654例下呼吸道感染患者痰培养病原菌及其药物敏感试验分析

精品文档-下载后可编辑例下呼吸道感染患者痰培养病原菌及其药物敏感试验分析【摘要】目的：分析下呼吸道感染的常见病原菌及其对抗菌药物的敏感性，为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供科学依据。方法：回顾性分析2022年1月-2022年10月654例痰培养病原菌的耐药性资料。结果：654例下呼吸道感染患者的痰标本共检出病原菌421株，检出率为64.4%，其中革兰阴性杆菌323株，占76.7%，前3位分别为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌；革兰阳性球菌52株，占12.4%，以金黄色葡萄球菌为主；真菌28株，占6.7%。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类、氨基糖苷类敏感性较高，对头孢菌素类也产生了不同程度的耐药，而对氨苄西林的耐药率最高，达80%以上。革兰阳性菌对利奈唑胺、替考拉宁、奎奴普汀-达福普汀100%敏感，对利福平、环丙沙星敏感性较高，对克拉霉素、青霉素、四环素、阿奇霉素均高度耐药。结论：老年患者下呼吸道感染的主要病原菌为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌等革兰阴性杆菌，其次为金黄色葡萄球菌及真菌。不同细菌对不同抗菌药物敏感性不同，因此，应该加强药物敏感性试验，建立早期预警系统，指导临床合理用药。

【关键词】抗菌药物；合理用药；病原菌；敏感性；耐药性

TheDistributionandDrugSusceptibilityofthePrimaryPathogensfromSputumCulturein654PatientswithLowerRespiratoryTractInfection/CHENZai-ling.//MedicalInnovationofChina，2022，9(23):138-140

【Abstract】Objective:Toinvestigatethedistributionofprimarypathogensfromsputumcultureinthepatientswithlowerrespiratorytractinfectionandanalyzetheantimicrobialsusceptibilityandtoprovideevidencesforclinicaltherapy.Method:Thedataofthedistributionandantimicrobialsusceptibilityofthepathogens，whichwereisolatedfromthepatientsinourhospitalbysputumculturefromJan.2022toOct.2022，werestudiedretrospectively.Result:Totally421strainsofpathogens，includingfungi，wereisolatedfrom654sputumspecimens，andtherelevanceratioofthepathogenswas64.4%.323strainswereGramnegativebacilli(76.7%)，amongwhichthetopthreewereEscherichiacoli，Klebsiellapneumoniae，Pseudomonasaeruginosa.52strainswereGrampositivecocci(12.4%)，amongwhichthemostcommonwasStaphylococcusaureus.28strainswerefungi，accountedfor6.7%.Escherichiacoli，Klebsiellapneumoniae，Pseudomonasaeruginosa，Acinetobacterbaumaniiweremoresensitivitytocarbapenems，aminoglycosides，andresistanttocephalosporinstosomeextent，andmostresistanttoampicillin.Theirdrugresistanceratestoampicillinwereover80%.AllgramnegativebacilliweresensitivetoLinezolid，teicoplanin，quinupristin-dalfoprisdnentirely，andsensitivitytorifampicin，ciprofloxacintosomeextent，andhighlyresistanttoclarithromycin，penicillin，tetracycline，azithromycin.Conclusion:TheprimarypathogenswereEscherichiacoli，Klebsiellapneumoniae，Pseudomonasaeruginosaintheelderpatientswithlowerrespiratorytractinfection，andthenextwereStaphylococcusaureusandfungi.Thepathogenshaddifferentsensitivitiestovariouskindsofantibacterial.Weshouldstrengthenclinicald