavillagebeneaththeancientwonder.____37____68-year-old,aself-taughtarchitectfromtheUS,madethemostimportantdecisionofhislifetomovetoChinain1986,ayearbeforetheGreatWall____38____(list)asaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Today,SpearcallsMutianyuvillagehome.Inthisquietplace,____39____(locate)atthefootoftheMutianyusectionoftheGreatWall,heliveswithhisdoginahomewithacourtyardgardenhetended____40____(he).Asanarchitect,notonlydidSpearrenovate(翻新)hisowndreamhouse,____41____comeswithmultipleviewsoftheGreatWall,buthealsoexploredwaystoboostthelocalbusinessandsupportruralresidents.Overtheyears,thearchitect____42____(help)renovatearound20householdsinMutianyu,mostofwhichnowoperate____43____hotelsorrestaurants,while____44____(do)hisbesttopreservetheoriginalstructuresasmuchaspossible.In_____45_____(recognize)ofhiscontributions,SpearwasgiventheGreatWallFriendshipAwardin2014.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了建筑师JimSpear帮助改造了慕田峪的大约20户人家，为了表彰他的贡献，2014年，斯皮尔被授予“长城友谊奖”。〖答案〗36.further37.The38.waslisted39.located40.himself41.which42.hashelped43.as44.do