浅析《罗密欧与朱丽叶》折射出的西方爱情观

ChapterOneIntroductionThestoryofRomeoandJulietwasfirstpublishedintheworksofItalianMasuccio,andlater,DaBottesettledtheprotagonistofthestoryinthecityofVerona.ShakespeareadaptedthisstorythroughArthurBrooke's3020linesofstageplay,sothemostdirectoriginofRomeoandJulietisthetragedyofArthurBrooke'sRomeoandJuliet(1526).InthestudyofRomeoandJuliet,thedefinitionisusuallybasedontheromantictragedyofmenandwomen,butitreflectsdifferentviewsonloveratherthansimplelovetragedies.InRomeoandJuliet,Shakespeareretainedthetraditionalviewofloveandinnovated,placingtheancientconceptofloveinthehistoricalcontextoftheRenaissancetoexpressdifferentaspectsoflove.Therefore,RomeoandJulietaredifferenttypesofloveviews,ratherthanasimpletragedy.ThemainpurposeofthisarticleistodemonstratethevarioustypesoflovethatRomeoandJulietcontain.Loveisthemostcomplexconceptinliteratureandhumanhistory,andthereisnospecificideologicalsystemthatcandefineit.Shakespeareinheritedtheinnovativeandtraditionalconceptsoflove,includingOvidstylelove,Lucretianstylelove,palacechurchlove,andChristianlove.Intheory,thedifferenttypesofloveinRomeoandJuliethelptounderstandtheconceptofloveduringtheRenaissance.Inapracticalsense,thelovereflectedinRomeoandJulietisamanifestationofdifferenttypesoflove,ratherthanatragedybetweentwoyoungpeopleinlove.IthasinfluencedtheformationoflovetraditionsintheWesternworld.InRomeoandJuliet,differenttypesoflovecanprovidereferenceforpeople,formtheirownconceptoflove,andmaketherightmoralchoicesincontemporarysociety.

ChapterTowTheStoryBackgroundofRomeoandJuliet2.1StoryRomeoandJulietisaplaycreatedbyWilliamShakespeare,aBritishplaywright.Becauseofitspopularity,itisoftenmisunderstoodasoneofthefourtragediesofWilliamShakespeare(actuallyMacbeth,Othello,KingLearandHamlet).TheplaymainlytellsthestorythatJuliet,thedaughteroftheItaliannobleCapuletfamily,andRomeo,thesonoftheMontaguefamily,loveeachothersincerely,butareblockedbythefeudbetweenthetwofamiliesforgenerations.Theybothdieforlove.Therefore,manypeoplebelievethatRomeoandJulietisatragedy.Butthetragedyinthestoryisonlythetragedyoftheending,andthelovebetweenthemaleandfemaleprotagonistsisnotatragedy.Theynotonlyloveeachother,butalsodaretopursuetheirownloveandarewillingtoresistwiththeirlives.Theirlovepowerenablesthemtofacefamilyhatredandchallengeobstaclesinlife.Inordertopursueanewwayoflife,theyarenotafraidtobecomelambsforredemption.Therefore,althoughdeathwastheendoftheirlives,theyachievedmoralvictoryandultimatelyreconciledthetwofamilies.Manyscholarsandcriticscallthisplayatragedyofoptimism,thatis,atragicomedy.RomeoandJuliet,asacontinuouslybloomingfloweroflove,alwaysdisplayseternalartisticcharm.Itsartistryismainlymanifestedintheconcentrateddevelopmentofthestoryplot.Thefirstistheconcentrationofsuspense.Usean"openingpoem"tofirsttelltheaudiencetheoutcomeofthestory,solvethemysteryofthecharacter's"what",andthenfocusonhowthetragedywascaused,emphasizingtheexplanationofthecharacter's"how".Nextistheconcentrationoftheplot.Theoriginalfolkstorywaswrittenforfourtofiftydays,andShakespeareconcentrateditintofourdaystoexpressit.Onthefirstnight,RomeoandJulietmetataball,andthen,latethatnight,theypouredouttheirloveinthegarden.Thenextday,thetwosecretlywenttothemonasterytogetmarried.Onthesameday,RomeokilledJuliet'scousinontheroadandwasexpelledbytheprince'sruling.Julietheardtheunfortunatenewsathomeandwasverysad.Thatnight,RomeoslippedintoJuliet'sbedroomandspentthenightwithher.Thenextday,atdawn,theypartedways,whichlaterdevelopedintotragedy.2.2AuthorBackgroundWilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)isthemostimportantwriterintheEnglishandEuropeanRenaissance.HewasbornintoamerchantfamilyinStratford,centralEngland.Whenhewasinhisteens,hereceivedbasiceducationinalocalschool,studyingLatin,philosophy,andhistory.Later,duetofamilyreasons,heleftschooltomakealiving.WhenShakespearewasachild,manyfamoustheatricalgroupstouredthecountryside,whichcultivatedhislovefordrama.Around1585,helefthishometownforLondonandworkedinatheaterforthefirsttime,thenbecameanactorandadaptedandwrotescripts.Inadditiontoparticipatingintheatricalperformancesandwriting,Shakespearealsodelvedintosocietyandfrequentlytraveledtothecourtorcountrysidewiththetheatertroupe.Theseexperiencesbroadenedhishorizonsandlaidthefoundationforhiscreation.1590-1600istheearlyperiodofShakespeare'sworks,alsoknownastheperiodofhistoricaldramaandcomedy.Duringthisperiod,Shakespeare'shumanismandartisticstylegraduallydeveloped.Atthattime,QueenElizabeth'spowerwascatchingupwiththestableandunifiedmonarchyandtheprosperouseconomy.Shakespeareisfullofconfidenceinrealizinghumanismidealintherealsociety,andhisworksarefullofoptimismandbrightcolors.Shakespeare'sworksdeeplyreflectthestyleandnatureofthetimesandsociety,startingfromtherealityoflife.Hebelievesthatdrama"seemstomirrornature,showvirtueone'sownappearance,showabsurdityone'sownposture,andshowtheeraandsocietyone'sownimageandimprint".MarxandEngelspraisedShakespeareasaclassicalrealistwriterandsuggestedthatdramaticworksshouldresembleShakespeare.Thisisacreativeprincipleproposedtoaddresstheshortcomingsof"turningindividualsintoapuremicrophoneforthespiritofthetimes"indramacreation.Theso-calledShakespearianizationrequireswriterstobeabletopresentabroadsocialbackgroundfromreallife,providetypicalcharactersandeventenvironments,andenrichhistoricalfeatureslikeShakespeare.Theworkshouldbevividandrich,withdistinctivecharactersandtypicalmeanings.Therealisticdescriptionintheworkshouldbecleverlycombinedwiththeromanticatmosphere,thelanguageshouldberichandexpressive,andtheauthor'stendencyshouldbeconcealedandnaturallyrevealedintheplotandcharacterdescription.2.3SocialBackgroundRomeoandJulietisanearlytragedycreatedbyShakespeareandalsohisfirstmaturetragedy.Theworkispermeatedwiththeatmosphereof"springandyouth"everywhere,soitiscalledaromanticlovetragedy.Attheendofthe16thcentury,theRenaissancebeganandBritishfeudalismcollapsed.TheEuropeanParliamentandCouncilshouldadoptadecisionontheapplicationofgoodhumanityinrealsociety,inaccordancewithordinarylegislativeprocedures,andtheirworkisfullofoptimismandbrightness.Theemergenceoftheemergingbourgeoisieasanewsocialforceonthehistoricalstagemeansnotonlychangesintheeconomicfoundationandclassstructure,butalsochangesinthesuperstructure.Thebourgeoisiebroughtitsownoutlookonlifeandworldviewintohistory,anditconcentratedonhumanisminthisperiod.Humanismopposedthesocialandethicalrelationsinthefeudalera.Theysuggestplacing'human'atthecenterasthestartingpointforallideasandactions,opposingtheocraticdesignandhawkishauthority,anddemandinghumanpoweranddignity.Theyopposethedemandtoprohibitallhobbies,pleasures,andpursuits.Opposechurchignoranceandscholasticphilosophythatdeviatesfromreality,praisehumanwisdomandpower,advocaterationalcognition,andadvocatenaturalexploration.ThefundamentalconflictinRomeoandJulietisnotonlyaconflictbetweentwopotentialfamilies,butalsoaconflictbetweentwosocialforces.ThecomparisonbetweenthesetwofeudalfamiliesalsorevealsthesocialcontrastoftimeandthesocialrootsofthetragiclovestorybetweenRomeoandJuliet.Inthereform,whenhumanswereunabletocompeteideologicallywiththeentirefeudalthinkers,theyfirstemphasizedthatlovewaspowerandusedittobreakthefeudalhierarchyandchallengethetraditionalconceptoffeudalnobility.

ChapterThreeTheexpressionofRomeoandJuliet'sviewoflove3.1Ovid'sviewofloveTheancientRomanpoetOvidwrotetheloveeducationpoemTheArtofLove,whichmainlydescribeshowtolove,howtopursuethefavorofthepersonyoulove,andregardsloveasagame.ForOvid,heisnotanalyzingordeconstructingthemeaningoflove,butguidingpeopletopracticehowtoloveandexpresslove.Therefore,peoplealsorefertoOvid'sartofloveastheartoflife.3.1.1TheMaincharacteristicsofOvid'sviewofloveTheOvidstyleviewoflovemainlyhastwocharacteristics:thetechniqueoflove;Loveislikeagame.Ovid'seducationalpoemTheArtofLovemainlydescribesthetechnologyoflove,nottheartofsoul,butthepreciseformattingandroutineoflifeart.Inthefirsttwopartsofthepoem,Ovidprovidesadvicetomenonhowtohunttheirbeloved,howtomaintainrelationships,howtousetheater,banquets,andotheroccasionstobringrelationshipscloser,andhowtoaddimpressionsindetails,suchasappropriatephysicalcontact,rememberingbirthdays,writingloveletterswell,andusingclosepeoplearoundmaids.Healsodemandedthatwomenpayattentiontotheimportanceoftheirappearance,clothing,makeup,andbehavior,asmusic,art,poetry,dance,andgamesareindispensable.Hislovepoemsdepictthepsychologyoflove,especiallythepsychologyofwomen,inasubtleway,thusopeningupanewrealmforthecreationoflovepoetry.ThedescriptionofthetechniquesoflovebetweenloversinfluencedShakespeare'schoiceofdramaticthemesandpoeticstyles.InthelatterpartofTheArtofLove,Ovidstatesthatloveislikeagameandprovidesadvicetowomenonhowtoleveragewomen'sstrengthsinloveandavoidfallingintothetrapoflove.Hementionsthatmenwholiketoshowofftheirclothingandbeauty,andeachhairhasitsownposition,shouldbeignored.Whattheysaytoyouhasalreadybeentoldtomillionsofwomen.Ovidexpressesthatloveisillusory,complex,anddiverse,justlikeagame.ThisisalsotrueinShakespeare'sRomeoandJuliet.3.1.2Ovid'sViewofLoveinRomeoandJulietThefirstinfluenceofOvid'sviewonloveonShakespearewasthatlovehasatechnicalnature.Loveinlifeisnotsimplyabouttheloveofthesoul,butratheraboutpracticalandformalizedlove.WhenOvidwroteabouthowmenmaintainloveandhowtomakewomenfeelgoodaboutthem,hesaidthatbypraisingandpraising,womencanhaveabetterimpressionofmen.InRomeoandJuliet,itismainlyreflectedinRomeo'sloveforJulietatfirstsightandhisdeepexpressionofhisgoddesslikepraiseforJulietinthebackyard,inordertowinherheart.WhenJulietaskedhimhowheclimbedontothecourtyardwall,Romeosaid,"Iflewoverthecourtyardwallwiththelightwingsoflove,becausethebrickandstonewallscannotblocklove,andthepoweroflovemakesmetakerisks.RomeoattributedeverythingtohisbraveandintenseloveforJuliet.Secondly,Ovidalsoadvocatesthatmencanachievetwicetheresultwithhalftheeffortbystartingfrompeoplearoundwomen.Forexample,hesuggeststhatmenshouldfirstunderstandmaidsbeforegettingtoknowwomen:"Aperson'smaid,asyourfirstcare,willsmoothyourpath."InRomeoandJuliet,Julietdoesnothaveamaid,buthernurseplaystheroleofamaid,andRomeotriestoleaveagoodimpressiononthenurse,AndIwanttoprovethatheisapersonwhowillkeephispromises.Withoutthehelpofanursingmother,JulietcouldnotsecretlymarryRomeo.ThesecondinfluenceofOvid'sviewonloveonShakespeareisthatloveislikeagame.ThisismainlymanifestedintheexpansionofRomeo'sloveforCatherineandJuliet.ForOvid,aman'sloverisnottheonlyone.Foraman,theimportantthingistofindthewomanhelikes.InRomeoandJuliet,RomeofellinlovewithRosalynforthefirsttimebecauseherrefusalplungedhimintosadness.HisfriendsadvisedhimtotrytogetoutofthesadnessandadvisedRomeotouseasenseoffreshnesstobreakthroughthefeelingsofheartbreak,Andhesaid,"Whenyouseeher,becausenooneelseisaroundandyouonlyhaveherinyoureyes,youthinksheisbeautiful.Butifyoucomparehertothegirlsatthebanquet,shewillfeelashamedatthattime".ButRomeorefusedthissuggestionandrefusedtodedicatehislovetoanotherwoman,statingthatRosalynisthemostbeautifulwomanintheworld.Butwhat'sinterestingisthatheimmediatelychangedwhenhemetJulietatCapulet'smaskedball.Hesuddenlychangedhismindandsaidhedidn'tseethetrulybeautifulgirluntiltonight.Intheprefaceofthesecondact,Shakespearewrote:"Now,ancientdesireslieonhisdeathbed,andanyyoungaffectionlongstobecomehisheir".Romeo'sloveforRosalyndisappeared,andhisnewaffectionforJulietalleviatedhissadness.LoveinRomeoislikeagame,changinganddiverse,andnotunique.Secondly,intheeraofShakespeare,manyadultgameshadapornographicelement,andintheMiddleAgesandRenaissance,thepornographyinthegamesbecamemoreexplicit.ThissocialcostumewasalsoreflectedinRomeoandJuliet,andtheCapulets'masqueradeballwasatypicalexample.3.2LucretianviewofloveLucretius,aphilosopherofancientRome,wasatypicalmaterialistwhoemphasizedthattheworldwasamaterialworld,withreasontriumphingoversensibility.Hehastwomainviewsonlove:thefirstistotreatloverationallyandopposethefeelingofloveunderblindstimulation;thesecondisthatloveisacombinationofsweetnessandpain,thatis,loveisadouble-edgedsword.3.2.1ThemaincharacteristicsofLucretianloveThemaincharacteristicsofLucretio'sviewofloveare:loveasamaterialobject;Loveisacombinationofsweetnessandpain.LukeLaixiuwarnspeopletotreatloverationally.Hebelievesthatloveisamaterialemotion.Fromtheperspectiveofmaterialism,theeconomicfoundationdeterminesthesuperstructure,solovewillalsobeaffectedbymaterials.Itwillbreakintoourpeacefullifeanddisruptourlifepath,whichisgeneratedbyblindpassion.Intheprocessoflove,wealwaystransitiontofantasies,shapingbeautifulqualitiesfortheobjectoflove,andtreatingitinourheartsasaperfectperson,justliketheancientChinesesaying"beautyisintheeyesofthelover".Therefore,inhisgreatpoem"OntheEssenceofThings",Luciusadvisedandexplainedthat"loveisgreedyandcanneverbesatisfied,aseathatblindspeopleisamirage."Forhim,greatpassionisequivalenttogreatfoolishness.Heattemptedtoobjectifylove,objectivelyexplainhumanbehaviorinlove,warnhumanstoovercomeblindpassionwithrationality,andadvisehumansto"preventtroublebeforeithappens",It'snotaboutbeingindifferentandgivinguponlove,"butratherprovidingthreesuggestions:first,don'tmaketheobjectoflovetooperfect,butalwaysremindyourselfoftheotherperson'sflawstopreventoneselffromfallingintoillusion;Secondly,weshouldtrylovewithdifferentpeople,notputinalltheeffortanddedicationforoneperson;Thirdly,evenifyouarehitbysomeone,don'tletthemdown,butusenewlovetohealoldwounds.Loveisacombinationofsweetandpainfulemotions;InLucretio'sview,loveisadouble-edgedsword,whichcangeneratesweethappinessandputpeopleonthebrinkofcollapse.Oncewefallinlove,itmeansputtingouremotions,emotions,andjoysintothehandsoftheotherperson.Asmileorcomplimentfromalovedonecancheerusupandmakeushappyallday.Onthecontrary,anargumentorafewperfunctorywordsmayruinourgoodmood.Wecompletelydetermineourownjoysandsorrowsbasedonthehappinessofothers.Indulgingoneselfinthiswayandplungingoneselfintothewhirlpoolofloveisalifewithoutautonomyandenslavedbyothers.3.2.2LucretianLoveViewinRomeoandJulietIn"RomeoandJuliet",FatherLawrenceismainlyreflectedintheconcernsofFriarLawrenceaboutthelovebetweenRomeoandJuliet.Intheplay,FatherLawrenceisnotonlyawitnesstotheloveandhatredbetweenRomeoandJuliet,butalsoaguideandaprophetofthelovebetweenRomeoandJuliet.HedidnotopposethelovebetweenRomeoandJuliet,butinsteadsupportedthem.Buthefeltextremelyworriedaboutthehastyandblindlovebetweenthetwo.Hebelievesthatthegrudgesbetweenthetwofamilieshavenotyetbeenresolved,andthemarriagebetweenRomeoandJulietisstilluntimely.ThisisalsoreflectedinLawrence'swordsbeforehostingtheweddingofRomeoandJuliet:"Thiswildjoywillhaveawildending,justlikeakissoffireandgunpowder,whichdisappearsinthemostproudmoment.Thesweetesthoneycannumbthetaste;lessintenselovewilllastforalongtime.Toofastortooslow,theresultwillnotbeperfect".ThisisFatherLawrence'sadvicetothesetwoyoungpeople,whichalsoexpressesthemeaningofloveinhiseyes,thatloveisworthwaitingfor,donotbeblindlyimpulsive,loveisthepoisonproducedbyblindpassion.TheexperiencesofRomeoandJulietperfectlyconfirmthistruth.Thesuddenlovebetweenthetwo,simpleandpassionate,fellinloveatfirstsight,completelydisregardingtheconfrontationalsituationbetweenthetwofamiliesandtheconflictsthatmayariseaftertheirmarriage.Theyinsistedonthepriestholdingaprivateweddingforthemandmakinganagreement,whichultimatelyledtotheendofthetwo'smartyrdom.ThesecondLucretiuswarnedpeoplethatloveisacombinationofsweetnessandpain.WhenRomeofirstappearedintheplay,hisinflatedloveforRosalindcausedhimpainandsadness.Romeowaslostinlove,sufferingfromthepainofunsatisfiedpassion.Rosalinedidn'taccepthislove,sohefeltlikehewas"deadalive.ButaftermeetingJulietandgainingherlove,Romeosaid,"Thenewloveisdifferentfrombefore.Ilovehernow,theelegantloveallowsforlove,andtheotherdoesn't.Soloveisacombinationofpainandsweetness".3.3ChristianviewofloveFaithpermeatesallthelivesofChristians,withloveasthecenterandthepurposeofexploringandlivinglove.Christianshaveauniqueunderstandingofthelovebetweenmenandwomen,marriage,andtheexperienceoflove.Theydefineloveastwoforms,oneislustfulloveandtheotherisunpaidlove,andthehighestrealmpursuedbyChristiansisunpaidlove.Theybelievethatloveisholyandgreat,anembodimentofgoodcharacterthatcaninfluencethesecularworld,andisapursuitthatsparesnoeffortuntildeath.3.3.1ThemaincharacteristicsofChristianloveviewThemaincharacteristicofChristianloveviewisthatloveisthesupremevirtue,andlovebearsthemarkofdeath.Christiansbelievethatloveisnotaspecificvirtue,butisincludedineveryvirtue.Lovecanmakesecularloveasacredvirtue,anditconnectspeopleandGodbecause"Godgiveshimselflove,andthroughthislove,onecantrulyloveGodandothers."Intheloveofvirtue,humanityisgiventhehighestgood.Christianlovealsocarriesthemarkofdeath,andlovealwayscomeswithdeath.Thehighestlevelofloveistosacrificeforlove,andloveispureandinviolable.3.3.2ChristianviewofloveinRomeoandJulietChristianloveismainlyembodiedintwopartsinRomeoandJuliet:prophecyofdeathandthebranchofLawrenceThereligiousvirtueofloveinRomeoandJulietismainlymanifestedinthesupportofFriarLawrenceforRomeoandJuliet'smarriage.Intheplay,hemainlyhelpedRomeoandJulietthreetimes.Thefirsttime,hesecretlypresidedovertheweddingofRomeoandJulietinachurch;Thesecondtime,heprovidedassistancetoJulietafterRomeowasexiled;Forthethirdtime,healsogaveJulietafakedeathpilltopreventherfrommarryingTilburg.Lawrencewaswellawarethatdoingsowouldleadtotragedy,buthebelievedthatmarriagewasnotonlyaconnectionbetweenhumanityandthedivineGod,butalsoabondthatcouldbeestablishedbetweentwofamilies.HebelievedthatthisunioncouldeliminatehatredbetweenthetwofamiliesandbringpeacetoVerona,whichwaswhyLawrencehelpedRomeoandJuliet.Intheplay,Lawrence,ontheonehand,regardsthefaithandvirtuesofChristianityasthenormsofbehavior,andontheotherhand,heunderstandsthementalityofyoungpeopleandsupportstheirpursuitofhappinessandfreedom.HealsoemphasizesthatthemarriagebetweenRomeoandJulietissacredandcannotbedesecrated.InthehistoryofWesternliterature,loveanddeathareeternalthemes,andShakespeare,influencedbytheChristianconceptoflove,alsoregardeddeathastheendpointoflove.Inthefinalsceneoftheplay,RomeoandJulietdrinkafakedeathpillwiththehelpofapriestbecausetheydonotwanttobeforcedtomarryTilburg.RomeolearnsofthenewsofJuliet'sdeathandmournsforlove.AfterJulietwakesupfromhermedication,sherealizesthatRomeohasleftherandisdeterminedtosacrifice.Ultimately,itleadstotheendingofsacrificingloveforbothpartners,andRomeoandJuliet'sapproachofsacrificingloveincludesChristians'viewsondeathandlove.3.4Court-styleviewofloveItisdifferentfromthatChristiansregardloveasthesupremereligiousvirtue.Courtloveregardsloveasanewreligion.Thewordcourtlove"ItdidnotoriginateintheMiddleAges.Itwasnotintroduceduntil1883,whichhasaninseparablerelationshipwiththedevelopmentofknightcultureinthe12thcenturyandthepoetrycreationofminstrels.UnlikeChristianlove,courtlovemeansthatnobleknightsinEuropeintheMiddleAgesexpressedtheiradmirationandpraiseoflovetonobleladies,emphasizingthenobleandchivalryspirit.Knightssetoutonanadventuretripoutofcourtlove,doingvariousthingsorservicesforladies,essentiallyspeaking,Courtloveisanexperiencebetweeneroticdesireandspiritualachievement.Itisakindoflovethatisbothunjustandcanpromotemorality,fullofstimulationandself-discipline,humiliatingandnoble,humanandtranscendent.3.4.1Themaincharacteristicsofcourt-styleloveviewThetwomainpointsofcourtloveare:loveisavirtueandloveisanadventure.Loveisaformofworship;Palacestyleloveisalsocalled"politelove"and"gentleman'slove".Thechivalrousmanwillcourteouslypursuethelady,throughpraise,andwhatthemangainsisthelady'sworshipofhim,whichmakestheloverandthelovednoble,becominganidealofmankind.Treatloveasanadventure;Theviewthatloveisanadventuredirectlyreflectsatraditionofcourtlove-loveatfirstsight.Beingobsessedwithloveisalsoaccompaniedbyasecret"secretrelationshipbetweentwopeople"or"extramaritallove".Therefore,whencourtlyloveappears,itmustbeaburningfire,appearingparticularlypureandideal3.4.2Thecourt-styleviewofloveinRomeoandJulietThecourtlyloveinRomeoandJulietismainlyreflectedinShakespeare'suseofmanyconceptsofcourtlylovetodescribetheencounterbetweenRomeoandJulietandtheirpraiseandflatterytowardseachother.Intheplay,RomeoandJuliet'scomplimentarywordsclearlydemonstratehowthesetwoyoungloversappreciateeachother,Andconsidertheotherpartyasone'sown'faith'.Firstly,in'MaskedBall'WhenRomeoandJulietfirstmetatamaskedballinCapulet,theyfellinloveataglanceandtogetherwroteasonnet.Thissonnetexpressestheambiguousfeelingsthatlovershadwhentheyfirstmet,givingusasubtlefeelingabouttherelationshipbetweenRomeoandJuliet,andalsoreflectingtheiradmirationforeachother.WhenJulietstoppedRomeofromswearingtothemoon,shesaid,"Don'tsweartothemoon,itisunpredictable.SowhatshouldIswearto?Don'tswear,orifyouarewilling,swearbyyourbeautifulself.ThatistheidolIadmire,andIbelieveyouwill."Eventhemoonwasdirectlyexcludedfromtheworldoftwopeople.InJuliet'sheart,Romeoisasymboloflove,Itisanidolofworship,whichfullyaccuratelyexpressesthatloveisaformofworshipincourtlove.Loveisanadventurousconceptthatisinseparablefromknightlyculture.Ontheonehand,mensecretlysocializewithwomen,andontheotherhand,menarewillingtotakeriskswhenchasingwomen.Inthedrama,theencounterbetweenRomeoandJulietisfullofpotentialdangeranddeaththreats.Theymeetsecretlyandarealsoafraidofbeingdiscoveredbyhim.Inthedrama,eachencounterofthetwoloversislikeanadventure,alwaysaccompaniedbythreatsanddeathdangersfromdifferentpeople.Incourtlylove,whetherawoman'sfeelingsoraman'sfeelings,heshouldbeobedient,firm,loyal,anddeterminedtooverthrowallobstacles.Shakespeareconcentratedthestoryof'RomeoandJuliet'withinfivedays.Duringthesefivedays,theencounterbetweenRomeoandJulietwasasecret,alwaysaccompaniedbyimagesofdangeranddeath.Secondly,inthefamousbalconyscene,atthebeginningofthegardenscene,Romeoclimbedontothewallandjumpedintotheorchard.Undoubtedly,duringRomeo'sfirstadventure,Julietwarnedhim,"Thewallsoftheorchardareveryhighanddifficulttoclimb,andhewillfalltodeath.ButRomeowaswillingtotakerisksforit,believingthatJulietwasaworshipofhimandhisbehaviorwaslikethatofaknight.Thirdly,inthegardenscene,thethreatcomesfromJuliet'sparents.WiththehelpofLawrenceandthenurse,RomeoandJuliethadtheopportunitytosecretlymeetafterRomeowasexiled.Romeodeliveredapowerfulspeech,provingthatifJulietwerewilling,hewouldbewillingtodie.ThissceneperfectlydemonstratesRomeo'ssteadfastnessandthechivalryinhim.

ChapterFourThecausesoftheconceptofloveinRomeoandJuliet4.1FamilybackgroundTheconceptoflovedepictedinRomeoandJulietstemsfromitsfamilyenvironment,whereonepersonisnurturedbytheother,andtheimpactofdifferentfamilyenvironmentsonpeopleisalsodifferent.AlthoughRomeoandJulietcomefromdifferentfamilies,evenhostilefamilies,theirfamilynatureisthesame.BoththeMontaguefamilyandtheCapuletfamilyar