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Usinglanguage-GrammarUnit4BreakingboundariesLookatthesentencesandanswerthequestions.Sentences(a)and(c)
arefromthereadingpassage.P5411.Whatdoes“it”refertoinsentences(a)and(c)?2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthesentencesineachgroup?Whydoestheauthorchoosetousesentences(a)and(c)insteadof(b)and(d)?Nowlookformoresentencesusingitasanemptysubjectinthereadingpassage,andsummariseitsuseinyourownwords.“It”canbeusedinthesubjectpositiontostandfor.aninfinitiveformThefirstsentencesineachgroupuse“it”asanemptysubjectatthebeginningofthesentences.Thereasonwhysentences(a)and(c)arechosenisthatthesentencesarekeptbalancedandthekeyinformationofthesentencesisemphasised.Focuson基本概念
含义类型常见句型ItasanemptysubjectIt作形式主语含义it作为形式主语,代替句子的逻辑主语,并无实际词义。这可以保持句子的结构平衡,避免主语太长,显得头重脚轻。例句中,it指代不定式tocollaborate…。Inaworldstillfacingsomanyproblems,tocollaboratetocreateaglobalcommunitywithasharedfutureofpeaceandprosperity
isabsolutelyessentialforusall.Inaworldstillfacingsomanyproblems,it
isabsolutelyessentialforusalltocollaboratetocreateaglobalcommunitywithasharedfutureofpeaceandprosperity.类型一、it代表不定式it作为形式主语可以分为三种情况:二、it代表动名词三、it代表从句it代表不定式,又可以分为四种类型:①Itisdifficult
totranslatethebook.②Itisimportant
tounderstandtherules.
③Itishelpful
tostudyChinese.翻译这本书很难。理解规则很重要。学习中文很有用。(1)It+be+形容词+不定式一、it代表不定式(2)It+be+名词+不定式①Itismyhonour
tohelpyou.②Itwasherduty
tocleantheroom.③Itisapleasure
tohavebeenworkingwithyouinthepastweek.帮助你是我的荣幸。打扫房间是她的职责。过去一周能跟你共事是一种享受。(3)It+be+介词短语+不定式①Itwasagainstmyprinciple
todothat.②Itwasbeyondmyability
tofinishthejobontime.(4)It+及物动词+宾语+不定式①It
cost150yuan
tobuythedress.②It
takesme30minutes
togettoschooleveryday.这么做是违背我原则的。按时完成这项工作超出了我的能力范围。买这条裙子花了我150元。我每天上学要花30分钟。二、it代表动名词(1)it代表动名词,以“be+形容词”作谓语。①Itis
pleasant
sittinghere.②It
isgood
hearingEnglishspoken.③Itis
terriblytiring
workinglatelikethis.听到人讲英语,我很高兴。这样干到深夜是非常累人的。坐在这儿真舒服。①Itisgreatfun
sailingaboat.②It
is
nouse
cryingforspiltmilk.③Ithasbeen
agreathonour
yourcomingtovisitus.覆水难收。你来看望我们是极大荣幸。扬帆驾舟十分有趣。(2)it代表动名词,以“be+名词”作谓语。三、it代表从句it代表从句,具体可以分为四种类型:①Itisclear
thathetoldalie.②Itis
naturalthatsheknowseverythingaboutit.③Itwas
surprising
thatshepassedthedifficultexam.她什么都知道很正常。很明显他说谎了。(1)It+be+形容词+从句真让人惊讶,她通过了这次有难度的考试。①Itisapity
thatyoucan'tcome.②Itis
aquestion
howhedidit.他是怎么做的还是个问题。你不能来太遗憾了。(2)It+be+名词+从句①It
issaid
thatheisfriendly.②It
isreported
thatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.(3)It+动词的被动语态
+从句据说,他很友好。据报告近日气温将明显下降。①It
maybe/seems
thatheviewstheissuefromadifferentperspective.②It
mayseem
thatyou’rewastingyourlifeaway.(4)It+be/其他系动词+从句他似乎从不同的角度看待这个问题。似乎你是在浪费生命。常见句型it作为形式主语的常见句型:(1)Itisclear/obvious/true/possible/certain/…that…(2)Itisimportant/necessary/right/strange/natural/…that…(should)do…Itisobviousthathe’slate.Itisnecessarythatyoudoenoughexercisesbeforetherace.(3)Itissaid/reported/learnt/…that…Itisreportedthataseven-year-oldgirlwonthegame.(4)Itissuggested/ordered/required/…that...(should)do...Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.(5)Itisapity
/shame/…that…Itisapitythatyoudidn’tseesuchagoodfilm.(6)Ithappens/seems/looks/appears/…that…IthappensthatIknowhim.(7)Itdoesn’tmatterwhether/if…Itdoesn’tmatterifyoumissthebus,becausethere’sanotherone15minuteslater.(8)Itlooks/seemsasif…Itlooksasifheiswrong.(9)It+be+adj.
+ofsb+todo…It+be+adj.+forsb+todo...①Itiskindof
you
tothinksomuchofus.②It'sniceofyoutohelpme.③It'sdangerousforustoswiminsuchdeeppool.④It'snecessaryforustostudyhard.形容词为描述人品质及性格特征的词。常用的形容词有clever/foolish/good/nice/polite/kind等。形容词为描述事物特征的词,常用的形容词有difficult/important/easy/hard/necessary/impossible/dangerous等。(11)It+be+awasteoftimedoing…Itis
awaste
of
time
arguing
with
her.
(12)Itis/wasnogood/usedoing…It
isno
good
wasting
time
here.
(13)Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing…It
is
worth
tryingto
use
new
technologyineducation.(10)Ittakes…(sometime)todo…Ittookusthreehours
togetthere.Rewritetheunderlinedparts
usingit
asanemptysubject.P54itisnolongerquitesodifficultforwomenandminoritiestogetrolesinAmericanfilmandtelevision.itisnowamorerealistichopeforminorityactorstobecomealeadingactorinHollywood.itismorecommonthanbeforeforwomentowriteanddirectHollywoodfilms.itisseenasacceptablebyfilmstudiostocastwhiteactorsasAsiancharacters.Checkyouranswers:
2Describethecityusingtheinformationprovidedandit
asanemptysubject.Beijingtodayismulticultural.Itisnotasurprisingthingforstudentstosee...Possibleanswer:
P553Beijingtodayismulticultural.Itisnotasurprisingthingforstudentstosee
differentskincoloursinthesameclass.Itispossibleforpeopletohearmanydifferentlanguagesanddialects.Itiseasyforpeopletofindproductsfromallovertheworld.Itisnotdifficultforforeignerstosettledownandfindajob.Itisacommonthingforpeoplefromdifferentcountriestowork
inthesamecompany.LikeBeijing,lotsofcitiesaremulticultural.Wehavemadesomeeffortstofightagainstgenderandracialdiscrimination(歧视)andourworldisbecomingmoreinclusive(范围广泛的)andopentopeopleofallages,racesandbothgenders.Describeoneofthefollowingcitiesusingitasanemptysubjectwhereappropriate.Doonlineresearchifnecessary.P554TorontoShanghaiLondonSydney直击高考1.Everyweekendthisis"Wales"premiercomedyclubwherehavingagreattimeistheorderforbothaudiencesandcomedystarsalike.______ishard_________(name)acomedystarwhohasn'tbeenonthestagehere.(2022•全国甲卷•阅读理解A)2.Itis___________(calculate)thatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(2022•全国乙卷•阅读理解C)calculatedIttoname直击高考3._____isourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.(2021•新高考I卷•阅读理解D)4.It__________(happen)thattheplantdowntownneededeightkidsfortemporaryhelpduringourspringbreak,forwhichIhadnoplansbeyondlisteningtomyfavoriterecords.(2021•新高考I卷•完形填空)5._____isnotaproblemwhetherwecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.(2020•江苏卷•单项填空)happenedItIt
含义
类型it作为形式主语,代替句子的逻辑主语,并无实际词义。这可以保持句子的结构平衡,避免主语太长,显得头重脚轻。it作形式主语
It指代不定式
It指代动名词
It指代从句
常见句型(1)Itisclear/obvious/true/possible/certain/…that…(2)Itisimportant/necessary/right/strange/natural/…that… (should)do…(3)Itissaid/reported/learnt/…that…(4)Itissuggested/ordered/required/…that...(should)do...(5)Itisapity
/shame/…that…(6)Ithappens/seems/looks/appears/…that…(7)Itdoesn’tmatterwhether/if…(8)Itlooks/seemsasif…(9)Itis+adj.
+ofsb
+todo…/It+be+adj.+forsb+todo(10)Ittakes…(sometime)todo(11)It+be+awasteoftimedoing…(12)Itis/wasnogood/usedoing…(13)Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing…Ⅰ.用适当的内容或括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Itisimpossible______(get)therebyboat.2.Theyaregoodfriends.______isnowonderthattheyknoweachotherverywell.3._____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.4.Itseemed________hedidn’ttellthetruth.5.Ittooktheworkersalmostthreeyears________(build)thestation.6.Itisuncertain__________hecancometo
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