山东省青岛市高三5月自主检测英语试题（原卷版）

青岛市2021年高三自主检测英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIfyouhavedifficultydecidingonyourbooklist,thefollowingideassharedbysomegreattalentsmighthelpyouout.Readbooksfromeraspast//AlbertEinsteinKeepingupwithcurrenteventsandlatestbooksfromthebestsellerlistisabigjob,butAlbertEinsteinthoughtitwasvitaltoleavesomeroomforolderworks,too.Otherwise,you’dbe“pletelydependentontheprejudicesandfashionsofyourtimes,”hewroteina1952journalarticle.Don’tjumptooquicklyfrombooktobook//SenecaSeneca,afirstcenturyRomanStoicphilosopher,believedthatreadingtoowideavarietyintooshortatimewouldkeeptheteachingsfromleavingalastingimpressiononyou.“Youmustspendmuchtimeamongalimitednumberofmasterthinkers,ifyouwouldgainideaswhichshallwinfirmholdinyourmind,”hewrote.Shopatsecondhandbookstores//VirginiaWoolfInheressayStreetHaunting,VirginiaWoolfdescribedthebenefitsofshoppinginsecondhandbookstores,wheretheworks“haveetogetherinvastflocksofvariousfeather,andhaveacharmwhichthecarefullychosenbooksofthelibrarylack.”AccordingtoWoolf,lookingthroughusedbooksgivesyouthechancetoeacrosssomethingthatwouldn’thaverisentotheattentionoflibrariansandbooksellers,whoareoftenmuchmoreselectiveinbuildingtheircollectionsthansecondhandbookstoreowners.Youcanskipoutdatedscienceworks,butnotoldliterature//EdwardLytton19thcenturyBritishnovelistandParliamentarianEdwardLyttonwasafirmbelieverinthevalueofreadingoldliterature.“Inscienceread,bypreference,thenewestworks;inliterature,theoldest,”hewroteinhis1863essaycollectionCaxtoniana.“Theclassicliteratureisalwaysmodern.Newbooksreviveandredecorateoldideas;oldbookssuggestandinspirenewideas.”1.Whoheldtheideathatgreatworksshouldbedigested?A.AlbertEinstein. B.Seneca.C.VirginiaWoolf. D.EdwardLytton.2.WhatattractedVirginiaWoolftosecondhandbookstores?A.Alowerprice. B.Awiderrange.C.Amorecarefulcollection. D.Abetterservice.3.HowdidEdwardLyttonfindtheclassicliterature?A.Interesting. B.Outdated.C.Challenging. D.Valuable.BGuanmei,a65yearoldwomanoftheDongethnicgroup,istheinheritoroftheGrandSongofDong(侗族大歌),anationalintangibleculturalheritageinChina.HerhometownZaidaiVillageinGuizhou,southwesternChina,ishometotheGrandSongoftheDongethnicgroup.TheGrandSongofDongdatesfrommorethan2,500yearsago.ThewayDongsingersusetheirvocalcords(声带)isdifferentfromhowformallytrainedsingersdo.Itisafolkchoruswithmultiparts,noconductor,andnoacpaniment.Organicallygrowingfromtheirnaturalsurroundings,itisrecognizedinternationallyas“thesoundofNature.”BeforetheDongpeoplehadawritingsystemin1958,theDongculture,theirhistoryandstorieswereallrecordedbymeansofsongs.AsaDongsayinggoes,“Ricefeedsthebodyandsongsenrichthesoul”.TheDongpeoplesingrightfromtheirchildhood.Whilenotsinging,theyallworkintheirricefield.GuanmeihasbeensingingtheGrandSongofDongallherlife,makingherafamoussingingteacherinherhometownandnearbyareas.“Thesongsareourmeansofpassingonwisdom,knowledgeandlifeexperiencestoothers.Iwillnotexistinthisworld100yearslater,butGrandsongswill.I’mhonoredtodothisjob,”Guanmeisaid.Kindhearted,GuanmeihasbeenvolunteeringtoteachtheGrandSongofDongtotheDongchildrenforover30years.Nowshehasmorethan300students.Guanmeiispleasedtoseethevillagechildrenetoherhousewillinglywhentheyhavefreetime.“Nowadays,moreandmoreyoungpeopleleavethevillageandsettleincities.Decadeslater,theDongchildrenoutofthevillagemightknownothingaboutGrandsongs.Weshoulddosomethingjustnow.It’sourmission.Whatisoncelostmightbelostforever,”addedGuanmei.4.WhatmakestheGrandSongofDongknownas“thesoundofNature”?A.Theoutstandingconductor.B.Thespecialmusicalinstrument.C.Theattractivenaturalenvironment.D.Theinspirationfromnature.5.WhatcanweknowabouttheDongethnicculture?A.TheDongsingersareprofessionals.B.TheDongculturebefore1958hasbeenlargelylost.C.SingingisofvitalimportancetotheDongpeople.D.Theyhaveawrittenlanguagewithahistoryofover2,500years.6.HowdoesGuanmeifeelaboutthefutureofGrandsongs?A.Concerned. B.Sympathetic.C.Optimistic. D.Satisfied.7.What’stheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TocallonyoungpeopletoreturntotheDongvillage.B.ToguidetheDongchildrentolearntheGrandSongofDong.CToshowawoman’seffortstokeeptheDongculturealive.D.ToinstructpeopletoappreciatetheGrandSongofDong.COverlyfocusingonyourgoalsmayactuallybecounterproductiveinthelongrun.TakeitfromanOlympicathlete.AfterBrendaMartinez,aUSOlympicrunner,lostherbalanceinthe800meterrun,shelosttheracethatwouldqualifyherfortheOlympics.Insteadoffocusingonherfailure,shepreparedtowininthenextrace.“Thetrackdoesn’tcareaboutyourfeelings,”shetoldNewYorkMagazineIntelligence.“You’vejustgottomoveforward.”Shedidindeedmoveforwardandendedupwinningthirdplaceinthe1500meterraceaweeklatertoqualifyfortheOlympicsinRio.InsteadofattachingherselftothegoalofmakingtheOlympicteam,sheconcentratedontheprocess.ResearchersfromHarvardfoundthatoveremphasizinggoalsbasedonmeasurableoutesoftenleadstorisktaking,improperbehaviorandreducedmotivation.Whenyoubeeoverlyfocusedonachievingthegoal,youmaylosesightofyouroriginalpurposeforacplishingthegoalinthefirstplace.Anotherdangerisactuallypletingthegoalwithoutsettingaplanforwhat’snext.Forexample,somemarathonrunnersexperiencewhat’scalledthe“postraceblues”.Achievingyourgoalmaycauseyoutodropthegoodhabitsthatgotyouthereinthefirstplace.“Afteryousetagoal,it’sbesttoshiftyourfocusfromthegoalitselftotheprocessthatgivesyouthebestchanceofachievingit;andtojudgeyourselfbasedonhowwellyoumanagethatprocess,”columnistBradStulbergsaid.Ultimately,changingyourmindsetfromgoalstoprocesswillleadyoutoachievesmallvictoriesonyourwaytoacplishinglongtermgoals.Itleavesyouwithasenseofsatisfactionandacplishment,regardlessofthemeasurableoute.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterproductive”inparagraph1mean?A.Influential. B.Harmful. C.Satisfying. D.Unpredictable.9.WhatdoesthewriterwanttotellusbyreferringtoBrendaMartinez’sstory?A.Thewaystodealwithfailure. B.Theprocessmattersmore.C.Determinationmeansalotforanathlete. D.Theconsequenceofmakingtherightdecision.10.Whymaysomemarathonrunnersexperiencethe“postraceblues”?A.Becausetheyaresatisfiedwiththeirachievements.B.Becausetheyhaven’tgainedwhattheywant.C.Becausetheyhaven’tgotafurtherplan.DBecausetheylosesightoftheiroriginalpurpose.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Howtosetalongtermgoal. B.Thewaytorealizeyouraim.C.Thebenefitsoffixingontheprocess. D.Howtoshiftyourfocusfromgoaltoprocess.DAmasterofwords,aliterarygeniusandaphilosopher,RussianauthorLeoTolstoy(18281910)isknownbymanyasthegreatestwriterofalltime.Evenin2020,110yearsafterhisdeath,histwogreatestmasterpieces,WarandPeaceandAnnaKarenina,continuetobewidelyread,appreciatedandhighlyinfluential.“Iftheworldcouldwritebyitself,itwouldwritelikeTolstoy,”theRussianauthorIsaakBabeloncesaid.Tolstoy’srealisticfictionisfamousforitspowersofobservationandabilitytominethedepthsofhumanconsciousness,suchasthepsychologicalexplorationofamarriedwomaninAnnaKarenina.InWarandPeace,TolstoyalsodescribesRussia’snationalsoulandexpressespublicunitythroughhismanycharacters.Hischaractersfeelalive;theygrow,theychangeandtheystickinthemindsofreaderslongafterthefinalpageisturned.Tolstoy’sinfluenceonliteratureiswithoutparison.Authorsregularlymentionhisnovelsastheirhighestambition,worksthattheycouldonlydreamofwritingthemselves.AmericanwriterFrancisScottcalledTolstoythe“greatestofallnovelists”inhisessay.Hewrote,“fromhisfirstwords,wecanbesureofonethingatanyrate–hereisamanwhoseeswhatwesee,whoproceeds,too,asweareaccustomedtoproceeding,notfromtheoutsideinwardsbutfromtheinsideoutwards.”“Hedefendsfundamentalvaluessuchaslove,friendshipandfamilyrelations.Hegivespositiveanswerstothequestionsmankindisasking.Inthissensehegivesmorehope,”Tolstoy’sgreatgreatgrandson,VladimirIlyichTolstoy,said.Tolstoy’smessageofpeacehasevenhadaneffectontherealworld.HeinspiredtheleaderofIndia’sindependencemovement,MahatmaGhandi,andhisphilosophyofnonviolenceoverthecourseofayearinwhichtheywroteletterstoeachother.12.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphintendtotellus?A.ThewritingstyleofTolstoy.B.Tolstoy’sinfluenceonotherauthors.C.ThecharactersinTolstoy’sworks.D.TheintroductiontothegreatestworksofTolstoy.13.WhichwordscanbestdescribeTolstoyaccordingtothepassage?A.Humorousandcaring.B.Determinedandoptimistic.C.Productiveandhardworking.D.Insightfulandpeaceloving.14.HowdoestheauthorintroduceTolstoyinthispassage?A.Bycontrastingwithotherauthors.B.Byanalyzingcharacteristicsofhisworks.C.Byquotingmentsandopinions.D.Bydescribinghisdeedsinlife.15.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TolstoyandHisWorksB.Tolstoy’sLifeandAchievementsC.WarandPeace:aGreatMasterpieceD.Tolstoy:aWriterBeyondparison第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theconvenienceplasticoffershasledtoathrowawayculturethatrevealsthematerial’sdarkside.Manyofitsproducts,suchasplasticbagsandfoodwrappers,haveaservicelifeofmereminutestohours.____16____Plastichasbeenthebiggestthreattooceanlifefordecades.Sunlight,windandwaveactionbreakdownplasticwastetoacertainextent,butitonlysucceedsinreducingittosmallerpieces.____17____Theyspreadthroughoutthewaterandhavebeenfoundineverycorneroftheglobe,affectingnearly700species,includingendangeredones.____18____Theyrangefrombirdstofishandtoothermarineanimals.Mostofthedeathstothemarecausedbystarvation.Smallpiecesofplastichavebeenfoundinmorethan100marinespecies,includingfish,shrimp,andsomeseashells.Inmanycases,thesetinybitspassthroughtheirstomachs.____19____Stomachssopackedwithplasticreducetheurgetoeat,makingthemdieeventually.Testshavealsoconfirmedcelldamageandtroublewithanimals’reproductivesystemscausedbyplasticeating.Somespecies,suchasoysters,producefewereggsiftheywronglytaketoomuchplastic.Fortunately,solutionsarebeingfound.Manyscientistsagreethetoppriorityistopreventplasticwastefromenteringriversandseas.____20____Betterproductdesignalsoshouldbetakenintoaccount,aswellasthereductioninproducingunnecessarysingleuseplasticproducts.A.Nearlyeveryspeciesofseabirdeatsplastics.B.Thismakesplasticwasteevenhardertonotice.C.Millionsofanimalsarekilledbyplasticeveryyear.D.Somepieceshaveevenbeenfoundblockingtheirorgans.E.Halfofallplasticseverproducedhavebeenmadeinthelast15years.F.Itcouldbedonewithimprovedwastemanagementsystemsandrecycling.G.However,theymayremainintheenvironmentforhundredsofyearsandcausealotofharm.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Alittlegirlhasbeefamousinherneighborhoodafterdrawingmessagesofhopeonherfamily’sgaragedoorduringlockdown(疫情封闭).MomoftwoChristinehasbeenlettinghersixyearolddaughterEilidhturntheirblackshinygaragedoorintoa____21____artprojectwithchalk.TwiceaweeksinceApril2020,Eilidhhasletherimaginationrun____22____,coveringthespacewithmermaids,dolphins,Spiderman,anddinosaurs.Shehasthisweek____23____itwitharainbow,flowers,andsome____24____words.Eilidhhasalittlewoodenchairshecanstandontohelpher____25____higherup,andherartistmomgivesher____26____withthingssheneeds.Herdrawingscametopeople’s____27____,andanadmiringfanclubhasbegunleavingboxesofchocolatesontheirdoorstep.____28____momChristinesaid:“Whateveresintoherheadshedrawsit____29____.Itcouldbequite____30____.Itdependsonwhatishappeningaroundher.Sheisjustdrawingoutsidetomakepeople____31____.”Christinehasalready____32____onebroom(扫帚)bycleaningthegarage.Whenitrains,thechalkiswashedaway,andEilidhstartsagain____33____onthenextdryday.Eilidhisnowlovingbeingbackat____34____aslockdowninBritaineases.Andonethingisforsure–thislittlegirlisnodoubtsuperiorinher____35____classes.21.A.formal B.useful C.colorful D.neat22.A.strange B.wild C.mad D.funny23A.illustrated B.cleaned C.repaired D.performed24.A.lucky B.encouraging C.awful D.careful25.A.extend B.hold C.climb D.reach26.A.ahand B.alift C.asmile D.aword27.A.assistance B.attention C.discovery D.impression28.A.Ambitious B.Fortunate C.Proud D.Puzzled29.A.reasonably B.cautiously C.amusingly D.vividly30.A.reliable B.random C.interesting D.surprising31.A.devoted B.occupied C.curious D.happy32.A.wornout B.triedout C.broughtin D.givenaway33.A.withpatience B.insurprise C.outofcuriosity D.forleisure34.A.home B.neighborhood C.school D.work35.A.language B.art C.science D.physics第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Electricvehiclesarebetterfortheclimatethangaspoweredcars,butmanyAmericansarestillhesitanttobuythem.Onereason:thelargerupfrontcost(前期成本).Newdata____36____(publish)Thursdayshowsthatdespitethehigherstickerprice,electriccarsmayactuallysavedriversmoneyinthelongrun.Toreachthis____37____(conclude),ateamattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologycalculatedboththecarbondioxideemissions____38____fulllifetimecost–includingpurchaseprice,maintenanceandfuel–fornearlyeverynewcarmodelonthemarket.Theyfoundelectriccarswere____39____(easy)moreclimatefriendlythangasburningones.Overalifetime,theywereoften____40____(cheap),too.Climatescientistssayvehicleelectrificationisoneofthebestways____41____(reduce)planetwarminggreenhousegasemissions.IntheUnitedStates,thetransportationsectoristhelargestsourceofemissions,mostof____42____efromcarsandtrucks.JessikaTrancik,____43____associateprofessorofenergystudiesatM.I.T.wholedtheresearch,____44____(say)thedatawould“helppeoplelearnabouthowthoseupfrontcostsarespreadoverthelifetimeofthecar.”Forelectriccars,lowercostsofmaintenanceandchargingpared____45____gasolinepricestendtooffset(抵消)thehigherupfrontpriceovertime.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，你校将在端午节期间组织一次去敬老院的志愿者活动。请用英语给你校外国留学生写一个通知，内容包括：1.活动时间、地点；2.活动内容。注意:1.词数80左右;2.请在答题卡相应位置作答。第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。OnabeautifulThursdayofthisApril,AmyandAlanGreentooktheirdaughterAbbeyoutforawalkintheneighborhood.Ontheirwayback,