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Unit3TheworldofscienceDevelopingideasBytheendofthisperiod,youwillbeableto:listthemainideaandthebasicstructureofanessay;tellthespecificinformationaboutFranklin’sexperiment;expressargumentsbylistingsupportingdetailsorgivingexamples;developthebasicscientificthoughtsandscientificexploringspirit.CONTENTSPre-readingIWhile-readingIIPost-readingIIISentencesanalysisIVDoyouknowthescientistsandtheirexperiments?Pre-readingDoyouknowFranklin’sfamousexperiment?WhoisFranklin?playedapartintheAmericanRevolutionHeisundoubtedlyimportanttoAmericans.WHO?ReadtheintroductiontoBenjaminFranklin.BenjaminFranklin(1706–1790)wasoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesandhelpeddrafttheDeclarationofIndependence.Apartfrombeingasuccessfulstatesman,hewasalsowellknownasaleadingAmericanauthor,printerandpublisher,successfuldiplomat,creativescientistandinventor.LearningtolearnAnessaytitleoftencontainsanexplicit(直截了当的)orimplicit(含蓄的)questionwhichyouressayshouldfocusonanswering.Forexample,thetitle“Franklin’sExperiment:HowMuchIsTrue?”makesitclearwhatquestionisbeingansweredwithintheessay.Let'sreadthepassagequicklyandfindoutwhatFranklin’sexperimentaimedtoprove.While-reading√Franklin’sExperiment:HowMuchIsItTrue?Activity1
Fast-readingforbasicinformationⅠ.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThestoryofFranklin’sexperimentistrueornot.B.TheaimofFranklin’sexperiment.C.TheprocedureofFranklin’sexperiment.D.TheeffectofFranklin’sexperiment.Ⅱ.
Matcheachparagraphwithitsmainidea.Para.1
A.Factsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch.Para.2 B.Thereasonwhyscientistsoftenquestionacceptedideas.Para.3 C.ThedetailedprocedureofFranklin’sexperimentwith lightning.Para.4 D.ThegreateffectofFranklin’sexperimentonscience andinventions.Para.5 E.Neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentare entirelytrue.Para.6 F.BenjaminFranklin’sfamousexperimentwithlightning maybefiction.Para(s)._____Para(s)._____Para(s)._____6Ⅲ.Pleasesortoutthispassage’sstructure.12-5√
BenjaminFranklin’sfamousexperimentwithlightninghas
introducedgenerationsofchildrentoscience.However,newresearchsuggeststhatthestorymaybefictioninsteadoffact.Activity2
Careful-readingfordetailsⅠ.ReadPara.1carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducethetopic.B.Toshowtheauthorityoftheauthor.C.Toattractreaders’interest.D.Alloftheabove.√2.Whatdoestheword“fiction”inthisparagraphmean?A.Atypeofliteraturedescribingimaginarypeopleorevents,notrealones.B.Athingthatisinventedorimaginedandisnottrue.C.Atypeofliteratureformthatissimilartoanovel.D.Atypeoffactthatissimilartotruth.
√Ⅱ.ReadPara.2carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Franklin’sopinionaboutscience.B.ThepurposeandprocessofFranklin’sexperiment.C.People’sdifferentopinionsonlightning.D.Theroleofthemetalkey.2.Fillintheexperimentreport.ExperimentThekitelightningexperimentAimTotestiflightningwasreallyproducedbyelectricity.Material______________________________________Procedure(First...Then...Finally...)First,__________________________________________________________________________.Then,_______________________________________________________________________________.Finally,_______________________________________.Conclusion_______________________________________Akitewithapieceofstringandametalkey.Franklinflewakitewithapieceofstringtiedtoitandametalkeyattachedtothestringwhenaflashoflightninghitthekite,electricitywasconductedthroughthestringtothekeytouchingthekey,FranklingotanelectricshockLightningwasaformofelectricity.2.Wecandrawaconclusionthatifwewanttoprovefacts,1.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytellus?A.Schoolsshouldcarryoutmoreexperiments.B.Franklin’slightningexperimentinfluencesstudentsmuch.C.Itisimportanttofindthetruth.D.JustonegenerationofstudentsiscuriousaboutFranklin.
brave√scientificexperimentscientificⅢ.ReadPara.3carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.√3.WhatarepeopleinspiredbyinFranklin’sstory?A.Hisbraveryandscientificapproach.B.Thekitewithakeytiedtothestring.C.Thestormyweatherwithlightning.D.Histouchingthemetalkey.DeepthinkingFromthefirstthreeparagraphs,whatdoweknowabouttheexperiment?A.OnlyFranklinwantedtoknowtherelationbetweenelectricityandlightning.B.Franklintaughtmanychildrenabouthisfindingsindifferentschools.C.PeoplehadalreadyknownthecauseoflightningbeforeFranklin’sexperiment.D.Asascientist,Franklinwasadmiredforhisattitudetoscience.√Scientists’viewonthestoryandsuchstoriesWhatistrue?Whatisfalse?Whydoscientiststhinkso?Whydoscientistsquestionaccepted
ideas?Franklin’sexperimentdidtakeplace.Thedetailaboutthestringandthekeyistrue.Franklindidnottouchthekey.Hewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshockifhehadactuallytouchedthekey.Theywanttoestablishthefacts.1.Fillintheblanks.Ⅳ.ReadParas.4-5carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.√2.Formanyyears,welearnthefollowingfromthestoryofFranklin’sexperimentEXCEPTthat
.A.themethodofFranklin’sexperimentissafeB.FranklinwasverybravetomaketheexperimentC.scientificexperimentsareimportanttothetruthD.themethodofFranklin’sexperimentisscientific
√3.WhatisthepurposeofthestoryofNewton?A.Toshowtheacceptedstoryistrue.B.ToshowNewtonwasbravetobearthehitofanapple.C.ToshowNewtonwasluckytofindthetheoryofgravity.D.Toshowtheacceptedstoryisquestionedbythescientists.Weshouldbe_________abouteverythingwereadorhear.1.Whatistheauthor’sconclusionfromthestory?2.Whatisyouropinionaboutthestatementabove?criticalFactsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch,andweshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear—evenifitisagreatstory.Ⅴ.ReadPara.6carefullyanddothefollowingexercise.√3.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?A.Toseeistobelieve.B.Everyextremityisafault.C.Booksshouldbereadwithreservation.D.Imaginationisthesourceofcreation.1.Numberthestatementstoshowhowpeople’sattitudestowardsFranklin’sexperimenthavechanged.()Franklin’sspiritofscientificexplorationisstillconsideredaninspiration.()PeopleareamazedatandinspiredbyFranklin’sexperiment.()ScientistsquestionwhatreallyhappenedinFranklin’sexperiment.312Ⅵ.Readthewholepassageagainanddothefollowingexercises.2.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsFranklin’sstory?A.Doubtful. B.Curious.C.Objective. D.Notmentioned.3.Howdoesthispassagemainlydevelop?A.Bylistingsupportingdetailsorgivingexamples.B.Byfollowingtheorderoftime.C.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.D.Bylistingnumbersandmakingcomparisons.√√4.Whichistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroducethelegendarylifetimeofFranklin.B.Totellustodevelopcriticalthinkingandspiritofscientificexploration.C.ToinformusofFranklin’sscientificexperiment.D.ToencourageustolearnfromFranklin.√Introduction(Para.___)Para.1:_______(提出)thequestionMainbody(Paras.___)Para.2:________(解释)thestoryPara.3:_________(影响)ofthestoryPara.4:W______toquestionPara.5:W___questionConclusion(Para.___)12-565.Completethestructureofthetextindetail.FRANKLIN’SEXPERIMENT:HowMuchIsTrue?RaiseExplainInfluencehathyPost-reding1.DoyouthinkitmattersthatFranklin’sexperimentmightnotbetrue?Why?
No.Althoughitmightnotbetrue,wearestillinspiredbyhisspiritofscientificexploration.Whatreallymattersliesinhisbraveryandscientificspirittodotheexperiment.Activity1
Discussion2.Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkagreatscientistshouldhave?
Asagreatscientist,heorsheshouldhavemorethanonegoodquality,suchasbeingsmart,brave,hard-working,creative,honest,objective,persistent,curious,and
imaginative
etc.Sometimesareallygreatstorymaybenottrue,andweneedtohavecriticalthinking.Seeingisbelieving(眼见为实)Voiceyouropinionsaboutthispassage(Criticalthinking)ReflectionActivity2
SummaryNewresearchsuggeststhatBenjaminFranklin’sfamousexperimentwithlightningmaybefictioninstead1.__fact.Duringastormin1752,Franklinraisedakitewithapieceofstring2.____(tie)toit.Ametalkeywasattachedtothestring.Aflashoflightninghitthekite,andelectricity3._____________(conduct)throughthestringtothekey.Franklinthentouchedthekeywithhisfingerandgotanelectricshock.oftiedwasconductedFormanyyears,schools4.___________(teach)thestoryofFranklin’slightningexperiment.5._________,neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperiment6.___(be)entirelytrue.Thedetailaboutthestringandthekeyistrue.ButscientistsallagreethatifFranklinhad7.________(actual)touchedthekey,hewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock.Scientistsoftenquestionacceptedideasbecausetheywanttoestablishthefacts.Somehaveevenquestionedthestoryabouttheapple8.__________fellonNewton’sheadandledhim9._______(come)upwithhistheoryofgravity.Admittedly,fictionisoften10.________________(interesting)thanthetruth.Butinscience,factsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch,andweshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear—evenifitisagreatstory.havetaughtHoweverareactuallythat/whichtocomemoreinteresting1.Franklin,alongwithmanyotherscientists,hasinspiredusandtaughtusthatscientificexperimentsareimportantinordertoestablishthetruthandtocontributetowardslaterscientificdiscoveriesandinventions.[句式分析]本句是____句。句中that引导____从句;inordertoestablishthetruthandtocontribute...在从句中作____状语。[自主翻译]
Sentencesanalysis复合宾语目的
富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道,激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。2.AlthoughithasbeenprovedthatFranklin’sexperimenttookplace,morethanonescientisthasquestionedwhatreallyhappened.[句式分析]本句为____句。Although引导的是________从句,其中it为________,真正的主语是that引导的____从句;在主句中,what引导____从句,且在从句中作主语。[
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