高中英语Unit 9 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language课件

UNIT

9

HUMAN

BIOLOGYSection

Ⅱ

Learning

About

Language1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。（语言能力）2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化单词、短语和句式,并学以致用。（学习能力）3.通过对教材的理解,学会运用完成时。（语言能力）1.__________

n.（完成困难事情的）能力；才能→________

adj.有能力的；有才能的capabilitycapable2._________

vt.计算；核算→__________

n.计算；估计→__________

n.计算器calculatecalculationcalculator3._________

n.物理学家→________

n.物理学→________

adj.身体的；肉体的physicistphysicsphysical4._________

vi.&

vt.革新；创新；改革→

__________n.革新；创新

→__________

adj.革新的；创新的innovateinnovationinnovative5.__________

adv.人为地；虚假地→________

adj.人造的；假的artificiallyartificial6.___________n.比较→____________adj.比较的→_________v.比较；对比；与……类似（或相似）comparisoncomparativecompare7._______adv.完全地→_______

adj.全部的；整体的；完全的whollywhole8.________

adj.准确的；正确的→_________n.精确；准确→__________

adj.不准确的accurateaccuracyinaccurate9._________n.诊疗；治疗；疗法；对待方式→_____

v.对待；看待treatmenttreat10.______adj.仅仅；只不过；极小的；极不重要的

→_______

adv.仅仅；只不过meremerely11.________

n.福气；幸运

→______

v.祝福；祝圣→________adj.神圣的；有福的；愉快安宁的blessingblessblessed构词规律v.+-tion→n.v.+-ing→n.calculation

n.计算innovation

n.革新；创新blessing

n.福气；幸运painting

n.油画1.be

bound

to

________________一定会；一定要2.a

large

number

of

______大量3.take

care

of

______照顾4.be

crucial

for

____________________对……来说至关重要1.The

first

successfully

cloned

animal

was

a

sheep

named

Dolly

in

1996.（动词-ed形式作后置定语）翻译

第一只成功克隆的动物是1996年的克隆羊多莉。仿写

The

company___________________________

is

facing

a

serious

financial

crisis.这家由5个小工厂组成的公司正面临着严重的财务危机。made

up

of

5

small

factories2.They

were

the

first-ever

primates

（the

order

of

mammals

which

include

apes,

monkeys,

and

humans）

to

have

been

cloned!（动词不定式作后置定语）翻译

它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物（哺乳动物的一个类别,包括猿、猴子和人类）!仿写

My

mother

is

the

first

woman

in

her

village

_______________________.我母亲是她村里第一位接受高等教育的女性。to

receive

high

education3.Whilesome

people

believe

it

is

crucial

for

scientific

advancement,

others

raise

moral

concerns.（while引导让步状语从句）翻译

虽然有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要,但是也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。仿写

___________________________________________________________,

they

also

give

us

beneficial

vitamin

D.虽然太阳光会老化和伤害我们的皮肤,但是它们也能给我们提供有益的维生素D。While/Although/Though

the

sun's

rays

can

age

and

harm

our

skin核

心

单

词知识点1

justify

vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由

＊justified

adj.（做某事）有正当理由的

＊just

adj.公正的；合理的

adv.只是；仅仅；刚才（牛津词典）How

can

they

justify

paying

such

huge

salaries?他们怎能证明付这么大笔薪金是正当的呢？justify

（doing）

sth

证明……（做）某事是正当的justify...to...

向……证明……是合理的be

justified

in

doing...

有理由做某事How

could

teachers

justify

spending

so

much

time

on

outdoor

activities?教师们该如何证明花费大量时间在户外运动上是合理的呢？He

tried

to

justify

his

absence

with

lame

excuses.他试图用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。融会应用

单句填空（1）How

will

you

justify

this

pay

cut

___your

employees?to（2）The

decision

is________（justify）

on

the

grounds

that

there

is

no

realistic

alternative.justified（3）He

is

fully

justified

in

______（do）

so.doing知识点2

calculate

vt.计算；核算

＊calculation

n.计算；推测

＊calculator

n.计算器（牛津词典）Use

the

formula

to

calculate

the

volume

of

the

container.用公式计算容器的容积。calculate

on

（doing）

sth

指望或依靠（做）某事It

is

calculated

that...

据估算……be

calculated

to

do

sth

打算做某事；可能做某事Mothers'

devotion

to

children

can

hardly

be

calculated母亲对孩子的奉献几乎无法计算。融会应用Ⅰ.单句填空（1）We

can't

calculate

____

good

weather

for

the

barbecue.on（2）This

advertisement

is

calculated

_________（attract）

the

attention

of

housewives.to

attract（3）By

his

__________（calculate）,

it

could

save

airlines

hundreds

of

millions

of

dollars

a

year.calculation（4）It

has

been

__________（calculate）

that

the

loss

from

the

earthquake

is

likely

to

be

more

than

a

hundred

million

dollars.calculatedⅡ.单句写作（5）（2023·福建宁德期末）__________________

the

population

of

China

is

more

than

1.4

billion.据估算中国人口已超过14亿。It

is

calculated

that知识点3

participant

n.参加者；参与者

＊participation

n.参加；参与

＊participate

vi.参加；参与（牛津词典）He

has

been

an

active

participant

in

the

discussion.他一直积极参与这次讨论。participate

in

（doing）

sth

with

sb

与某人一起参加/参与（做）某事participate

with

sb

in

sth

与某人分担某事We

encourage

anyone

to

participate

in

the

singing

competition

and

the

participant

who

wins

will

be

given

a

gift

as

a

reward

for

the

participation．我们鼓励任何人参加歌唱比赛，获胜者将获得一份礼品作为参赛奖励。participate

是不及物动词，常与in构成搭配，同义短语有join

in、take

part

in等。融会应用Ⅰ.单句填空（1）Everyone

in

the

class

is

expected

to

actively

participate

___these

discussions.in（2）She

participated_____

her

friends

in

their

sufferings.with（3）We

were

very

pleased

with

the

high

level

of

____________（participate）

in

the

charity

events.participationⅡ.单句写作（4）（2023·河南信阳一中月考）Knowing

that

you

have

an

appetite

for

Chinese

culture,

I

sincerely__________________________________________________________.得知你喜欢中国文化,

我真诚邀请你参加这个演讲比赛。invite

you

to

participate

in/join

in/take

part

in

the

speech

contest知识点4

serve

vi.&

vt.（为……）工作；服务；履行义务；尽职责；（给某人）提供；端上

＊service

n.（对顾客的）接待；服务；公共服务系统；公共事业

＊serving

n.（供一个人吃的）一份食物（P51）A

person's

life

is

limited

but

serving

the

people

is

limitless.人的生命是有限的，但是为人民服务是无限的。serve

sb

with

sth

为某人提供某物serve

sth

to

sb=serve

sb

sth

给某人端上；用……招待某人serve

as

用作；当作；充当If

I

am

lucky

enough

to

be

elected,

I

will

make

every

effort

to

serve

the

students

and

our

club.如果我有幸当选，我将尽最大努力为学生和社团服务。There

has

been

a

recent

trend

in

the

food

service

industry

toward

lower

fat

content

and

less

salt.最近在食品服务行业出现了低脂肪和少盐的趋势。融会应用Ⅰ.单句填空（1）This

is

often

appreciated

since

at

a

housewarming

（乔迁庆宴）there

isn't

a

lot

of

food

_______

（serve）．served（2）She

showed

me

into

the

front

room,

which

served

___

her

office.as（3）Don't

eat

something

you

don't

want

to

eat,

but

don't

offend

the

people

who

served

it

___

you.toⅡ.单句写作（4）Theory

is

based

on

practice

and_____________________.理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。in

turn

serves

practice知识点5

comparison

n.比较；对比

＊compare

vt.

比较；将……比作（P52）In

comparison

with

other

species,

cloning

primates

has

proved

to

be

“much

harder”,

and

doing

so

with

non-reproductive

cells

was

even

more

complicated.与其他的物种相比,克隆灵长类动物被证明要“困难得多”,而使用非生殖细胞克隆则更为复杂。by

comparison

比较起来；相比之下by/in

comparison

（with

sb/sth）

（与……）相比较compare

to/with

...和……相比compare...to...

把……比作……compare...with...

把……和……比较这很难与她以前的书相比——两者是截然不同的。They

were

living

rather

well,

in

comparison

with

people

elsewhere

in

the

world.和世界上其他地方的人相比，他们生活得相当好。It

is

difficult

to

make

a

comparison

with

her

previous

book—they

are

completely

different.融会应用

单句填空（1）We

also

like

to

compare

young

people

___flowers,

as

they

are

full

of

vigor

and

new

ideas.to（2）Those

places

are

modern

______comparison

with

the

countryside.by/in（3）We

carefully

compared

the

first

report

_____the

second.with知识点6

devote

v.把……献（给）

；把……用于；专心于；奉献

＊devoted

adj.忠实的；深爱的

＊devotion

n.奉献；关爱（P52）Dr

Sun

Qiang,

director

of

the

research

team,

said

they

had

been

wholly

devoted

to

the

research

and

had

been

taking

care

of

more

than

1,000

monkeys

24

hours

a

day,

7

days

a

week

for

more

than

5

years.研究小组的负责人孙强博士说，他们全身心地投入到研究中，5年多来每周7天，每天24小时照看1000多只猴子。devote...to

（doing）

sth

把……献给/用于（做）某事devote

oneself

to=be

devoted

to

献身于；专心致力于Indeed,

his

slim

but

strong

body

is

just

like

that

of

millions

of

Chinese

farmers，

to

whom

he

has

devoted

his

life.事实上，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。Your

faithful

devotion

is

one

of

your

best

qualities,

but

be

careful

not

to

become

too

dependent

on

others.你的忠实奉献是你最美好的品质之一，但要注意不要过分依赖别人。融会应用Ⅰ.单句填空（1）His

_________（devote）

to

the

cause

of

education

is

well-known.devotion（2）Zhong

Nanshan

has

been

devoted

___China's

medical

care

all

his

life.to（3）Neighbors

devoted

their

spare

time

to

________（help）

others

rebuild.helpingⅡ.单句写作（4）（2023·安徽蚌埠模拟）____________________________________

your

spoken

English，

the

more

fluent

it

will

become.你用来练习英语口语的时间越多，你的英语口语就会越流利。The

more

time

you

devote

to

practicing知识点7

suit

v.适合

n.西服；套装

＊suitable

adj.

适合的；适宜的（P53）With

this

technology,

we

have

the

potential

to

raise

a

large

number

of

monkeys

with

identical

genes

in

a

short

amount

of

time,

and

we

can

even

change

their

genes

to

suit

research

needs.有了这项技术,我们就有可能在短时间内培育大量基因相同的猴子,甚至可以改变它们的基因,以适应研究需要。be

suitable

for

适合……be

suitable

to

do

sth

适合做某事It

suits

sb

to

do

sth.对某人来说，最好做某事。Please

make

a

suit

to

my

measure.请按照我的尺寸做一套西服。suit“适合；适宜”,指衣服颜色、样式适合某人,还可指合乎需要、口味、地位、条件等。另外,用于比喻意义时多用suitfit“适合；合身”,指大小、尺寸、形状等合适,引申为“吻合；协调”match“适合；和……匹配”,多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配,含有“与之相匹配”之意融会应用Ⅰ.用fit、suit、match的适当形式填空（1）Though

the

style

doesn't

_____me,

I

want

to

take

this

jacket

because

it

____

me

well

and

________

my

trousers.suitfitsmatchesⅡ.单句填空（2）I

think

___suits

me

to

start

work

at

a

later

time.it（3）This

book,

written

in

simple

English,

is

________（suit）

for

beginners.suitable知识点8

treatment

n.诊治；治疗；疗法；对待方式

＊treat

v.治疗；对待；款待

n.款待；招待（P53）This

could

help

save

research

time,

reduce

the

number

of

animals

required

for

testing,

produce

more

accurate

results,

and

lead

to

more

effective

treatments.这有助于节省研究时间,减少实验所需动物的数量,使实验结果更准确、治疗方法更有效。treat

sb

as...

把某人当……看待treat

sb

with...

用……对待某人treat

sth

seriously

认真对待某事物treat

sb/oneself

to

用……款待某人/自己It's

my

treat.

我请客。Since

the

epidemic

ended，scientists

have

been

doing

trials

on

treatments

to

prevent

any

future

outbreaks.自从疫情结束以来，科学家们就一直在进行治疗方面的试验以预防任何未来的（疫情）暴发。Treat

other

people

in

the

manner

that

you

wish

them

to

treat

you.你希望别人怎样对待你，你就怎样对待别人。融会应用

单句写作（1）—Did

you

enjoy

the

party?你喜欢这个聚会吗?—Yes.

We

________________by

our

hosts.是的,我们受到了主人的盛情款待。were

treated

well（2）I'll

_________________at

the

restaurant

in

front

of

our

school.我将请你在我们学校前面的餐馆吃午饭。treat

you

to

lunch（3）Let's

go

out

for

lunch

after

work—____________.下班后咱们到外面去吃午餐吧——我请客。it's

my

treat知识点9

crucial

adj.至关重要的；关键性的

＊crucially

adv.至关重要地；关键性地（P53）While

some

people

believe

it

is

crucial

for

scientific

advancement,

others

raise

moral

concerns.虽然有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但是也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。be

crucial

to/for

sth

对某事而言是至关重要的a

crucial

decision/issue/factor

关键性的决定/问题/因素It

is

crucial

that...

……是极其重要的at

the

crucial

moment

在紧要关头crucially

important

极其重要The

conservation

of

tropical

forests

is

of

crucial

importance.保护热带森林是至关重要的。融会应用

单句填空（1）It

is

crucial

_____

the

problem

should

be

tackled

immediately.that（2）This

aid

money

is

crucial

______

the

government's

economic

policies.to/for知识点10

concern

n.担心；关心；重要的事情

vt.使担忧；涉及；关系到

＊concerned

adj.担心的；关注的

＊concerning

prep.

关于；就……而言（P53）While

some

people

believe

it

is

crucial

for

scientific

advancement,

others

raise

moral

concerns.虽然有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但是也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。show

concern

for...

对……关切；关心It

concerns/concerned

sb

that...

令某人担忧的是……as/so

far

as...be

concerned

关于；至于；就……而言be

concerned

about/for

关心；担忧；挂念be

concerned

with

牵涉到；与……有关；关心As

far

as

I

am

concerned,

the

public

are

showing

more

and

more

concern

for

education.

So

the

books

concerning

academics

are

popular

with

them.

But

it

concerns

me

that

the

health

of

the

young

is

in

bad

condition

now,

which

is

worrying.在我看来，公众越来越关心教育。因此，有关学术的书籍受到他们的欢迎。但我担心的是，现在年轻人的健康状况很差，这是令人担忧的。融会应用

单句填空（1）As

far

as

technology

____________（concern）,we

believe

we

are

among

the

best

in

the

world.is

concerned（2）He

asked

several

questions

___________（concern）

the

future

of

the

company.concerning（3）More

and

more

people

show

great

concern

____road

safety.for（4）What

_________（concern）

me

is

our

lack

of

preparation

for

the

change.concerns知识点11

abuse

vt.

滥用；妄用；虐待

n.

滥用；虐待（P53）Finally,

they

worry

that

some

organisations

may

abuse

the

technology

for

unethical

purposes.最后,他们担心某些组织可能会出于不道德的目的滥用该技术。abuse

one's

power/privilege/position

滥用某人的权力/特权/职权alcohol

abuse

酗酒child

abuse

虐待儿童a

stream

of

abuse一通大骂What

she

did

was

an

abuse

of

her

position

as

manager.她的所作所为是滥用经理职权。融会应用

单句写作（1）___________________________

will

bring

our

offspring

a

terrible

future.滥用能源会给我们的子孙后代带来可怕的未来。Abusing

energy/Energy

abuse（2）According

to

the

new

law,

parents

are

not

allowed

________________

in

the

family.根据新的法律，家长不允许在家中虐待儿童。to

abuse

children短

语

句

式知识点12

more

than超过；不止；不仅仅；多于（P52）After

Dolly,

scientists

have

cloned

more

than

20

mammal

species,

including

camels,

cattle,

deer,

dogs,

goats

and

mice.继多莉之后,科学家已经克隆了20多种哺乳动物,包括骆驼、牛、鹿、狗、山羊和老鼠。more

than+数词,表示“超过；多于”,相当于overmore

than+形容词,表示“很；非常”more...than...

比……更；与其说……不如说……no

more

than+名词或基数词,表示“不过；仅仅；只有”（侧重数量少）not

more

than+基数词,表示“至多；不超过”less

than

少于other

than

除了；不同于rather

than

而不是The

mother

panda

has

taken

care

of

the

young

panda

for

more

than

two

years.熊猫妈妈照顾这只小熊猫不止两年。融会应用Ⅰ.写出下列句中more

than的含义（1）There

are

more

than

5

hospitals

in

the

small

town.____________超过；多于（2）We

are

more

than

glad

to

see

you

here.

__________很；非常（3）George

is

more

intelligent

than

aggressive.______________________与其说……不如说……（4）Tom

is

more

than

my

brother；

he

is

also

my

good

friend.________不仅仅Ⅱ.单句写作（5）____________________

was

burnt

in

the

fire.不止一间房屋在火灾中被烧毁。More

than

one

house（6）He

is

_____________

an

ordinary

policeman.他只不过是一名普通的警察。no

more

than（7）The

site

now

has

_____________________________

worldwide.现在这一网站在全球拥有一百多万名会员。more

than

one

million

members知识点13

lead

to引起；导致；通向（P52）This

has

led

to

questions

such

as,

“Will

this

be

a

major

issue

for

all

cloned

animals?”

“Will

it

continue

to

happen

forever?”.这引发了一些疑问，例如：“这会是所有克隆动物的主要问题吗?”“这个问题会永远持续下去吗?”lead

sb

to

do

sth

使某人做某事lead

sb

to+地点

把某人领到某地lead

sb

by

the

nose

牵着某人的鼻子走lead

a...life

过着……的生活in

the

lead

领先With

a

guide

leading

the

way,

we

arrived

at

a

village

in

Tibet,

where

we

found

the

local

people

leading

a

happy

life.由向导带路，我们到达了西藏的一个村庄。在那里，我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。融会应用

单句填空（1）What

led

you

_________（select）

your

major?to

select（2）I'm

not

going

to

allow

anyone

to

lead

me

____the

nose.by（3）The

Democrats

now

appear

to

be

___the

lead.in知识点14

a

number

of许多；大量的（P52）There

had

been

a

number

of

failures

before

they

eventually

found

a

way

to

successfully

clone

a

monkey.历经多次失败,他们最终找到了成功克隆猴子的方法。

A

large

number

of

students

will

benefit

from

the

new

teaching

method.许多学生将从这个新的教学方法中获益。Without

doubt,

the

number

of

jobs

in

information

technology

will

multiply.毫无疑问，信息技术方面的工作数量会大大增加。“a

number

of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。“the

number

of+名词复数/具有复数意义的名词”作主语时,谓语一般用单数形式。“a

large

amount

of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。“large

amounts

of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词根据amounts决定，用复数形式。“a

large

quantity

of+可数名词/不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。“large

quantities

of+可数名词/不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词根据quantities决定，用复数形式。融会应用Ⅰ.单句填空（1）In

the

past

ten

years,

a

number

of

high

buildings

___________（arise）

where

there

was

nothing

but

ruins.have

arisen（2）Large

amounts

of

money

_________（spend）

on

advertisements

every

year.are

spent（3）Large

quantities

of

water

________________（pipe）

to

the

dry

area

since

last

year.have

been

piped（4）As

you

can

see,

the

number

of

cars

on

our

roads

______（keep）

rising

these

days.keepsⅡ.单句写作（5）____________________________________________,

it's

not

difficult

for

them

to

understand

these

words

in

Chinese

contexts.随着学习英语的人越来越多,

对他们而言，在中文语境里理解这些英语单词并不是很困难。As

the

number

of

English

learners

is

on

the

rise（6）__________________________________________

a

university

by

an

ordinary

worker,

which

aroused

public

attention.一位普通的工人向一所大学捐赠了一大笔钱,这引起了公众的关注。A

great

deal/amount

of

money

was

donated

to知识点15

动词-ed

形式作后置定语（P52）The

first

successfully

cloned

animal

was

a

sheep

named

Dolly

in

1996.第一只成功克隆的动物是1996年的克隆羊多莉。（1）动词-ed形式作定语时通常与所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,或表示动作已完成。（2）动词-ed形式还可以在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。此时动词-ed形式通常与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,或表示动作已完成。The

experience

gained

will

give

you

more

confidence

to

help

your

customers.获得的经验会给你更多的信心去帮助你的客户。There

are

many

beautifully

decorated

houses

in

this

rich

zone.这个富人区有许多装修精美的房子。Exhausted,

I

slid

into

bed

and

fell

fast

asleep.我感到累极了,爬上床很快就睡着了。融会应用Ⅰ.单句填空（1）_______（give）

a

lot

of

money,

he

lived

a

better

life.Given（2）______（use）

with

care,

one

tin

will

last

for

six

weeks.Used（3）The

teacher

came

in,

_________（follow）

by

a

group

of

students.followedⅡ.句型转换（4）The

meeting

which

was

held

yesterday

is

of

great

importance.→The

meeting

______________is

of

great

importance.（动词-ed形式作后置定语）held

yesterday知识点16

动词不定式作后置定语（P52）They

were

the

first-ever

primates（the

order

of

mammals

which

include

apes,

monkeys,

and

humans）

to

have

been

cloned!它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物（哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类）！句中to

have

been

cloned是动词不定式作后置定语。（1）当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有next、only、last

等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。（2）动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability、chance、ambition、offer、anxiety、answer、reply、attempt、belief

等。如果作后置定语的动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，动词不定式后要有相应的介词。融会应用Ⅰ.单句填空（1）He

is

always

the

first

_________（come）

and

the

last

________（leave）.to

cometo

leave（2）She

was

the

first

woman

_______（win）

a

gold

medal

in

the

Olympic

Games.to

win（3）Thank

you

for

giving

me

the

chance

_________（make）

the

speech.to

makeⅡ.单句写作（4）The

ability

_________________

is

as

important

as

the

idea

itself.表达思想的能力和思想本身同等重要。to

express

an

idea知识点17

while引导让步状语从句（P53）While

some

people

believe

it

is

crucial

for

scientific

advancement,

others

raise

moral

concerns.虽然有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但是也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。（1）while用作从属连词,引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然；尽管”,相当于though。（2）while用作从属连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“在……期间；当……的时候”。从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。（3）while用作并列连词,表对比,意为“而”。（4）while用作从属连词,引导条件状语从句,意为“只要”,相当于as

long

as。（5）while用作名词,意为“一会儿；一段时间”,主要用于短语中。after

a

while

“过了一会儿”；for

a

while

“暂时；一会儿”；all

the

while

“一直；始终”。融会应用

单句写作（1）__________________,there

is

hope.有生命就有希望。While

there

is

life（2）The

boy

is

good

at

maths

________________________________.那个男孩擅长数学，而他妹妹擅长语文。while

his

sister

is

good

at

Chinese（3）_______________________________,I

can't

agree

with

you.虽然我明白你说的话,但是我还是不认同你的观点。While

I

understand

what

you

say（4）They

__________________and

then

went

to

work.他们聊了一会儿，然后就去上班了。chatted

for

a

while完

成

时阅读下列句子,注意黑体部分的时态。①Tom

had

to

correct

the

mistakes

in

his

composition

that

his

teacher

had

pointed

out.②The

hacker

was

accused

of

theft

because

he

had

stolen

information

from

other

people's

databases.③He

has

worked

for

us

ever

since

he

left

school.④I

have

been

working

with

her

for

20

years.⑤When

she

arrived

at

the

school

gate,

I

had

been

waiting

for

2

hours.⑥I

had

been

trying

to

call

home

but

couldn't

get

through.我的发现

以上句子均体现了完成时态。（1）句______为过去完成时。①②（2）句____为现在完成时。③（3）句____为现在完成进行时。④（4）句______为过去完成进行时。⑤⑥探究点1

现在完成时和现在完成进行时一、基本用法1.现在完成时由“have/has+done”构成,表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在造成的影响或结果。2.现在完成进行时由“have/has

been+doing”构成,表示某一动作在过去某一时间发生,一直延续到现在,有可能到此为止,也有可能继续下去。现在完成进行时是兼有现在完成时和现在进行时两者基本特点的时态。二、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别1.现在完成时所表示的动作到现在为止已经完成,或者在过去曾经发生过但对现在仍有影响；而现在完成进行时则表示动作在过去发生,但现在仍在继续,侧重未完成。I've

dialed

four

times；

I

don't

think

anyone

is

in

the

office.我已经拨了四次电话了,我认为办公室里没人。I've

been

dialling；

I

don't

think

anyone

is

in

the

office.我一直在打电话,我认为办公室里没人。2.现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。Have

you

been

meeting

him

recently?你最近常和他见面吗?Have

you

met

him

recently?你最近见过他吗?3.现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩,而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。I

have

been

waiting

for

you

for

two

hours.我一直等了你两个小时。（可能表示不满）I

have

waited

for

you

for

two

hours.我等了你两个小时。（说明一个事实）4.有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时,但可用于现在完成时。如表示状态的动词be、have、exist等；表示感情的动词like、love等；表示感觉的动词see、hear、smell等；表示知道、相信、猜测的动词know、believe、suppose等。He

has

had

a

cold

for

a

week.他已经感冒一周了。I

have

liked

jazz

since

I

was

a

teenager.从青少年时期起我就喜欢爵士乐了。I

have

known

her

for

a

long

time.我认识她已经很长时间了。5.有少数动词（如work、

study、

live、

teach、

stay、

wait、

lie、

sleep等）在表示持续一段时间时用这两种时态含义差不多,只是用现在完成进行时更强调动作延续时间的长久性。How

long

have

you

worked/been

working

here?你在这儿工作多久了?I've

lived/been

living

here

since

1988.自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。6.与一段时间连用时可以用现在完成时也可以用现在完成进行时；但与次数连用时只能用现在完成时,不能用现在完成进行时。It

hasn't

rained

for

six

weeks.已经六个星期没下雨了。It

has

been

raining

since

yesterday

and

it

is

still

raining.从昨天起,雨就没停过,而且现在还在下。He

has

rung

me

up

five

times

since

12

o'clock.从十二点后,他已经给我打了五次电话。He

has

been

ringing

me

up

all

morning.他整个上午一直在给我打电话。7.现在完成进行时不用于被动语态,若一定要用,可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。The

problem

has

been

studied

for

five

days.这个问题已被研究了五天。融会应用

单句填空（1）It's

hard

to

tell

exactly

how

many

people

agree

with

him,

but

research

indicates

that

the

number_______________

（rise）

for

some

time.has

been

rising（2）—You

are

a

great

swimmer.—Thanks.

It's

because

I

___________________

（practise）

a

lot

these

days.have

been

practicing（3）Lily

went

to

China

last

year

and

I

_____________（hear）

from

her

ever

since.haven't

heard探究点2

过去完成时和过去完成进行时一、过去完成时（一）过去完成时的构成过去完成时由“had+done”构成。（二）过去完成时的用法1.过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态。过去的时间可以用by、before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可通过上下文来表示。When

the

explorer

hurried

to

the

destination,the

others

had

already

left.当这名探险者匆忙赶到目的地的时候,其他人已经离开了。By

nine

o'clock

last

night,we

had

got

200

pictures

from

the

spaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到宇宙飞船发来的200张图片。2.表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for、since构成的时间状语连用。He

told

us

that

he

had

done

the

scientific

research

for

five

years.他告诉我们他做科学研究已经五年了。3.动词think、want、hope、mean、plan、intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。I

had

never

thought

that

you

were

content

to

help

me.我从未想过你愿意帮我。We

had

hoped

to

be

able

to

come

and

see

you.我们本来希望能来看看你。4.过去完成时常常用在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后的宾语从句中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。He

said

that

he

had

known

her

well.他说他对她很熟悉。5.当时间状语从句与主句的动作都发生在过去时,通常一个动作用一般过去时表示，另一个动作用过去完成时表示。如果从句动作发生在主句动作之前,从句用过去完成时；如果从句动作发生在主句动作之后,则从句用一般过去时。从句常由when、before、after、as

soon

as、till/until引导。When

I

woke

up,it

had

already

stopped

raining.我醒来时,雨已停了。注意:在before、after引导的时间状语从句中,由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句多用一般过去时。After

he

arrived

in

England,he

worked

hard

to

improve

his

English.他到达英格兰之后努力提高他的英语水平。6.过去完成时的常用固定句型（1）主语+had

hardly/scarcely/no

sooner+done+when/than从句（从句用一般过去时）；当hardly、scarcely、no

sooner等表示否定意义的词位于句首时,主句要倒装。I

had

no

sooner

reached

home

than

it

began

to

rain.=No

sooner

had

I

reached

home

than

it

began

to

rain.我刚到家就下雨了。（2）It

was+一段时间+since从句（从句用过去完成时）It

was

at

least

three

months

since

I

had

left

Beijing.我离开北京至少有3个月了。（3）It

was

the

first/second/...time+（that）从句（从句用过去完成时）It

was

the

first

time

that

I

had

chatted

online

in

English.那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。（4）主句（过去完成时）+by

the

time...（一般过去时）We

had

got

everything

ready

by

the

time

they

arrived.在他们到达之前,我们已经做好一切准备了。（5）句子（过去完成时）+by

the

end

of...（表示过去的时间）By

the

end

of

last

term,we

had

learned

English

for

at

least

four

years.到上个学期末,我们至少已经学了四年英语。二、过去完成进行时（一）过去完成进行时的构成过去完成进行时由“had

been+doing”构成（二）过去完成进行时的用法1.强调到过去为止，某一活动或动作一直在持续，可能仍然持续下去。It

had

been

snowing

for

2

days

when

I

arrived

in

Heilongjiang.当我到黑龙江的时候，已经下了两天的雪了。（可能当时还在下雪）2.表示重复发生的动作——就是表示过去某一活动或者时间之前一段时间内重复发生的动作。I

had

been

trying

to

call

her

on

the

phone.

Finally

she

gave

me

a

call.我一直试图给她打电话，最后她给我打了电话。注意：重复的动作不能说出具体次数。3.过去完成时和过去完成进行时的区别过去完成进行时强调动作的持续性,过去完成时表示在过去某一具体时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,强调动作已结束这一事实。They

had

been

building

the

road

by

the

end

of

last

month.到上个月月底为止,他们一直在修建这条路。They

had

built

the

road

by

the

end

of

last

month.上