高中英语必修1Unit5Section2课时达标训练

Ⅰ.拼写单词1．Whatsortofsubstance(物质)couldwithstandthosetemperatures?2．Hehasonlyoneaim(目的)inlife—tobeerich.3．Atthisstage(阶段)it'simpossibletoknowwhetherourplanwillsucceed.4．Whenwaterboils(沸腾)itturnsintosteam.5．Metalscontract(收缩)astheygetcooler.6．Thesubstancesareformed(形成)fromamixtureofliquidssolidifying(凝固)underpressure.7．Weweredressedupforthepartybutshewasstillinherordinary(普通的)clothes.8．Hismodestbusinesseventuallyexpanded(扩展)intoasupermarketempire.9．Ifyouaddtoomuchliquid(液体),themixturewillnotbethickenough.10．Youcanfloat(漂浮)veryeasilyin/ontheDeadSeabecauseit'ssosalty.Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．mixturen．混合物→mixv．混合2．electricityn．电→electricaladj.与电有关的；用电的3．conclusionn．结论→concludev．得出结论；结束4．reactv．反应→reactionn．反应5．equipmentn．设备；装备→equipv．装备；配备6．partialadj.部分的；局部的→partiallyadv.部分地；偏袒地→partn．部分[巧记单词]词根词形变化构词点拨concludeconclusion动词加sion构成名词reactreaction动词加(t)ion构成名词equipequipment动词加ment构成名词Ⅲ.补全短语1．add...to...往……加入……2．reactwith与……起(化学)反应3．in_conclusion最后；总之4．put...inorder把……按顺序排列5．keep...outof把……关在外面6．thinkof想；考虑7．findout弄清楚；查明1．[教材原句]Two­thirdsoftheearth'ssurfaceiswater.地球表面三分之二是水。[句型点拨]分数词作主语时谓语动词的单复数问题。[佳句赏析]我们四分之三的工作要用电脑做。Threequartersofourworkisdonebytheputer.2．[教材原句]Itishardtothinkofaworldwithoutmetals.一个没有金属的世界是难以想象的。[句型点拨]Itis＋adj.＋todo...。[佳句赏析]对美好的事物感恩很容易，然而，硕果累累的人生属于那些对挫折也心存感激的人。Itiseasytobethankfulforthegoodthings,whilealifeofrichfulfillmentestothosewhoarealsothankfulforthesetbacks.3．[教材原句]Hereisatablewiththemetalsthatreactmostatthetop,andthemetalsthatreactleastatthebottom.这里有一个表格，反应强的金属在上面，反应弱的在下面。[句型点拨]here置于句首，主语是名词，句子用全部倒装语序。[佳句赏析]Alice,生日快乐，送你一件礼物。Alice,happybirthday!Hereisasmallgiftforyou.4．[教材原句]Aquarteristhesameas25percent(25%)．四分之一相当于百分之二十五(25%)。[句型点拨]thesameas“和……一样”为固定结构，as不可换作其他词，as后可接名词、代词、副词，也可接从句。[佳句赏析]我的包和你的一样。Mybagisthesameasyours.1．Two­thirdsoftheearth'ssurfaceiswater.(P41)地球表面三分之二是水。★“分数(百分数)＋of＋名词(代词)”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。①Onlyone­thirdoftheworkhasbeendonebynow.到现在为止仅完成了三分之一的工作。②Two­thirds_of_the_students_agree_toholdaneveningpartyfortheirteacher'sbirthday.三分之二的学生同意为老师的生日举行一个晚会。[名师点津]在英语中，表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词要用复数，分母若是2和4，分别用half和quarter代替。1/3onethird4/5fourfifths3/7threesevenths3/4threequarters2．Itishardtothinkofaworldwithoutmetals.(P44)很难想象一个没有金属的世界。★本句中it为形式主语，不定式短语tothinkof...是真正的主语。①Itisnoteasytofinishthetaskinsuchashorttime.在这么短的时间内完成这项任务不容易。(1)在Itis＋adj.＋(forsb.)todosth.句型中，形容词只能说明不定式所表示的行为的性质或特点，不能说明不定式的执行者。常见形容词：difficult,easy,hard，important，impossible，necessary，possible等。(2)在Itis＋adj.＋(ofsb.)todosth.句型中，形容词说明不定式的逻辑主语的品行、性格、性质等，该句型通常可改为sb.＋be＋adj.＋todosth.。常见形容词：nice,good,stupid,silly,careful等。(3)Itis＋adj./n．＋that­从句。(4)Itisnogood/use＋doingsth.“做某事是没有好处/用的”。②It's_very_important_for_us_to_learnEnglishwell.对我们来说，学好英语很重要。③It_is_very_nice_of_you_to_helpme.你能帮助我真是太好了。④It_is_no_good_tryingthatmethod,becauseitwon'twork.尝试那种方法没有意义，因为它不起作用。3．Differentmetalshavedifferentuses,forexample,steelisusedincars,andironisusedinelectricalequipment.(P44)不同的金属有不同的用途，例如，钢被用于汽车，铁被用于电器设备。★equipmentn．设备；装备①Thestoresellstentsandothercampingequipment.这家商店出售帐篷和其他野营设备。equipv．装备equipsb./sth.withsth.用某物装备某人/某物beequippedwith...装备着……equipsb.for...使某人有能力做……②Theirschoolsare_very_poorly/well_equipped.他们学校装备简陋/齐全。③Thesoldierswere_well_equipped_withweaponsandammunition.士兵们装备好了武器和弹药。④Agoodeducationshouldequip_you_forlife.良好的教育能使你受用终生。[名师点津]equipment为不可数名词，表示一件器材时要用apieceofequipment。4．Thereactionofmetalswiththesesubstancescanbeputinorder.(P44)金属与这些物质的反应程度可以按顺序排列起来。★put...inorder把……按顺序排好①Puteverythinginorderbeforeyouleavetheroom.离开房间前把所有的东西都整理好。(1)inorder有序(地)；整齐outoforder无序(地)；发生故障intheorderof...按照……的次序(2)inorder(not)todo为了(不)做某事inorderthat...以便；为了……②I'vegotamechanicwhokeepsmycarin_order．我有个汽车修理工，他把我的车保养得很好。③Ifyouknowthatyourwork­lifebalanceisout_of_orderthenyouneedtochangethat.如果你知道你的工作和生活之间的平衡出现了问题，那么你需要改变。④In_order_to_dothisyouhavetobuildupconfidence.为了做到这一点，你一定要建立起自信。5．Whichofthemetalsinthetablereactsthemostwithoxygenandwater？(P44)表格中的哪一个金属与氧气和水反应最厉害？★reactv．反应，起作用，反动①Ironseasilyreactwithwater.铁与水很容易反应。(1)reactto对……作出反应，起反应reactwith与……产生化学反应reactagainst反对；反抗(2)reactionn.反应；起作用(常与介词to连用)②Willthepeopleeverreact_againstthisdictator?有朝一日人民会起来反抗这个独裁者吗？③Wewonderedhowhereacted_tothenews.我们想知道他对这个消息反应如何。④Herarrestproducedanimmediatereactionfromthepress.她被捕的事立刻在新闻界引起反响。6．Aim:Tofindoutifironrusts(a)indryair；(b)inwaterthathasnoairinit(air­freewater)；(c)inordinarywater.(P45)目的：验证铁在下列情况下是否会生锈：(a)在干燥的空气中；(b)在不含空气的水中；(c)在普通的水中。★aimn．目标，目的v.对准目标；打算①Takecarefulaimatthetargetbeforefiring.开火之前仔细瞄准目标。(1)withtheaimof...为了……takeaim(at...)瞄准(……)(2)aim...at...用……瞄准/对准……aimtodosth./aimatdoingsth.旨在做……，打算做……beaimedat...旨在；目的在于②Wemustaimat_increasing/to_increaseexports.我们要力求增加出口货物。③Ourcooperationisopenandtransparent,andis_aimed_atmutualbenefitandmondevelopment.我们的合作是开放的、透明的，目的是实现互利共赢、共同发展。④He_aimed_his_gun_at_thetarget,firedandmissedit.他用枪瞄准目标开火，却未打中。7．Addsomeoiltothewater.(P45)在水中加些油。★add...to...把……添加到……①Addsomemilktocoffee.在咖啡里加点牛奶。addto增加；增添addup加起来；有意义addupto加起来达到；意味着②Thatwilladd_tomypleasure.那样会增加我的乐趣。③Thewaiteradded_upthefoodcheck.侍者把饭菜的钱算了一下。④Hiswholeschooleducationadded_up_tonomorethanoneyear.他的整个学校教育加起来总共不到一年。8．Thiswillkeepairoutofthewater.(P45)这会将空气隔在水外。★keep...outof...使……不进入……；使……置身于……之外①Keepthedogoutofthestudy.别让那只狗进入书房。keepoff避开；不让……接近keepupwith跟上；不落后；赶上keepawayfrom远离；离开；不参与②Keep_off_thebaddoginorderthattobebittenbyit.远离那条恶狗，以防被它咬到。③Heisstudyinghardtokeep_up_withhisclassmates.他正努力学习以赶上他的同学。9．ConclusionIrondoesnotrustindryair.(P45)结论铁在干燥的空气中不生锈。★conclusionn．结论；结束①Whatledyoutothatconclusion?什么导致你产生那种结论？(1)arriveat/eto/draw/reachaconclusion(fromsth.)(从……中)得出结论makeaconclusion下结论inconclusion最后；总而言之(2)concludevt.下结论；推断；结束②Iarrived_at/drew/came_to/reached_the_conclusion_thathehadbeenlying.我看他是在撒谎。③In_conclusion,_ourjobisimportant.Itisnotonlyasourceofine,butalsoasourceofprideandachievement.总之，工作很重要，它不仅仅是收入的来源，也是自尊及成就感的来源。10．Ironrustsinordinarywater.(P45)铁在普通水中会生锈。★ordinaryadj.普通的，平常的①Intheordinarywayhewouldhaveewithus,buthe'snotfeelingwell.在一般情况下他都和我们一起来，只是他现在身体不舒服。②Iliketowearordinaryclothes.我喜欢穿平常的衣服。[易混辨析]mon强调“常见的，不足为奇的”，意为“共同的，公共的，共有的，普通的”，短语：monsense“常识”ordinary(与众多同类的东西相比)强调“平常的，平淡无奇的”usual“通常的；惯常的；惯例的”，强调依照惯例来判断；有“遵循常规”之意。短语：asusual“像往常一样”normal指“正常的，正规的，常态的，一般的”。短语：returntonormal“恢复正常”选用以上词语填空③Thedoctorsaidthechild'stemperaturewasnormal.④SmithisaverymonlastnameinEngland.⑤Shehadanordinarydresson.⑥Yesterdaymorningshecameintotheclassroomasusual.⑦ThiskindofdanceshowisverymononTVandispopularwithordinaryyoungpeople,especiallywithhighschoolstudents.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Isitnecessarytotellhisfathereverything?2．Therehasbeenaverydifferentreaction(react)tothedecision.3．Thesemeasuresareaimedatpreventingviolentcrime.4．Wecansafelydrawsomeconclusionsfromourdiscussion.5．TheteacheraskedmeifIwasready,adding(add)thateverybodywaswaitingformeattheschoolgate.6．Aputeristhemostimportantpieceofequipment(equip)youwillbuy.7．Manychemicalsubstancesreactwithoxygen.8．Hestudiedhardeveryday,aiming(aim)atpassingtheexam.9．Eachstudentdipped(蘸)afingerintothemixturetheteacherhadmixedandtastedit.(mix)10．Nowone­thirdofthecountryis(be)coveredwithtrees.11．Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit'sbetterto_remain(remain)silent.12．Itisverykindofyoutohelptheblindman.13．Thisisapieceofboardatthegateofthebuilding,whichreads:Keepoutwithoutpermission.14．Airexpands(expand)whenheated.15．Helpintheformofmoneywillbeverywele.Ⅱ.完成句子1．照料那位病人是我的职责。It_is_my_duty_to_care_forthepatient.2．孩子们倾向于违背父母的愿望来反抗父母。Childrentendto_react_against_theirparentsbygoingagainsttheirwishes.3．厨房里的每样东西都井然有序。Everythinginthekitchenisin_good_order．4．把这些数字加起来，弄清楚总计是多少。Add_upallthefiguresandfindoutwhattheyadd_up_to．5．我们班里五分之三的学生是女生。Three­fifths_of_the_students_in_our_class_aregirls.Ⅲ.一句多译1．三加四等于七。①Three_added_to_four_makes_seven.②Three_and_four_add_up_to_seven.③If_you_add_three_to_four,_you_get_seven.④Three_and_four_is/makes_seven.2．你真粗心在作文中出现了那么多错误。①You_are_careless_to_makesomanymistakesinyourposition.②It_is_careless_of_you_to_makesomanymistakesinyourposition.3．四分之三的学生通过了英语考试。①Three_out_of_four_of_the_students_have_passed_the_English_test.②Three_quarters_of_the_students_have_passed_the_English_test.Ⅳ.课文缩写语法填空Differentmetalshavedifferent1.uses(use).Whenweusemetals,itisimportant2.to_know(know)howtheyreact3.withdifferentsubstances.The4.reaction(react)ofmetalswiththesesubstancescan5.be_put(put)inorder.Fromthetable,wecanfindpotassiumreacts6.themostwithoxygenandwater7.whilecopper8.doesn't_react(not,react)withwater.9.Whenweheatcalciuminoxygen,itburns10.to_form(form)anoxide.[对应学生课时达标训练(十八)]Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词的正确形式1．Atfirst,ourpanywasverysmall,butafterpurchasingsomesmallerones,itsoonexpanded(扩大)intoalargeone.2．Workersreacted(反应)angrilytothelatestnewsofmorejoblossesatthefactory.3．Herconclusion(结论)wasthatthesituationwouldneverbeebetter.4．Helivesinanordinary(普通的)houseinthesmalltown.5．Owingtolackofenoughmarkets,investmentandmanpower,thepanyhadtocontract(收缩)itsbusiness.6．Itwasonlyapartial(part)solutiontotheproblem.7．Theylookedathimwithamixture(mix)ofhorrorandenvy.8．Itwasconcludedthathedidn'ttellusthetruth.Icametotheconclusionthathelied.(conclude)9．Ourofficeisequippedwithalotofadvancedequipment．(equip)10．Iwantedtoknowhowthestudentsreactedtomywordsandyourreaction．(react)Ⅱ.选词填空add...to...;put...inorder;keep...outof;reactwith;thinkof;aimat1．Heliftedhisgunandaimed_atthebirdinthetree.2．Youshouldkeepthedogout_ofourbaby'sroom.3．IloveitbecauseIlookatiteverydayandthink_ofeveryoneinit!4．Addsomewoodtothestove.Thiswillkeepthefiregoing.5．Ironreacts_withwaterandairtoproducerust.6．Don'tthrowyourclothesabout.Put_themin_order．Ⅲ.完成句子1．最近的雨天增加了我们的困难。Therecentrainyweatheradded_to_our_difficulties．2．著名科学家下周将给我们做如何预测地震的报告，这是真的吗？Is_it_true_thatthefamousscientistwillgiveusalectureonhowtopredictearthquakesnextweek?3．这个区域的五分之二的土地被树和草覆盖着。Two­fifths_of_the_landinthedistrictis_covered_withtreesandgrass.4．最后，我要感谢你们为我做的一切。In_conclusion,_I'dliketothankyouforallyou'vedoneforme.5．妈妈总是批评他把东西放得乱七八糟，但令她满意的是，今天他把它们摆放得很整齐。Hismotherwasalwaysscoldinghimforleavingthingsout_of_order,_buttohersatisfaction,heput_them_in_ordertoday.Ⅳ.阅读理解AThefoodweeatseemstohaveagreateffectonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadebigstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,someresearchersrealizedthatthingsmonlyusedtokeepcolorsinmeatsandotherfoodadditives(添加剂)causedcancer.Yet,theseadditivesremaininourfood,anditisdifficulttoknowwhichthingsonthewrappings(包装)offoodsarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillin(青霉素)totheiranimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkofcows.Sometimessimilarthingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertogetahigherpriceonthemarket.Althoughsomecountrieshavetriedtocontrolsuchthings,thepracticecontinues.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是食物可以让我们生存，但是现在的很多疾病也是与食物有关的，告诉我们要特别注意自己所吃的食物。1．Accordingtothispassage,wecanknow________．A．perhapsmostkindsofcancerarerelatedtowhatpeopleeatB．perhapsmostofhumanillnessiscausedbywhatweeatC．cancerwasdiscoveredin1945D．sciencehasmadefoodunfittoeat解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段“Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.”说明百分之八十的疾病都是由我们吃的食物引起的。故B项正确。2．Thingsthatareusedtokeepcolorsinmeatsare________．A．harmfulB．uselessC．helplessD．dangerous解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段“In1945,someresearchersrealizedthatthingsmonlyusedtokeepcolorsinmeatsandotherfoodadditives(添加剂)causedcancer.”说明这些让肉着色的添加剂会导致癌症。那么对人体是有害的，故A正确。3．Peopleuseadditivesto________．A．makefoodmoreunfittoeatB．causecancerC．changethecolorofthefoodD．takeoffthediseasesofthefood解析：选C常识判断题。根据常识可知人们使用添加剂，主要是改变食品的颜色，所以选C。4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Somewrappingsoffoodareharmful.B．Farmerstrytomakemoremoneyonthemarketbyfatteningtheiranimals.C．“Thepracticecontinues”means“Thingsarestillgoingonlikethat”.D．Weneedn'ttakecareofwhatweeat.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段“Thefoodweeatseemstohaveagreateffectonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadebigstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.”说明食物可以让我们生存，但是现在的很多疾病也是与食物有关的。说明对于我们的食物我们要特别注意。故D项正确。BAreyouinterestedindoingscientificexperiments?Ifyouare,followthefollowinginstructionsanddoanexperimentinyourhome.NAME:CandletimeandroomtemperatureMATERIALS:15medium­sizewaxcandles,airconditioning,aspaceheater,anailorafork,andthreethermometersINSTRUCTIONS：1．eupwithyourhypothesis(假设)—doyouthinkthatcandleswillburnfasterinwarmorcoldenvironments?2．Measureyourcandles.Theyshouldallbebrand­new,soallofthemshouldhavethesamelength.3．Runtheair­conditionerinoneroom,spaceheaterinanother,andleaveanotherroomatamildtemperature.Leaveathermometerineachroomandwaitforthetemperaturetoadjust(onehourorso)．4．Writedownthetemperatureineachroom.5．Place5candlesineachoftheroomsandlightthem.Returnevery15minutestomeasureallofthecandles.Keepaseparatedatasheetforeachroom,andtrackthetime,temperature,andlengthofall5candlesineach.6．Whenall15candleshaveburnedout,plotyourresultsonagraphwithtimeonthex­axis(horizontal)andaveragelengthineachroomonthey­axis.Attheend,youshouldhaveagraphwiththreelinesonit,allslopingdown.Dotheyslopedownatdifferentrates?Aretheresultsthesameasyourhypothesis?TIP:Thesescienceprojectsforkidscanalsobedonewithoutairconditioningoraheater:simplyplaceonecandleintherefrigerator(preferablywithoutanythingelseinit,sincethesmokewillmakeforanunpleasanttaste),andoneundera40­wattbulb.Makesuretoplacethermometersnexttothecandles.eq\x(语篇解读：文章指导我们如何做实验。)5．Intheexperiment,whatistheuseofthethermometers?A．Tomeasurecandles.B．Tomeasuretemperature.C．Torecordtheresults.D．Tohelpfixthewaxcandles.解析：选B推理判断题。根据INSTRUCTIONS中第三点的“Leaveathermometerineachroomandwaitforthetemperaturetoadjust”可推断thermometers是用来测量温度的，所以选B。6．Whatisthepurposeofdoingthisexperiment?A．Tofindouthowtomakebetteruseofcandles.B．Tofindoutifcandlesburnfasterinwarmorcoldenvironments.C．Toteachpeoplehowtodoscientificexperimentsathome.D．Tofindoutwhycandlesburndifferentlyindifferentenvironments.解析：选B推理判断题。根据INSTRUCTIONS中第一点“eupwithyourhypothesis(假设)—doyouthinkthatcandleswillburnfasterinwarmorcoldenvironments？”可推断这个实验的目的是来观察蜡烛在冷的环境里还是在热的环境里燃烧得更快，所以选B。7．Thelinesonthey­axisaredrawnto________．A．showthetemperatureineachroomB．trackthetimethatwasusedtoburnthecandlesC．showtheaveragelengthofthecandlesindetailineachroomD．describeyourhypothesisaboutthetimeneededtoburnthecandles解析：选C细节理解题。根据INSTRUCTIONS中第六点的“averagelengthineachroomonthey­axis”可知y­axis是用来显示每个房间里的蜡烛每隔一个时间段后长度的平均值，所以选C。8．Afterreadingthispassage,wecanknowallthefollowingEXCEPT________．A．wherethermometersareplacedinsuchanexperimentB．whyairconditioningisrequiredinsuchanexperimentC．howsuchanexperimentiscarriedonwithoutaheaterintheroomD．acandleburnsmuchfasterinawarmenvironment解析：选D细节理解题。作者并没有给出最后的结果，故我们不知道蜡烛是否在热的环境里燃烧得更快，所以选D。Ⅴ.任务型阅读HowtoMakeFriendsFriendshipisaveryimportanthumanrelationshipandeveryoneneedsgoodfriends.Goodfriendshiphasmanybenefits.Itofferspanionship,improvesself­worthandpromotesgoodhealth.Therearetimesinourlivessuchaswhenwehaverecentlymovedintoanewtown,orchangedourjobsorschools.Suchchangesoftenleaveuswithoutafriend.1.________Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.Belowaresomehelpfulsuggestionsonhowtomakeandkeepfriends.Associatewithothers.Thefirststeptomakingfriendsisassociatingwithotherpeople.Youcangotopublicplacestomeetnewpeople.Besides,youwillneedtomakeyourselfknownbybeinganactivememberofsuchplaces.Startaconversation.Startingaconversationisthesecondmostimportantstepinmakingnewfriends.2.________Youcanalwaysstarttheconversation.Beingabletomakesmalltalkisaveryusefulskillinrelatingwithotherpeople.3．________Choosingfriendswithmoninterestsisimportantinbuildingfriendshipastheseinterestswouldalwaysbringyouandyourfriendtogether.Hangingoutwillalwaysbeapleasantexperience.Letitgrow.Itisagoodthingtostayintouch.However,trynottopressyournewfriendwithcalls,messagesorvisitsast