高考英语完型填空解题策略与技巧课件

高考英语完形填空解题策略与技巧（2015高三）完型填空考查综合运用语言的能力：1.词语辨析能力2.语法结构分析能力3.语篇理解能力4.逻辑推理能力5.文化背景透析能力6.作者意图剖析能力7.生活常识综合运用能力12Who:When:Where:What:anelderlygentleman,thenurseabusymorning,about8:30thehospitalgotoseeadoctor,inahurryforanappointmentat9:30CDB3Who:When:Where:What:I,thepilotRecentlyLasVegasattendameeting,therewouldbeaslight____beforesettingdownB456__________________________________________________________DADkeepingbloodnotice____________________78_______________________________________________________________________________Dcommunity

9_______35.A.ragB.hatC.pocketD.counter39.A.wordsB.effortC.spaceD.moneyhatmoneyBD10BC___________dogexplore11策略四了解文化背景知识，培养学生跨文化理解能力中西方的文化差异主要体现在以下几个方面：1.价值观与道德标准的差异西方人崇拜个人奋斗，尤其会为个人取得的成就而自豪，从来不掩饰自己的自信心，荣誉感以及在获得成就后的狂喜。相反，中国文化不主张炫耀个人荣誉，而是提倡谦虚。中国人反对王婆卖瓜式的自吹自擂，然而中国式的自我谦虚或自我否定却常常使西方人大为不满。“YourEnglishisverygood.”

“No,myEnglishisverypoor.”;“You’vedoneaverygoodjob.”

“No,Idon’tthinkso.It’stheresultofjointefforts.”在西方人看来，这种谦虚不仅否定了自己，也否定了赞扬者的鉴赏力。122.社会礼仪的差异中国人见面喜欢问对方姓名年龄单位及收入等。而西方人很讨厌人家问及年龄及收入。中国人路遇熟人总爱寒暄到：“吃饭了妈？”“到哪儿去？”“上班呀？”等。在我们看来这是一种有礼貌的打招呼用于，而若你跟西方人这样打招呼“Haveyouhadyourmeal?”

“Whereareyougoing?”他们则会认为你想请他吃饭或者干涉其私事，会引起误解。西方人见面，通常招呼道:“Hello!”

“Howdoyoudo!”

“It’saniceday,isn’tit?”对于别人的赞扬，中国人通常表示谦虚，并有一套谦虚之词，比如“惭愧，哪里，寒舍，拙文”等。而西方人总是高兴地回答Thankyou以表接受。中国人用“谢谢”的场合较西方人少，尤其是非常亲近的朋友或家庭成员之间不常说“谢谢”。13而西方人整天把Thankyou挂在嘴边，即使是亲朋好友和家庭成员之间也常如此。中国人收到礼物时往往放到一边，看也不看（生怕人家说贪心）。而西方人收到礼物时要当着客人的面马上打开并连声称好。中国人殷勤好客，一杯杯斟酒，一遍遍上菜，客人不吃不行，不喝也不行，使西方人觉得难以对付。而西方人的习惯是：Helpyourself,please!中国人送客人时，主人与客人常说“慢走，小心点，再见，走好啊，你们进去吧，请留步“等。而西方人只说Bye,seeyoulater,seeyounexttime,goodnight等。143.社会习俗的差异对女性的态度，美国妇女和中国妇女的地位都不高，但美国妇女却有幸能享受许多传统的骑士习俗，尊重妇女的礼节在美国社会随处可见：男士为女士开门；男士扶女士下车；在马路上，男士走外侧，女士走内侧，以便给女士提供保护；女士进餐厅时，所有的男士都要起立；餐桌前，男士要为女士拉开椅子，待女士站好了再把椅子送回女士的身后，请她就坐。15例一IwillneverforgettheyearIwasabouttwelveyearsold.Mymothertoldusthatwewouldnotbe___21_____Christmasgiftsbecausetherewasnotenoughmoney,Ifeltsadandthought,“WhatwouldIsaywhentheotherkidsaskedwhatI’d__22___?”（2010浙江卷）21.A.sendingB.receivingC.makingD.exchanging22.A.foundB.preparedC.gotD.expectedBC______________________16例二RobertMoody,52,isanexperiencedpoliceofficer.Muchofhisworkinvolvesdealingwith___16___andgang(团伙

)problemsintheschoolsofhiscommunity.Knowingthatmanykidsoften__17___trouble,hedecidedtodosomethingaboutit---(2010天津卷)16.A.drinkingB.drugC.securityD.smoking17.A.ranintoB.gotoverC.leftbehindD.lookedintoBA__________________17例三I___34___anddroppedallthecoinsintohis35hat,andhesmiledatme,Iwatchedforawhile.As__36___asitsounds,Iexpectedsomethingmoretocomefromthatmoment---afeelingof___37___orsatisfaction,forexample.(2010陕西卷)34.A.waitedB.followedC.stoppedD.arrived36.A.selfishB.awkwardC.innocentD.special37.A.happinessB.sadnessC.loveD.hate

CAA____________________________________________18策略五增强语篇知识语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群，段落，篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为“语篇标志语”。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语有firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally等；表示因果关系的有thus,therefore,so等；表示改变话题的有bytheway,onthecontrary等；表示递进关系的有besides,what’smore,further等；表示时间关系的有before,sofar,yetmeanwhile,later等；表示转折关系的but,while等。考生做题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文之间的联系。19例一

Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhandandbe40easytouse.Thethicknessofthepenisthemostimportantcharacteristic41determiningcomfort.Havingasmallhandandthickfingers,youmaybecomfortablewithathinpen.Ifyouhavea42largerhandandthickerfingers,youmay43preferafatterpen.Thelengthofapencan__44____influencecomfort.Apenthatistoo45longcaneasilyfeeltop–heavyandunstable.Then,thewritingpointofthepenshould46allowtheinktoflowevenlywhilethepenremainsintouchwiththepaper.47Thiswillmakeitpossibleforyoutocreatea48smoothlineofwriting.Thepointshouldalsobesensitiveenoughto49preventinkfromrunningwhenthepenislifted.Apointthatdoesn’tblockthe50flowmayleavedropsofink,__51___youpickthepenupandputitdownagain._______________________________________________also____________________________________________

as20___52____,thepenshouldmakeathick,darkline.Fine-linepensmay53compensatebadhandwriting,butfine,delicatelinesdonotcommand54attentionnexttoprintedtext,as,55forexampleasignatureonaprintedletter.Abroaderline,ontheotherhand,givesanimpressionofconfidenceandauthority.(2010安徽卷)44.A.hardlyB.alsoC.neverD.still51.A.soB.asC.andD.yet52.A.MeanwhileB.GenerallyC.AfterwardsD.Finally

BBD____________________________21例二WhenIfirstentereduniversity,myaunt,whoisanEnglishprofessor,gavemeanewEnglishdictionary.Iwas

36(surprised)toseethatitwasanEnglish-Englishdictionary,alsoknownasamonolingualdictionary.37_itwasadictionaryintendedfornon-nativelearners,noneofmyclassmateshadone__38__,tobehonest,Ifounditextremely39(difficult)touseatfirst.Iwouldlookupwordsinthedictionaryand_40__notfullyunderstandthemeaning,Iwasusedtothe41(familiar)bilingualdictionaries,inwhichthewordsare42(explained)bothinEnglishandChinese,Ireallywonderedwhymyaunt43(decided)tomakethingssodifficultforme.Now，afterstudyingEnglishatuniversityforthreeyears,I_44__thatmonolingualdictionariesare45(better)inlearningaforeignlanguage.(2010辽宁卷)37.A.BecauseB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.If38.A.butB.soC.orD.and40.A.thusB.evenC.stillD.again44.A.imagineB.recommendC.predictD.understandBDCD____________________________________________________________________22策略六对作者意图的理解

推测作者的意图。完形填空题的取材大多是记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章。无论记人或记事，首句至关重要，首句通常就是文章的主旨或是告诉你文章的总的背景。人物时间地点以及其他许多重要信息都可能从中得到，而且可以推测作者大概要写一个什么样的故事。如果忽略了首句，就会对下文出现的许多情节感到突然，甚至不能理解。同时，不要过多地注意某一个细节或者某一个题目；最后我们要关注文章结尾，以确定作者的写作意图或者观点。23例一Anotherperson’senthusiasmwaswhatsetmemovingtowardthesuccessIhaveachieved.Thatpersonwasmystepmother.------Thisisnottheworstboyatall,

41(but)thesmartestonewhohasn’tyetfoundanoutlet（释放的途径）forhisenthusiasm.-----...thatshebelievedthatIcouldbecomeawriter.Iknewherenthusiasm.Whatpower

53(enthusiasm)

has!Whenthatpowerisreleasedtosupportthecertaintyofone’spurposeandis54(constantly)

strengthenedbyfaith,itbecomesanirresistible（不可抗拒的）forcewhichpovertyandtemporarydefeatcannever55(match).Youcancommunicatethatpowertoanyonewhoneedsit.Thisisprobablythegreatestworkyoucandowithyourenthusiasm.(2010江苏卷)24例二

Behindourhouseisthestartofafascinatingtrail(小径).Thistrailisoneoftheoldroadsthatwindthroughuntoldmilesofforest.My36dog,Beans,

andIwalkthetrailfrequently.

Normally,Beanssniffsalongsidethetrailtofollowthesmellofadeertrackor37exploresomecauseknownonlytohim.

...Soonitbecame42apparentthatweweregettingnowhere.Ibegantopicturetherestofthedayinthe43forest,withoutfoodordrink.Wehadwalkedabouttenmiles.ButBeansseemedtotally

44unconcerned.Thesniffingandexploringwasgoingwellforhim.25Finally,we45cametoacrossroadnearahighway.LadyLuck

suggestedIshouldturnleft.Wedidand46shortlyreachedacottagebesideafield.Iknockedonthedoorandexplainedmysituationtoanoldman.Helaughedandthendroveushome.

Sinceouradventure,I

47concluded

thatBeansprobablyknewallalonghowtogethome.

Hewasjusthavingtoomuchfunexploringnewtrails.(2010湖南卷)

26例三Amanwhoknowshowtowriteapersonalletterhasaverypowerfultool.Alettercanbeenjoyed,readand21reread.Itcansetupawarmconversationbetweentwopeoplefarapart(远离的);itcankeepa22promisewithverylittleeffort.

Iwillgive23anexample.Afewyearsagomyolderbrotherandlwerenotgetting24along.Wehadbeencloseas25children

buthadgrownapart------Itmightneverhaveoccurredto36mybrothertowritemeifhehadnotbeeninaplacewheretherewereno37phones.Forhim,writingwasanecessity.Italsoturnedouttobethebestwayforustogetbackintouch.

Becauseweliveinanageof

38easy

communication,peopleoften

39forget

thattheydon’talwayshavetophoneoremail.Theyhavea

40choice.Andthatistowrite.(2010全国卷2)27

策略七体会作者对人物或事情的态度考生在阅读文章的时候，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映作者态度的标志性词汇或句子。作者在写作的过程中，难免会夹杂自己的情感，因此在做题的过程中，考生要仔细体会作者对所描述的人物或者发生的事件的态度，这样将有助于确定正确的答案。28【典例1】Abouttwentyminutesintotheadventure，theentireairplanebecamevery30（quiet).

Therewasnowasenseofanxietyandfearthatcouldbe31

(clearly)

noticed．Everypassengersimplyheldonfordearlife…exceptone.A

32(baby)

washavingagoodtime!Witheachbumpofthe33(airplane)!

hewouldletoutagiggle(咯咯的笑)ofdelightAsIobservedthis，I34(realized)

thathedidn’tknowhewassupposedtobeafraidandworriedabouthis35(safety)

Heneither

thoughtaboutthepastnoraboutthefutureThosearewhatwegrown—upshavelearnedfrom

36(experience).

Hewas37(enjoying)

theride

becausehehadnotyetbeentaughttofearit.Having

understoodthis,Itookadeepbreathand

38

(sat)backintomyseat,pretendingIwas

39(really)

onarollercoaster.Ismiledfortherestoftheflight.Ieven

40(managed)

to

giggle

onceortwice,muchtothechagrin(随恼)ofthemansittingnexttomeholdingtheairsicknessbag.(2010.四川卷)29【典例2】Mrs.Neidl's

43

（motto）thatyearwas,"Tryit.Wecanalwayspaintoverit

44(later)

!"Ibegantotake

45(risks)

.Ihadbeensoafraidoffailingbutsuddenlytherewasnofailing--onlythingstobe

46

(improved)

upon.Ilearnedtodipmybrushintothepaintand

47

(confidently)

createsomething.Theshy,quietfreshmanachievedsuccessthatyear.Iwas48(recognized)

intheprogramas"StudentArtAssistant"becauseofthetimeandeffortI'dputin.ItwasthatyearthatI

49

(realized)Iwantedtospendtherestofmylifedoingstagedesign.

Beingonthatstage-designteam

50(with)

Mrs.Neidlchangedmecompletely.NotonlywasIstrongerandmorecompetentthanIhadthought,butIalso51(discovered)

astronginterestandaworldIhadn'tknownexisted.Shetaughtmenotto52

(care)

whatpeoplethinkIshoulddo:Shetaughtmetotakechancesandnotbe

53(afraid)

.Mrs.NeidlwasmycomforterwhenIwasupset.Her

54

(trust)

inmehasinspiredmetodothingsthatIneverimagined

55(possible)

..(2010.北京卷)30【典例2】Mrs.Neidl's

43

（motto）thatyearwas,"Tryit.Wecanalwayspaintoverit

44(later)

!"Ibegantotake

45(risks)

.Ihadbeensoafraidoffailingbutsuddenlytherewasnofailing--onlythingstobe

46

(improved)

upon.Ilearnedtodipmybrushintothepaintand

47

(confidently)

createsomething.

Theshy,quietfreshmanachievedsuccessthatyear.Iwas48(recognized)

intheprogramas"StudentArtAssistant"becauseofthetimeandeffortI'dputin.ItwasthatyearthatI

49

(realized)Iwantedtospendtherestofmylifedoingstagedesign.

Beingonthatstage-designteam

50(with)

Mrs.Neidlchangedmecompletely.NotonlywasIstrongerandmorecompetentthanIhadthought,butIalso51(discovered)

astronginterestandaworldIhadn'tknownexisted.Shetaughtmenotto52

(care)

whatpeoplethinkIshoulddo:Shetaughtmetotakechancesandnotbe

53(afraid)

.Mrs.NeidlwasmycomforterwhenIwasupset.Her

54

(trust)

inmehasinspiredmetodothingsthatIneverimagined

55(possible)

..(2010.北京卷)31得分点一连词的选择连词一般用来表示原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等关系。表示原因的连词：because,since,as,nowthat等；表示转折和让步的连词：but,thought,although,whoever,whatever等；表示时间顺序的连词：when,while,as,after,before,since,until,assoonas,once等；表示目的连词：sothat,inorderthat等；表示条件的连词：if,supposing(that),unless,incase,so(as)longas等。在高考完型中对于连词的选择考生往往要注意前后句子之间的逻辑关系及句子本身的结构。32Someindividualsfindadventureinthesimplestforms.Forexample,ifyouhaveneverbeenoutofyourowncountryandyoudecidetotourEurope,guesswhat!Youareengaginginadventurousactivity!Conversely,somepeopleconsideradventureassomethingthatincreasestheadrenalinandarenothappy__20__theygoskydivingorbungeejumping!Again,anyformofadventureisgoodaslongastheadventuretravelpursuedremainswithinthecomfortzoneoftheindividual.

20.A.unlessB.sinceC.beforeD.becauseA33(典例2)Talentbetweenthetwo?Probablythesame.Levelofeducation?Notmuchdifference.ButtheStranglersstrangled,_______theWranglersweredeterminedtogiveeachotheralift.TheStranglerspromotedanatmosphereofargumentandself\|doubt.TheWranglershighlightedthebest,nottheworst.A.although B.ifC.because D.whileD34得分点二介词的选择介词和介词短语在高考完型填空中不是经常考查的重点，但在2011年各地高考试题中还是有所体现。选项中的四个不同的介词或者介词短语没有紧密的联系，选择它们需要借助于固定搭配或着前后文的语境。例1Ifwehaddonenothing,ifweallowedourselvesto"staydown",thenwewouldhavefailed.Butwemadethechoicetolearnfromouroffers,andwemovedfor-ward_______moredetermination.Thatquotemistakesamuchbetterviewpointonfailure—achanceforafreshstart!Themostimportantpointhereis"choice"becauseyoudecidehowyouviewyourfailure,youdecideifyoustaydown.A.with B.of C.at D.fromA35例2Evenwhenpassingthroughtheroughestperiodofourlife,wecanturnitinourfavorbyhardandrighteouswork.Nogooddeedgoes______beingpaidoffanditdoeshavethepowerofchangingthefortunes.Forexample,ifonehasworkedfor20hoursinaweek,theemployerwillpayfor20hours.Similarlyifwearewalkingonthepathofpositivitywithgreatfaithinthelife,performingourdeeds,we’llbepaidoff.

A.off B.out C.on D.withoutD36得分点三代词的选择完形填空对代词的考查并不多见，但是在2011各地的高考试题中却出现了考查代词在具体的语境中的应用的题目。代词的考查主要集中在人称代词和不定代词上。1.人称代词的用法（1）人称代词的主格在句子中做主语或者主语补足语。如：

Johnwaitedforawhile,buteventuallyhewenthome.注意在复合句中，如果主语和从句的主语相同，代词作的主语要用在从句中，名词作的主语用在主句中。如：Whenhearrived,Johnwentstraighttothebank.(2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作动词宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补足语，还可以做主语。如：Isawherwiththem,andatleastIthoughtitwasher.372.指示代词的用法（1）指示代词分单数（this/that）和复数(these/those)两种形式，既可作限定词又可作代词。

(2)指示代词在作主语时，既可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物不能指人。如：

Heisgoingtomarrythisgirl.(3)that和those可作定语从句的先行词，但是this和these

不能。同时，只有those可指人。如：

Headmiredthatwhichlookedbeautiful.383.不定代词的用法不定代词是指all,each,every,both,either,neither,none,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,no等以及由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词。【典例1】Mostpeoplegivelittlethoughttothepenstheywritewith,especiallysincetheprintersinmodernhomesandofficesmeanthatvery____36____thingsarehandwriting.(2010安徽)36．A.manyB.fewC.pleasantD.importantB39【典例2】Then,thewritingpointofthepenshould46(allow)theinktofollowevenlywhilethepenremainsintouchwiththepape