2019年英语高考真题(全国卷1)试题及答案

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回

答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,

用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本

试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题片一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案

转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳

选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对

话仅读一遍。

例:Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.答案是Co

1.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Inaclassroom.

B.Inahospital.

C.Inamuseum.

B.£9.18.

C.£9.15.

2.WhatdoesJackwanttodo?A.Takefitnessclasses.B.Buyapairofgymshoes.C.

Changehisworkschedule.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Whattodrink.B.Wheretomeet.C.Whentoleave.

4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.

B.Classmates.C.Strangers.

5.WhyisEmilymentionedintheconversation?A.Shemightwantaticket.B.Sheis

lookingfortheman.C.Shehasanextraticket.

第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选

项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听

完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.HowlongdidJamesrunhisbusiness?A.10years.

B.13years.

C.15years.

7.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutJames/situation?A.Embarrassed.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhathasKate'smotherdecidedtodo?A.Return

toschool.

B.Changeherjob.

C.Retirefromwork.

B.Concerned.

C.Disappointed.

9.WhatdidKate'smotherstudyatcollege?A.Oilpainting.

B.Arthistory.

C.Businessadministration.

10.WhatisKate'sattitudetowardhermother'sdecision?A.Disapproving.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatisthemandoing?A.Chairingameeting.

B.Ambiguous.

C.Understanding.

B.Hostingaradioprogram.C.Conductingajobinterview.12.WhatbenefitsMarymost

inherjob?A.Herwidereading.

B.Herleaders*guidance.

C.Herfriends'help.

13.WhowillMarytalkaboutnext?A.Herteacher.

听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whydoesthemanseldomdoexercise?A.He

lacksmotivation.

B.Hehasaheartproblem.

C.Heworksallthetime.

B.Herfather.

C.Hermother.

15.WhatdoesJacobSattelmairprobablydo?

A.He'sanathlete.B.He'saresearcher.C.He'sajournalist.16.Whydoesthe

womanspeakofastudy?A.Toencouragetheman.B.Torecommendanexercise.C.To

supportherfindings.

17.Howmuchtimewillthemanprobablyspendexercisingweekly?

A.300minutes.B.150minutes.C.75minutes.

听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatdidthescientistsdototheroad?

A.Theyrepairedit.B.Theypaintedit.C.Theyblockedit.19.Whyareyoungbirds

drawntotheroadsurface?

A.It'swarm.B.It'sbrown.C.It'ssmooth.20.Whatisthepurposeofthe

scientists'experiment?A.Tokeepthebirdsthereforawholeyear.B.Tohelpstudents

studythebirdswell.C.Topreventthebirdsfrombeingkilled.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

NeedaJobThisSummer?

Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfind

summerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.

Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetools

availabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.

JobsforYouth

Ifyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible（符合条件）

forthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.

Whoiseligible:Youth15-18yearsoldinselectcommunities（社区）.SummerCompany

SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto

$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.

Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15-29,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouth

RangerProgram

YoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresource

managementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.

Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember

31thisyear.

SummerEmploymentOpportunities（机会）

ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearina

varietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesand

communitygroups.

Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24or

upto29forpersonswithadisability.

21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbefore

employment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkin

thenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.

22.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15-18.C.

15-29.

B.15-24.D.16-17.

23.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A.JobsforYouth.B.SummerCompany.

C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.

B

ForCanaanElementary^secondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday,andright

nowit'sChrisPalaez/sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,

heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.

Buthe'snervous,"I'mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...nChristripsonthe

apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,Thomas

Whaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.Votefor...me…"Exceptforsomestumbles,

Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaley

invitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.

Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstaredlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaley

recalls（回想起）howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswould

excusehimselftogotothebathroom.

LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreat

teacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.takesalotforanystudent/'Whaleyexplains,

"especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfident

enoughtosay,'Idon/tknow,butIwanttoknow.'"

Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthe

childrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.The

answerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoread

andspeakin

public.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast（夸耀）aboutthemselves.

“Boastingaboutyourselfandyourbestqualities/'Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachild

whocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.H

24.WhatmadeChrisnervous?A.Tellingastory.C.Takingatest.

B.Makingaspeech.D.Answeringaquestion.

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles"inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses.

B.Badmanners.

C.Spellingmistakes.

D.Sillyjokes.

26.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley'sprojectisto.A.helpstudentssee

theirownstrengthsB.assessstudents'publicspeakingskillsC.preparestudentsfortheir

futurejobsD.inspirestudents1loveforpolitics

27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?

C.Caring.D.Demanding.C

Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingfor

biometric（生物测量）technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivate

e-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.Researchersfrom

GeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（装置）thatgetsaroundthis

problem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（节奏）

withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldoffera

stronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetime

betweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcan

determinepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothe

computerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.It

alsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.

Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthe

technology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch"fourtimesusingthe

smartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferent

participantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythat

thekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeof

inexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.

28.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys.

B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecost

ofe-spaceprotection.A.Humorous.

B.Ambitious.

29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A.Computersaremuch

easiertooperate.

B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfromperson

toperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.

30.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It'llbeenvironment­

friendly.B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.C.It'llbemadeofplastics.D.It'llhelpspeedup

typing.31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.

D.Amagazine.

D

Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小学Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,

whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Then

camemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotby

beingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,among

whomIsoonfoundmyself.

Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorof

clinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.

Thelikables'plays-well-with-others

qualities

strengthen

schoolyard

friendships,

jump-start

interpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Then

there'sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandeven

dishonorablebehavior.

Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein'sstudiesshowunpleasant

consequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastliked

inelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage（从事）indangerousandriskybehavior.”

Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoring

theleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys（调查研究）.

“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetoward

theirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhile

likabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”

Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplay

date—sharing,kindness,openness-carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterableto

relateandconnectwithothers.

Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyis

likabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.

“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthat

helpsomebodygainanadvantage,°hesaid.

32.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind.

B.Lonely.

C.Generous.

D.Cool.

33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theclassificationofthepopular.

B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.

C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.

34.WhatdidDr.Prinstein'sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A.Theyappearedtobe

aggressive.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Be

Nice—YouWon'tFinishLastC.BetheBest—YouCanMakeIt

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?

Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair."36Accordingto

recentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.

37Iftheairyou/rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthe

smogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseout

ofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogetto

yourmuscles（肌肉）andyourbrain.

Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldand

healing（7台愈）.38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheir

recovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lower

bloodpressure,and

B.TheHighertheStatus,theBetterD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness

B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.

putpeopleintoabettermood（情绪）,Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhosee

treebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhosee

buildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.

40Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitamin

D.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreen

rightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,and

that'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.

A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.

D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.

E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,

wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.

G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.

第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满

分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的

最佳选项。

Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountainin

Africa.They41withthemlotsofwaste.The42mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.

Theglaciers（冰J11）aredisappearing,changingthe43ofKilimanjaro.

Hearingthesestories,Tm44abouttheplace—otherdestinationsaredescribedas

“purer"naturalexperiences.

However,Isoon45thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof46

amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda47mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.

Theenvironmentalchallengesare48buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNational

ParkAuthorityseemtobe49.

ThebestofaKilimanjaro50,inmyopinion,isn'treachingthetop.Mountainsare51

asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This52isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas53

gothroughfiveecosystems（生态系统）inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisa

rainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters,54landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,

theweather55—lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththick

grass.I56twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthe

highland57:gravel（砾石），stonesandrocks.58youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith

59snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.

DoesKilimanjaro60itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruining

theatmosphereofpeace?Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.41.A.keepB.mixC.connect

D.bring42.A.storiesB.buildingsC.crowdsD.reporters43.A.positionB.ageC.

faceD.name44.A.silentB.skepticalC.seriousD.crazy45.A.discoverB.argueC.

decideD.advocate46.A.equipmentB.grassC.campsD.stones47.A.remoteB.

quietC.tallD.clean48.A.newB.specialC.significantD.necessary49.A.payingoff

B.spreadingoutC.blowingupD.fadingaway50.A.atmosphereB.experienceC.

experimentD.sight51.A.studiedB.observedC.exploredD.regarded52.A.viewB.

qualityC.reasonD.purpose53.A.scientistsB.climbersC.localsD.officials54.A.

holdingontoB.goingbacktoC.livinguptoD.givingwayto55.A.changesB.clearsC.

improvesD.permits56.A.matchB.imagineC.countD.add57.A.villageB.desert

C.roadD.lake58.A.ObviouslyB.EasilyC.ConsequentlyD.Finally59.A.permanent

B.littleC.freshD.artificial60.A.enjoyB.deserveC.saveD.acquire

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthas

Newfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61theyrangeallthe

wayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureouta

globalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62(poor)studied;

however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.

Modernmethods63trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethe

mid-1980s,andareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.Inrecent

yearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65(report)increasesinbearsightingsaround

humansettlements,leadingtoa66(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientists

haverespondedby67(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)around

humansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare68(high)than

theyactually

are.Of69nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70

(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.

第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有

10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(A),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除