黄金卷2-2023年高考英语模拟卷（新高考II卷）（解析版）

【赢在高考・黄金8卷】备战2023年高考英语模拟卷（新高考II卷）

黄金卷02

（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需

改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的

答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出

最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段

对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.

答案是Co

1.Howdoesthegirlprobablyfeelaboutherjob?

A.Boredandtired.B.Interestedandexcited.C.Relaxedandrelieved.

【答案】A

【原文】

M:Sally,howareyougettingalongwiththetranslationwork?

W:Ihavewrittenandrewrittensomuchthat1don'tknowifTilevergetitfinished.

2.Howdoesthewomanrespond?

A.Sheisangry.B.Sheissatisfied.C.Sheforgivestheman.

【答案】A

【原文】

M:I'mreallysorryIdidn'tmakeittoyourpartylastnight,Julie.

W:It'sallverywelltosaythatnow.Wewastedhalftheeveningwaitingforyoutotumup.

3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Atthehotel.B.Atthecustoms.C.Atthecinema.

【答案】B

【原文】

M:Welcome.Passportandform,please.

W:Sure.Hereyougo.

M:Thankyou.What'sthepurposeofyourvisit?

W:I'mhereforwork.Tmonabusinesstrip.

4.Whatisthewomandoing?

A.Rentinganapartment.B.Confirminganappointment.C.Makingacomplaint.

【答案】C

【原文】

M:Hello,apartmentmanagerofPassionHomesatyourservice.

W:ThisisAshleyJonesfrom215.Youpromisedyou'dsendsomeonetofixtheheating.Iwaited

thewholemorning,butnooneshowedup.Whyonearthisthat?

5.Howdoesthewomanfeelfinally?

A.Defeated.B.Depressed.C.Encouraged.

【答案】C

【原文】

M:Howwasyourexam?

W:Ireallymessedup,Uncle.Icouldn'tansweralotofthequestions.IalreadyknowthatIfailed.

M:Everybodymakesmistakes.AuntieandIwillalwayssupportyou!

W:Thankyou,Uncle.Iwilltryagain.

第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三

个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；

听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Howlongwillthespeakerswaitfor?

A.45minutes.B.55minutes.C.60minutes.

7.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?

A.Waitinline.B.Dosomeshopping.C.Findanotherrestaurant.

【答案】6.A7.B

【原文】

M:Wow,look!Somanypeoplearewaitinginline.ThisplaceisalwayspackedonFridays.

W:Idon'twanttostandherefbranhour.Let'sgosomewhereelse.

M:It'sFridaynight.Everywherehasaline.Lefsjusteathere.Wecanuseawaitlistapp.

W:Awaitlistapp?Howdoesthatwork?

M:Youjustchoosetherestaurant,andtheappwillputyouonthewaitlistandgiveyouanumber.

W:That'seasy.Doesitsayhowmanygroupsareaheadofus?

M:Yeah,10groups.So,it'sa45-minutewaitforourtable,butwedon'thavetostickaroundhere.

W:Great.Whatarewewaitingfbr?Let'sdosomeshoppingtokilltime.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.HowdoesJoannafeel?

A.Tired.B.Happy.C.Anxious.

9.WhydoesJoannawanttomakebreakfast?

A.Topractisecooking.B.Topaybackhermum.C.Tolookafterhersickmum.

10.WhatcanweknowaboutJoanna?

A.Shehasgotmarried.

B.Shecangetupearlyeveryday.

C.Shelovesherfathermorethanhermother.

【答案】8.A9.B10.A

【原文】

M:Youlooktirednow,Joanna.

W:Iknow.Igotupat4amtomakebreakfastformymother.

M:Youareagreatdaughter.

W:Notreally.Itismymotherwhoiswonderful.Shegavemelifeandbroughtmeupverywell.

M:SoyoutrytorepayheronMother'sDay.

W:Right.Butshehasgivenmesomuchthatitwilltakehundredsofyearstorepayher.

M:MaybeweshouldhaveMother'sDayeverydayinsteadofjustonceayear.

W:Ifsagoodidea,Jeff.ButIcan'tgetupsoearlytomakebreakfastforhereveryday.

M:Weshouldtellourmomshowmuchwelovethemmoreoften.

W:Iagree!Iwilltellmyhusbandyourgreatidea.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11.Wherewasthewoman'suniversity?

A.InAmerica.B.InFrance.C.InEngland.

12.Wherewillthewomangotomorrow?

A.Tothemuseum.B.Tothelibrary.C.Totherestaurant.

13.WhenshouldthewomanleaveherhotelonSunday?

A.Atabout10:45a.m.B.Atabout9:45a.m.C.Atabout9:15a.m.

【答案】U.C12.A13.C

【原文】

M:Howwasyourexperienceinuniversity?YouwereinAmerica,right?

W:No,never!IwenttouniversityinEngland.Itwasareallygoodtime.Myparentslivein

France,soIcouldgotherefortheholidaysaswell.

M:Andnow,whatdoyouwantinyourfreetimehere?

W:IwouldlovetovisitthelocalmuseumtomorrowifIcan.Igottospendthewholedaytodayin

thelibrary.OnSaturday,IwanttogotothechurchandthentothatfamousChineserestaurant.

M:AndyouwillbegoingbackonSunday?

W:Yeah.Ihavetobeattheaiiportby10a.m.,soIhavetoleavemyhotelaccordingtothat.How

longwouldittaketogototheairportbytaxi?

M:About45minutes.

听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。

14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Friends.B.Co-workers.C.Familymembers.

15.HowdoesSarahusuallygotowork?

A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bytrain.

16.WhatdoesJasonplantodo?

A.Getridofhiscar.B.Recycleplastic.C.Giveupmeat.

17.WheredoesSarahseetoomuchunnecessaryplastic?

A.Atthesupermarket.B.Attheoffice.C.Athome.

【答案】14.B15.A16.C17.A

【原文】

W:Goodmorning,Jason.

M:Hi,Sarah.You'reearlyforworktoday.Ihaven'teventurnedmycomputeron.

W:Icamebytrain.Mycarisbeingrepaired.

M:Igotridofmycar.Icometoworkonthebuseverydaynow.

W:Why?

M:Iwanttohelptheenvironment.Carscausetoomuchpollutionandpublictransportisfarless

harmful.

W:Isupposeyou'reright,butIhaveafamilysoIneedthecar.

M:Well,thereareotherwaysofhelpingtheenvironment.

W:Ohyes,Ialwaysrecyclewasteathome—bottles,cansandthingslikethat.Plus,Itrytoeat

localfoodasmuchaspossible,sothatitdoesn'thavetobetransportedtoofar.

M:That'sgood.Tmgoingtostopeatingmeat.Producingmeatisverybadfortheenvironment,

andit'salsocrueltoanimals.

W:I'mnotsureIcoulddothat,butIdonoticesomethingwhenIgotothesupermarket.Thereis

somuchunnecessaryplasticusedforpackaging.

M:Oh,Iagree.Ialwaystrytousepaperbags.Plasticiscausingbigproblemsfortheenvironment,

soItrytoavoidusingitifpossible.

听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。

18.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutCastleHoward?

A.Ittookitsnamefromafilm.

B.Ithasbeenhometoafamily.

C.Itwasonceusedfordefense.

19.WhatisspecialabouttheWalledGardens?

A.It'sopeneverydayoftheyear.

B.It'sthelargestgardeninEngland.

C.Ifsplantedwithmanykindsofroses.

20.Whoisprobablythespeaker

A.Atourguide.B.Agardener.C.Anewsreporter.

【答案】18.B19.C20.A

【原文】

W:Hieveryone.Aswe'rewaitinghere,letmeintroduceCastleHowardtoyou.Castle

Howardhasbecomeapopulartouristattractioninrecentyears.Thoughitsnamecontainsthe

word“castle”,itisnotatruecastlebecauseitwasneverusedfordefense.CastleHowardis

actuallyanEnglishcountryhouse.IthasbeenhometotheHowardfamilyformorethan300years.

Overtheyears,anumberoffilmshavebeenshotthere.Whenyouvisitittomorrow,you,llsee

manythings.Perhapsthere'stoomuchtosee.Butmakesureyoudon'tmissthesetwothings.

First,theWalledGardens.Itisagroupofthreegardens.Youcanfind2000differenttypesofroses

there,almostalltypesofrosesinEngland.TheWalledGardensisopeneverydayoftheyear,

exceptChristmas.Second,theWoodlandGarden.Ilisknownforfloweringplants,fruittrees,and

pathwaysthroughawoodedsetting.Inaword,CastleHowardisreallybeautiful.Youcouldspend

awholedayenjoyingitsbeautytomonow.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37・5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

FourStrangeAmericanTraditions

Let'slookatfourtraditionsAmericanscelebratewithoutevenconsideringhowstrangethe

restofworldconsiderthem.

BabyShowers

Thecustomofcelebratinganewchildhasbeenaroundforeverandispartofmostcultures.

IntheUS,however,it'shonoreddifferently:withababyshower.Thebabyshowerbeganduring

the1950s.Itinvolvesanafternoonpartyforthemom-to-beattendedbyclosefemalefriendsand

families.Theguestsplaybaby-themedgames,andthere'salwaysplentyoffood.

Trick-or-treating

ManycultureshavestronghistorictraditionslikedressinguparoundthetimeofHalloween,

butfewoftheseinvolvechildrengoingdoor-to-dooraskingforcandywiththewords,"Trickor

treat!”Typically,theirparentswouldn'tallowthemtotalktostrangers,beggingforcandyinthe

streetsatnight.Butallofasuddentheysupportsuchbehaviorsononemagicaleveningeachfall.

PresidentialTurkeyPardons

Thanksgivingingeneralseemstopuzzlethosewhoaren'tinterestedinAmericantraditions,

butperhapsnopartofthatturkeyfestivalseemsmoreunusualthantheannualceremonyduring

whichmodernpresidentsgiveanofficialpardontoaliveturkey.Interestingly,there'salsoagreat

dealofconfusionamongAmericansconcerningtheactualoriginsofthisstrangetradition.

BlackFridayShoppingSprees（疯狂购物）

PeopleintheUShavenoproblemliningupbeforethesunevenrisestocashinonbigdeals

onBlackFriday.JusthoursaftermillionsofturkeysareeatenintheUnitedStateson

Thanksgivingeachyear,theshoppersheadouttogetastartontheiryearlyChristmasgiftlist.

BlackFridaysalespromotiontraditionallylaunchesthisnationalweekendshoppingactivity,

whichcontinueswithSmallBusinessSaturdayandendswithCyberMonday.

21.WhatcanthechildrendoinTrick-or-treating?

A.Askforcandyfromstrangers.B.Playsomebaby-themedgames.

C.Holdahistorictraditionalparty.D.Supporttheirparentstomakeatrick.

22.Whichtradition'soriginisstillunclear?

A.BabyShowers.B.Trick-or-treating.

C.PresidentialTurkeyPardons.D.BlackFridayShoppingSprees.

23.WhydoAmericansheadouttogoshoppingonBlackFriday?

A.Theyarefondofshoppingactivities.B.Theycanbuysomediscountedgoods.

C.Theywanttoimproveitspopularity.D.Theyhavetopreparecandyforstrangers.

【参考答案】

21.A22.C23.B

【语篇解读】

这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国四个奇怪的传统习俗。

【详情解析】

21.【A】细节理解题。Trick-or-treating中“Typically,theirparentswouldn'tallowthemto

talktostrangers,beggingforcandyinthestreetsatnight.Butallofasuddentheysupportsuch

behaviorsononemagicaleveningeachfall.（通常情况下，他们的父母不允许他们和陌生人

说话，不允许他们晚上在街上乞讨糖果。但突然之间，它们在每年秋天的一个神奇的晚上

支持了这种行为。）“可知，在万圣节“不给糖就捣蛋”的活动中，孩子们向陌生人要糖果。

故选Aa

22.【C】细节理解题。根据PresidentialTurkeyPardons中“Interestingly,there'salsoagreatdeal

ofconfusionamongAmericansconcerningtheactualoriginsofthisstrangetradition.（有趣的

是，对于这个奇怪传统的真正起源，美国人也有很多困惑。）“可知，美国总统“赦免”火鸡

的传统的起源依然不清楚。故选C。

23.[B]细节理解题。根据最后一段“PeopleintheUShavenoproblemliningupbeforethesun

evenrisestocashinonbigdealsonBlackFriday.（在“黑色星期五”当天，美国人甚至在太阳

升起之前就开始排队抢购大减价商品。）”可知，美国人在“黑色星期五”当天都出去购物的

原因是他们能买到打折商品。故选B。

B

At1:43a.m.October5,2022,StanfordchemistCarolynR.Bertozziwasawakenedbya

phonecallfromaNobelcommitteerepresentativewhotoldher,uYouhave50minutestocollect

yourselfandwaituntilyourlifechanges.^Instructednottosharetheannouncementoutsideofher

tightestinnercircle,thefirstpersonBertozzicalledwasherfather,aretiredphysicsprofessor

fromMIT.”He，s91and,ofcourse,hewasjustoveijoyed,"saidBertozzi.

CarolynBertozzi,bornOctober10,1966,Boston,wasawardedtheNobelPrizeinchemistry

forherdevelopmentofbioorthogonalreactions,whichallowscientiststoexplorecellsandtrack

biologicalprocesseswithoutdisturbingthenonnalchemistryofthecell.Shesharesthe$10

millionSwedishkronor（about$1millionUSD）prizeequallywithMortenMeldal,professorat

UniversityofCopenhagenandK.BarrySharpless,professoratScrippsResearcht4fbrthe

developmentofclickchemistryandbioorthogonalchemistry.”

Carolynreceivedabachelor'sdegreeinchemistryfromHarvardUniversityin1988anda

doctorateinthesamesubjectfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeleyin1993.Shewasa

postdoctoralfellowattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,from1993to1995.Shebecame

anassistantprofessoratBerkeleyin1996andafullprofessorofchemistryandmolecularandcell

biologyin2002.Shealsoheldanappointmentasaprofessorofmolecularandcellular

pharmacologyfrom2000to2002attheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.In2015she

becameaprofessorofchemistryatStanfordUniversity.

“IcouldnotbemoredelightedthatCarolynBertozzihaswontheNobelPrizeinchemistry,

saidStanfordPresidentMarcTessier-Lavigne.4tInpioneeringthefieldofbioorthogonalchemistry,

Carolyninventedanewwayofstudyingbiomolecularprocesses,onethathashelpedscientists

aroundtheworldgainadeeperunderstandingofchemicalreactionsinlivingsystems.Herwork

hashadremarkablereal-worldimpact,providingnewdiagnosticandtherapeuticapproachesto

treatdisease.Carolynissodeservingofthishonor,andallofusatStanfordaretooproudtocall

heroneofourown.”

Carolyn'sbioorthogonalreactionshavebeenusedtostudyhowcellsbuildproteinsandother

molecules,todevelopnewcancermedicines,andtoproducenewmaterialsforenergystorage,

amongmanyotherapplications.

24.WhydoestheauthormentionthephonecallCarolynreceivedinParagraph1?

A.TointroducethebackgroundinformationofCarolyn.

B.Torevealaconversationbetweentwoscientists.

C.Toarousethereaders9interestinthepassage.

D.Toshowtheurgencyabouttheinformation.

25.WhatcanwelearnaboutCarolynfromparagraphs2and3?

A・Hereducationandsuccess.B.Herdelightandpride.

C.Herkindnessanddevotion.D.Herdreamandambition.

26.WhatcanweinferfromMarcTessier-Lavigne'swords?

A.HewantstocooperatewithCarolyn.B.Carolynhasfoundanewcureforcancer.

C.HebenefitsgreatlyfromCarolyn'sfindings.D.Carolyn'sfindingsareofgreatsignificance.

27.Whatisthetext?

A-Aprofile.B.Anewsreport.

C.Ajournal.D.Abookreview.

【参考答案】

24.C25.A26.D27.B

【语篇解读】

这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学化学家CarolynR.Bertozzi在化学方面

的成就以及其受教育情况。

【详情解析】

24.[C]推理判断题。根据文章第一段“At1:43a.m.October5,2022,StanfordchemistCarolyn

R.BertozziwasawakenedbyaphonecallfromaNobelcommitteerepresentativewhotoldher,

“Youhave50minutestocollectyourselfandwaituntilyourlifechanges.^^Instructednotto

sharetheannouncementoutsideofhertightestinnercircle,thefirstpersonBertozzicalledwas

herfather,aretiredphysicsprofessorfromMIT.（凌晨1点43分。2022年10月5日，斯坦福

大学化学家CarolynR.Bertozzi被诺贝尔委员会代表的电话吵醒，电话告诉她：“你有50

分钟的时间整理自己，等待你的生活发生改变。”贝尔托兹被告知不要向她最亲密的小圈

子以外的人透露这一消息，于是打电话给的第一个人是她的父亲，一位麻省理工学院的退

休物理学教授。）可知电话时间、内容与来电者都可以激发读者兴趣。故选C项。

25.[A]细节理解题。根据文章第二段“CarolynBertozzi,bomOctober10,1966,Boston,was

awardedtheNobelPrizeinchemistryforherdevelopmentofbioorthogonalreactions,which

allowscientiststoexplorecellsandtrackbiologicalprocesseswithoutdisturbingthenormal

chemistryofthecell.（CarolynBertozz,1966年10月10日出生于波士顿，因其生物正交反

应的发展而被授予诺贝尔化学奖。生物正交反应使科学家能够在不干扰细胞正常化学反应

的情况下探索细胞并跟踪生物过程。）”以及文章第三段“Carolynreceivedabachelor's

degreeinchemistryfromHarvardUniversityin1988andadoctorateinthesamesubjectfrom

theUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeleyin1993.ShewasapostdoctoralfellowattheUniversity

ofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,from1993to1995.ShebecameanassistantprofessoratBerkeley

in1996andafullprofessorofchemistryandmolecularandcellbiologyin2002.Shealsoheld

anappointmentasaprofessorofmolecularandcellularpharmacologyfrom2000to2002atthe

UniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.In2015shebecameaprofessorofchemistiyat

StanfordUniversity/Carolyn1988年获得哈佛大学化学学士学位，1993年获得加州大学伯

克利分校化学博士学位。1993年至1995年，她在加州大学旧金山分校做博士后。1996

年，她成为伯克利大学的助理教授，2002年成为化学、分子和细胞生物学的正教授。2000

年至2002年，她还在加州大学旧金山分校担任分子和细胞药理学教授。2015年，她成为

斯坦福大学的化学教授。）”可知文章第二段主要介绍了Carolyn在化学方面的贡献，第三

段主要介绍了她的教育与学历的情况，所以从文章的二三段中我们可以了解到Carolyn的

有关教育和成功的情况。故选A项。

26.【D】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段""Inpioneeringthefieldofbioorthogonalchemistry,

Carolyninventedanewwayofstudyingbiomolecularprocesses,onethathashelpedscientists

aroundtheworldgainadeeperunderstandingofchemicalreactionsinlivingsystems.Herwork

hashadremarkablereal-worldimpact,providingnewdiagnosticandtherapeuticapproachesto

treatdisease.Carolynissodeservingofthishonor,andallofusatStanfordaretooproudtocall

heroneofourown."（"在开创生物正交化学领域时，Carolyn发明了一种研究生物分子过程

的新方法，这种方法帮助世界各地的科学家对生命系统中的化学反应有了更深入的了解。

她的工作产生了显著的现实影响，为治疗疾病提供了新的诊断和治疗方法。Carolyn是当

之无愧的，我们斯坦福的所有人都为她感到骄傲，以至于称她为自己人。可知Carolyn

的发现帮助世界各地的科学家对生命系统中的化学反应有了更深入的了解，为治疗疾病提

供了新的诊断和治疗方法，所以从MarcTessier-Lavigne的话中我们可以推出Carolyn的发

现意义重大。故选D项。

27.【B】推理判断题。文章第一段“At1:43a.m.October5,2022,StanfordchemistCarolynR.

BertozziwasawakenedbyaphonecallfromaNobelcommitteerepresentativewhotoldher,

“Youhave50minutestocollectyourselfandwaituntilyourlifechanges?'Instructednotto

sharetheannouncementoutsideofhertightestinnercircle,thefirstpersonBertozzicalledwas

herfather,aretiredphysicsprofessorfromMIT.（凌晨1点43分。2022年10月5日，斯坦福

大学化学家CarolynR.Bertozzi被诺贝尔委员会代表的电话吵醒，电话告诉她：“你有50

分钟的时间整理自己，等待你的生活发生改变。’‘贝尔托兹被告知不要向她最亲密的小圈

子以外的人透露这一消息，于是打电话给的第一个人是她的父亲，一位麻省理工学院的退

休物理学教授。）”总的概括全文内容，文章二、三段主要介绍的是Carolyn的化学成就以

及其受教育的情况，文章最后两段主要介绍Carolyn发现的重大意义以及具体应用，由此

可见，文章主要介绍了Carolyn获得诺贝尔化学奖这一事件的始末及其后续影响，因此为

新闻报道。故选B项。

C

Nuclearbombs.That'sthego-toanswerforincomingspaceobjectslikeasteroids(小彳亍星)

andcomets,asfarasHollywoodisconcerned.MovieslikeDeepImpactandArmageddonrelyon

nuclearweapons,deliveredbystarslikeBruceWillis,tosavetheworldanddeliverthedrama.

Butplanetarydefenseexpertssayinreality,ifastronomersspottedadangerousincoming

spacerock,thesafestandbestanswermightbesomethingmoresubtle,likesimplypushingitoff

coursebycrashingitwithasmallspacecraft.

ThafsjustwhatNASAdidonMondayevening,whenaspacecraftheadedstraightintoan

asteroidcalledDimorphous,whichisaround7millionmilesawayandposesnothreattoEarth.

It'sabout525feetacrossandorbitsanotherlargerasteroid.

Inimagesstreamedastheimpactneared,theegg-shapedasteroidgrewinsizefromalittle

spotonscreentohaveitsfullrockysurfacecomequicklyintofocusbeforethesignalwentdead

asthecrafthitrightontarget.

Eventshappenedexactlyasengineershadplanned,theysaid,withnothinggoingwrong."As

faraswecantell,ourfirstplanetarydefensetestwasasuccess,“saidElenaAdams,themission

systemsengineer,whoaddedthatscientistslookedonwith“bothterrorandjoy“asthespacecraft

neareditsfinaldestination.

TheimpactwasthepeakofNASA'sDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTest(DART),a7-yearand

morethan$300millioneffortwhichlaunchedaspacevehicleinNovemberof2021toperform

humanity'sfirstevertestofplanetarydefensetechnology.Itwillbeabouttwomonths,scientists

said,beforetheywillbeabletodetermineiftheimpactwasenoughtodrivetheasteroidslightly

offcourse,probablyshorteningitsoriginalorbit.

NASAplanstolaunchanasteroid-huntingspacetelescopenamedNEOSurveyorin2026.

“We'vetackedlotsofspacerocks,especiallythelargeronesthatcouldcauseextinction-level

events.Thankfully,nonecurrentlythreatenEarth.ButmanyasteroidsthesizeofDimorphous

haven'tyetbeendiscovered,andthosecouldpotentiallytakeoutacityiftheycamecrashing

down."explainsLindleyJohnson,NASA'sPlanetaryDefenseOfficer.

28.Howdidscientistsknowthecrafthittheasteroidsuccessfully?

A.Thesignalfromthecraftwaslostasithitthetarget.

B.Theyrecordedthewholeprocesswithatelescope.

C.Thelittlespotonthescreensuddenlydisappeared.

D.Theymonitoredthecraftwithsatellitesinspace.

29.Whatisthepurposeoflaunchingthespacecraft?

A.Tosearchforevidenceofalienlife.B.Toendtheasteroid\threattoEarth.

C.Tosavetheworldanddeliveradrama.D.TotesttechnologyfordefendingEarth.

30.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDimorphous?

A.Itisadangerousincomingspacerock.B.Itisanegg-shapedasteroidaroundEarth.

C.Itmayorbitthesameasteroidafterthehit.D.Itisexpectedtoblowupaftertheimpact.

31.WhichstatementwillLindleyJohnsonprobablyagreewith?

A.Asteroidsareequallydestructivewhateverthesize.

B.NEOSurveyorisaimedtotracksmallerasteroids.

C.LargerasteroidswillnolongerthreatenEarth.

D.NASAisresponsibleforthesafetyofEarth.

【参考答案】

28.A29.D30.C31.B

【语篇解读】

本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国国家航空和宇宙航行局（NASA）的行星防御专家

实施的行星防御测试（planetarydefensetest）：如果发现了危险的太空岩石，最安全解决措

施其实很微妙，就是利用其与小型航天器与撞击，使它偏离轨道。

【详情解析】

28.[A]细节理解题。根据第四段“Inimagesstreamedastheimpactneared,theegg-shaped

asteroidgrewinsizefromalittlespotonscreentohaveitsfullrockysurfacecomequicklyinto

focusbeforethesignalwentdeadasthecrafthitrightontarget.''（在撞击临近时流传的图像

中，这颗蛋形小行星从屏幕上的一个小点变大，在信号消失之前，它的整个岩石表面迅速

成为焦点，因为飞船正好击中目标。）可知，当飞行器成功击中目标后，K行器的信号消

失了。故选A。

29.[D]细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“TheimpactwasthepeakofNASA'sDoubleAsteroid

RedirectionTest（DART）,a7-yearandmorethan$300millioneffortwhichlaunchedaspace

vehicleinNovemberof2021toperformhumanity'sfirstevertestofplanetarydefense

technology.M（这次撞击是美国宇航局双小行星重定向测试（DART）的最关键测试。这个

于2021年11月发射航天器的测试将历时7年、耗资超过3亿美元，其目的就是进行人类

第一次行星防御技术测试。）可知，这次发射航天器的目的就是进行人类第一次行星防御

技术测试。故选D。

30.[C]推理判断题。根据第三段“Butplanetarydefenseexpertssayinreality,ifastronomers

spottedadangerousincomingspacerock,thesafestandbestanswermightbesomethingmore

subtle,likesimplypushingitoffcoursebycrashingitwithasmallspacecraft."（但.行星防御专

家说，在现实中，如果天文学家发现了一个即将来临的危险的太空岩石，最安全和最好的

解决办法可能是一些更巧妙的东西，如简单地推动它偏离轨道与一个小航天器撞击。）和

第四段"That'sjustwhatNASAdidonMondayevening,whenaspacecraftheadedstraightinto

anasteroidcalledDimorphous,whichisaround7millionmilesawayandposesnothreatto

Earth.It'sabout525feetacrossandorbitsanotherlargerasteroid."（这正是美国国家航空和宇

宙航行局（NASA）周一晚上所做的，当时一艘航天器径直撞向一颗名为迪莫弗斯

（Dimorphous）的小行星，该小行星距地球约700万英里，对地球不构成任何威胁。直径约

525英尺,围绕另一颗较大的小行星运行。）和第五段的“Asfaraswecantell,ourfirst

planetarydefensetestwasasuccess（据我们所知，我们的第一次行星防御测试是成功的）''可

知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局（NASA）周•晚上，用一艘航天器撞向•颗名为迪莫弗斯

（Dimorphous）的小行星，这颗小行星围绕另一颗较大的小行星运行，这个撞击是为了推动

它偏离轨道，撞击是成功的，因此推断撞击后，它很可能回到自己的原有的轨道上，绕着

同一颗小行星运行。故选C。

31.[B]推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句"NASAplanstolaunchanasteroid・huntingspace

telescopenamedNEOSurveyorin2026”（美国宇航局计划在2026年发射一架名为“NEO测

量者''的小行星搜寻太空望远镜），以及LindleyJohnson说的话“We'vetackedlotsofspace

rocks,especiallythelargeronesthatcouldcauseextinction-levelevents.Thankfully,none

cunentlythreatenEarth.ButmanyasteroidsthesizeofDimorphoushaven71yetbeen

discovered,andthosecouldpotentiallytakeoutacityiftheycamecrashingdown."（“我彳门已经

发现了很多太空岩石，尤其是那些可能导致物种灭绝事件的较大岩石。值得庆幸的是，目

前没有一个较大岩石威胁到地球。但许多二晶形大小的小行星尚未被发现，如果它们坠毁，

它们可能会摧毁・座城市。''）可知，NASA之前主要研究大行星，但其实未被发现的小

行星才是对地球有威胁的。所以可推测出NEOSurveyor后期的目标应该是发现相对比较

小的小行星。故选B。

D

Nowadays,bamboogrowthcyclesandthedietaryneedsoflemurs（狐猴）areoutofsyac.

Findingsshowrainfallsarechangingannually.Overthepasttwoyears,therehasbeena

three-monthdelayintherainyseasonandnewtendershootsthatlemursconsumefornutritionare

appearinginJanuaryandFebruary—14daysafterthefirstrainfall,saysPatriciaChappleWright,

aprimatologist,anthropologist,andconservationistatStonyBrookUniversity."Lemurseatafood

sourcethatisveryadaptive,PatriciaWrighttoldPBSNewsHour."It'sabletostandclimate

change,butthelemurs,unfortunately,can'tadaptquicklytothischangedcycle.”

SincebabylemursareborninNovember,thedelayedrainyseasonisdangerouslyaffecting

thesurvivalofthemforlackofnutritionavailableforboththemothers