采矿工程专业常用英语词汇

★采矿工程专业常用英语词汇★①geologicstructure地质构造geologicagegeologictermcoalfield煤田take井田reserveofthetake井田储量geologicreservecoalexploration煤层勘探explore②sedimentaryrock沉积岩metamorphoserock变质岩igneousrock火成岩alluvium冲积层coalseammineraldeposit矿床③epoch纪元、纪、代Permian二叠纪（系）Carboniferous石炭纪Cretaceous白垩纪Tertiary第三纪④fold褶曲fault断层normal～reverse～faulting断层作用⑤strike走向alongthestrikedip倾向、倾角dipangleofcoalseam煤层倾角⑥weathered风化的bituminouscoal烟煤[bi’tjuminэs]anthracite无烟煤lignite褐煤limestone石灰岩sandstone砂岩shale页岩⑦fullymechanizedcoalface综采conventionalmining普采Semi-mechanizedcoalfaceblastingmining炮采fullymechanizedsublevelcavingmining综放⑧colliery(coalmine)collieryundertaking~企业Longwallmining长壁开采Roomandpillar房柱式开采pillarandstallPanel,district,miningarea盘区采区⑨Shaft(vertical)井筒adit平硐shaftsinking井筒掘进opencastopenpit露天矿surfaceminingstripmining⑩strata(stratum)岩层stimulatedcaving强制放顶longwalladvancingretreatingroof(floor)顶（底）板main~immediate~false~11pitbottomshaftstation井底车场upcastdowncast进回风井ventilateventilationborehole钻孔drillbunker(coalbin)煤仓12Skip箕斗cage罐笼conveyor运输机beltconveyor胶带运输机AFC(ArmoredFaceConveyer)刮板输送机coalpreparation选煤Poweredroofsupport液压支架(shield)13driftentryroadwaygateroad巷道crosscut石门，横贯，捷径methane甲烷瓦斯gas~drainagegob，goaf(minedoutarea)采空区14airway风道intake~return~进风巷回风巷stress-strain应力－应变stressreliefzonede-stressed应力解除15roomdispatcher’s～pump～泵房dispatcher’sroom调度室waitingroom候车室winchengineroomfirst-aidroom16taleair乏风freshintake~tailentryheadentry顺槽heading掘进头rise~上山opening~开切眼17timber木支柱prop,jack支柱individualjacks（prop）单体支柱convergence顶底板移近、会合smooth~缓慢下沉（巷道）freesubsidencemethod（采场）18wasteheap/spoiltip矸石山spontaneouscombustion自燃hoist提升gateroad/drift/entry巷道inclinegate斜巷inclineshaft19tectonic构造的～stressminingregulationssafetyregulationsrock/undergroundpressure矿山压力Behaviorofrock/undergroundpressure矿山压力显现20floorheave底鼓thinormedium-thickseam中厚inclineseam倾向煤层sloping~steepcoalseam急倾向煤层gentlyslopping~缓倾斜煤层21crackedroof破碎顶板fracturedroofcrush,crackspacingofmainfalls放顶步距distanceofrooffallwinch小绞车caving~eakerprops/breakersupport切顶支柱withdrawalofsupport回柱propwithdrawer回柱绞车shield-typesupport掩护式支架chocksupport垛式支架常用专业英语词汇23survey(ing)测量~station观测站elevation标高elevator，lifttransit经纬仪fullcavingmethod全部跨落法partialcavingpartialbackfilling(packing)24subsidence下沉~trough~basin下沉盆地surfacestructure（building）地表建筑物surfacemovementanddeformation地表移动和变形Contour等值线下沉（Subsidence）、倾斜（Slope）、曲率（Curvature）、水平移动（Displacement）、水平变形（Horizontalstrain）25aquifer含水层coalminingaboveaconfinedaquifer承压水上采煤protectivepillar保护煤柱barrierpillar隔离煤柱26angleofdraw移动角边界角drawangleofstrata边界角surfacecracks地表裂缝Surfaceslope(incline)地表倾斜curvature曲率27Overburdenstrata上覆岩层overlyingstrata上覆岩层structuredamage建筑物损害recoveryratio采出率、回采率backfillingminingmethodfillingminingstowingminingmethod充填回采建筑物下开采(Miningunderbuildings)铁路下开采(Miningunderrailways)水体下开采(Miningunderwaterbodies)29simultaneousextraction同时开采limitedthicknessextraction限厚开采selectedextraction选择开采continuousextraction连续开采landreclaimationtechnology土地复垦技术30compressedairdrill风钻electric~电钻yieldingsupport可缩支架rigid~刚性支架roofbolting顶板锚杆resin~31auxiliaryfans局扇auxiliaryshaft副井subsidiaryshaft副井Mainshaft主井minewaterdrainage矿井排水haulagehoistinglighting运输、提升、照明32seamsubjecttorockburst易突出煤层～spontaneouscombustion易自然煤层rockburst岩爆冲击矿压surroundingrock围岩firstcost初期投资33multiplecoalseam多煤层subsoil下层基岩quarry采场、采矿场、采石场horizon区段、水平horizontal34washery洗煤＝coalpreparationplantdevelopment，Preparation，productionsystemhigh-productive&highefficientcoalmine高产高效矿井35ascendingorderdescendingminingcoalification煤化作用repairingshiftdevelopmentshiftproductivecapacity，output36standbyequipmentdeplete枯竭采完extract/mine/exploit/win/work开采cantilever悬臂梁water-bearingground含水地层37run-of-minecoal原煤rawwashedcoal，cleancoalfossilfuel化石燃料rockmechanics岩石力学dummyroad盲巷safetypillar安全煤柱38tensilestressfield（zone）拉应力区Compressivestressfieldrockmass岩体rockmechanicsincoalmining煤矿岩石力学Rockpressure岩石压力39behaviorofrockpressure矿山压力显现Stress应力；Strain应变rockstratacontrol(groundcontrol)岩层控制elasticdeformation弹性变形plasticdeformation塑性变形40rheologyofrock岩石（体）流变性virginrock[mass]/initialrock[mass]原岩（体）

virginstressofrock[mass]原岩应力initialstressofrock[mass]原岩应力virginstressfieldofrock[mass]initialstressfieldofrock[mass]原岩应力场41stressinsurroundingrock围岩应力stress-concentratedzone应力增高区virginstresszone（field）initialstresszone原岩应力区coefficientofstressconcentration应力集中系数42Support支架，支撑partialcavingmethod局部跨落法pillarsupportmethod煤柱支撑法43weak(soft)strata松软岩层hardstrata坚硬岩层unstableroof不稳定顶板loadofsupport支架载荷44mediumstableroof中等稳定顶板stableroof稳定顶板hardroof;strongroof坚硬顶板classificationofroof顶板分类classify45settingload初撑力yieldload额定工作阻力supportload支护阻力propdensity支柱密度46loaddensity;supportingintensity支护强度ribspalling片帮impactload冲击载荷47firstweighting初次来压periodicweighting(o