高考英语全程一轮复习课时作业20Unit11ConflictandCompromise北师大版选择性

UNIT11CONFLICTANDCOMPROMISEⅠ.阅读理解A[2022·昆明市“三诊一模”高考模拟]Sugarhasbeenlinkedtoseriousdiseaseslikeheartdisease,diabetesandevencancer,whichiswhyit'svitaltocutdownonfoodsanddrinksthatarehighinsugar.Takealookatthedrinksthatcontainasurprisingamountofhiddensugarsandwhatyoushouldbeeatinginstead.FruitjuicesWhilefruitjuicescancontainsomeimportantvitaminsandminerals,theyaretypicallyfullofsugar.Unfortunately,thefiberthatfruitnaturallycontainsandthathelpsthebodykeepbloodsugarstablehasalsobeenremoved.Tokeepbloodsugarlevelsfromrisingsharply,choosetoeatwholefruitswheneverajuicedesirecomesalong.SportsdrinksSportsdrinksmightseemliketheperfectchoiceforhydrationwhileexercising,buttheycontainahighamountofaddedsugarsastheyweredesignedforathletesduringfierceandlongperiodsofactivity.Theonlypeoplewhoactuallybenefitfromsportsdrinksareprofessionalathletesormarathoners.Unlessthat'syou,juststicktoplainwater.FlavoredcoffeesFlavoredcoffeesaredelicious,buttheycontainhiddensugarsastheyoftenrelyonartificialsyrups(糖浆)forflavoring.Alargeflavoredcoffeeatsomecoffeechainshasupto25teaspoonsofsugar.Youcanstillenjoyyourmorningcupofcoffee.Juststicktounflavoredandunsweetenedversionsandavoidcreamershighinsugar.IcedteasIcedteascanbeextremelyrefreshingonahotday,butthey'retypicallyover­sweetenedwithsugarorsyrups.Somebrandsoficedteasactuallycontainasurprising33gramsofsugarina355­milliliterserving.So,lookforicedteaswithoutanyaddedsugarormakeyourownathomesoyoucansavemoneyandcontrolwhatgoesintoit.1．Howdofruitjuicesbenefitpeople?A．Theyprovidenecessaryminerals.B．Theyrefuelpeopleduringsports.C．Theyenergizepeopleinthemorning.D．Theyrefreshpeopleonhotdays.2．Whatarecommonpeopleadvisedtohavewhileexercising?A．Fruitjuices.B．Flavoredcoffees.C．Naturalwater.D．Icedteas.3．What'sthepurposeofthetext?A．Tointroducefournutritiousdrinks.B．Todiscusstheadvantagesofdrinks.C．Tosharewaystomakedrinksathome.D．Towarnreadersagainsthigh­sugardrinks.B[2022·福州市质量检测]IneverthoughtI'dhearmyselfsayit,butI'vegrowntoenjoyliftingweights,andI'velearnedsomethingfromdoingit.Ienjoythesenseofstrengthanddisciplinethatcomeswhenthemusclesareforcedtoresist.I'vetriedvaryingschedules—liftingeveryday,everyotherday,twodaysonandadayoff.Theeverydayapproachistheleasteffective.IgetthebeststrengtheningresultswhenIgivemyselfabreak.Thesameistruewithmindandspirit.Withoutgivingachancetoreenergizeyourself,youbegintobreakdownalltheconnectivefibersofyourlife.IusedtojustgivemyselfSundaysoff.NowI'mschedulingdowntimeinthemidstofeverything—and“everything”includesreadingtwomagazines,buildingahouseinHawaii,workingonanABCmovie—and,ohyeah,mydayjob.Keepingitallstraightwasbeginningtofeelalittlestressful.SoItoldmyselfthatjustbecauseIhavetenfreeminutesonmycalendardoesn'tmeanIwanttofillthem.Breathingspacehastobecomepartofmydailyroutine.Soinsteadofhavingpeoplelinedupoutsidemyofficeafterthefirstshow—Itapetwoaday—Idonothingforatleasttenminutes.Thechangehasworkedwonders.Ihavemoreenergy,andI'minabettermoodforthesecondshowandallthebusinessthatcomesafterward.NowthatIhavethesummerofftositunderthetreesreading,napping,writing,andthinking,Iknowforsureit'stimewellspent.I'mrefillingmytanksothatbyfall,whenthenewseasonbegins,I'llbefiredupandreadyforwhateveristocome.Fullyrestored.4．Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Toarousereaders'concern.B．Tosummarizethewholepassage.C．Tostatetheimportanceofagoodlifestyle.D．Tointroducethethemeofthewholepassage.5．Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewith?A．Keepingeverythingstraight.B．Restingatanytime.C．Takingbreaksbetweentasks.D．Havingafullschedule.6．Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inPara.2referto?A．Everything.B．Buildingahouse.C．Mydayjob.D．Workingonamovie.7．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Liftingweightschangespeople'slife.B．Alittlerestorationhelpsgoalongway.C．Whypeopleneedtobeinhighspirits.D．Tenminutes'breakwillworkwonders.Ⅱ.七选五[2022·临沂市高三一模]Asweknow,mentalhealthisinaworsesituationamongyoungpeopleglobally.__1__Thisnotonlylowersqualityoflife,buthasanegativeimpactonateenager'sgrowth.Togetattherootcausesofthisdecline,agroupofscientistsconductedastudyandfoundthecombinationofhighscreentimeandlow“greentime”greatlyaffectsmentalwell­being.Childrennowadaysspendmoretimethaneverinfrontofelectronicdevices.Theaveragedailyscreentimefor8­to­18­year­oldswas7.5hoursintheU．S.tenyearsago.Asthestudystates,“Thisgreatlygoesaboveguidelinesof2hoursperday.”Nowtheconditionisworsebythefactthatsomanyschoolsareusingtechnologytoteachclasses.Indeedsomescreentimecanpromoteconnectionsandenabletaskstobedonemoreefficiently.__2__Inadditiontotroublingnervestimulation,toomuchscreentimetakestheplaceofimportantprotectivebehaviorsformentalhealthsuchasphysicalactivity,gettingadequatesleep,andacademicactivities.Thestudyauthorssuggestthatgreentimecouldactasacureforscreentime,essentiallybalancingitsnegativeeffects.__3__Theattentionsystemscanberestoredinnaturalenvironmentwhentheyarewornout,becausetheyemployinvoluntaryattentionthere,whichisnottiringoreffortful.__4__Thegreatnaturecouldpotentiallyfunctionasapsychologicalwell­beingpromotionintervention(干预)forchildrenandteenagersinahigh­techera.Thisknowledgecouldbeaguidetopublichealthdepartmentsthatarestrugglingtorestorehappinessandcheerincountlessanxiousteenagers.__5__A．Teenagersurgentlyneedmoregreentime.B．Screen­basedtechnologymakeskidslessattentive.C.Thefrequencyofdepressionandanxietyisincreasing.D．Therearemanymoreways,nevertheless,inwhichitisharmful.E．Itsuggestsmoreoutdoorprojectslikebuildingparkscouldbefundamental.F．Payingconstantdirectedattentiontoscreenscanraisedirectedattentiontiredness.G．Thisstudyhighlightsthatnaturemaycurrentlybeapotentialpublichealthresource.Ⅲ.语法填空[2022·湖北模拟]Havingavegandietmightsoundhard.However,inrecentyears,veganism(纯素食主义)hasbecomeoneof1.________fastest­growinglifestyletrendsintheworld.AccordingtoHuffPost,morethan3millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesarevegans.IntheUK,about542，000people2.________(choose)veganismoverthepastdecade.Whatisdrivingthis3.________(grow)inveganism?Itisbecausepeoplewanttoprotecttheenvironment.Producingmeatanddairyproducts4.________(be)stressfulfortheenvironment.Accordingtoastudy,globalmeatmanufacturingcausesabout18percentoftheworld'sgreenhousegasemissions.Thisfigureis5.________(high)thanalltheworld'scars,trainsandplanescombined.Anotherreasonis6.________manyoftoday'syoungpeoplebelieveit'swrongtokillanimalsforfood.Formanypeople,veganism7.________(simple)meanseatingnomeat,cheeseoreggs,butgoinganimal­freealsoappliestofashionandmanufacturing.Everyyearmorethanabillionanimalsarekilled8.________(make)leatherproductsfromtheirskins.Now,manybrandsarelookingforothermaterials.ThesportsbrandPumahasmadeshoesoutofpineappleleaves.Teslaissaidtoberemovinganimal­basedleather9.________itsseats.So,ifyou'reinterestedin10.________(protect)theenvironment,youmightwanttogiveveganismatry.课时作业(二十)Ⅰ.阅读理解A语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与自我——健康——避免摄入过多含糖饮料【语篇解读】糖与心脏病、糖尿病甚至癌症等严重疾病有关，这就是减少摄入高糖食物和饮料至关重要的原因。本文介绍了四种高糖饮料以及替代方案。1．答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据Fruitjuices中的“Whilefruitjuicescancontainsomeimportantvitaminsandminerals”可知，果汁含有一些重要的矿物质。故A项正确。2．答案与解析：C考查理解具体信息的能力。根据Sportsdrinks中的“Theonlypeople...Unlessthat'syou,juststicktoplainwater.”可知，喝运动型饮料能获益的人只有专业运动员或马拉松运动员，除非你是专业运动员或者马拉松运动员，否则，就喝原味的水吧。故作者建议普通人运动时要喝原味的水。故C项正确。3．答案与解析：D考查理解目的的能力。根据第一段可知，糖与一些重大疾病有关，所以作者建议减少高糖食物和饮料的摄入，同时作者介绍了四种高糖饮料及替代方案。故本文的写作目的是警告读者少喝高糖饮料。故D项正确。B语篇类型：夹叙夹议文主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——学会适度调整与休息【语篇解读】作者在训练举重的过程中发现通过调整日程安排可以达到更好的训练效果，由此联想到这也同样适用于人的思维和精神层面，适度的休息与调整可以产生更好的效果。4．答案与解析：D考查理解目的的能力。通读全文可知，本文的主题是适度调整与休息帮助人走得远。根据文章第一段的内容可知，作者提及自己训练举重的过程与经历，在尝试了多种训练日程安排后发现，每天训练的训练方式效果最差；即给自己休息时间的训练方式更有效，从而引出本文的主题。故选项D正确。5．答案与解析：C考查推断的能力。根据文章第二段中的“NowI'mschedulingdowntimeinthemidstofeverything”“Breathingspacehastobecomepartofmydailyroutine”可推知，作者认为完成一项任务再进行下一项任务前可以休息。因此选项C正确。6．答案与解析：A考查理解词汇的能力。根据文章第二段中的“NowI'mschedulingdowntimeinthemidstofeverything”及it所在句可推知，此处it泛指各种各样的事情。因此选项A正确。7．答案与解析：B考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。根据文章尾段中的“I'mrefillingmytanksothatbyfall,whenthenewseasonbegins,I'llbefiredupandreadyforwhateveristocome.Fullyrestored.”和文章的其他内容可知，本文主要是通过作者的亲身经历总结得出结论：一些休整时间可以帮助人做好准备，走得远。Ⅱ.七选五语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我——健康——亲近大自然能有效解决心理问题【语篇解读】因电子设备的大量使用，全球的年轻人正在面临严重的精神健康问题。一项研究表明，亲近大自然能够帮助青少年有效解决心理问题。1．答案与解析：C空格前讲全球年轻人的精神健康处于一种更差的状态中；空格后讲这不仅会降低生活质量，而且对青少年的成长有负面影响。C项“频繁抑郁和焦虑正在增加”承上启下，符合语境。故选C。2．答案与解析：D空格前讲一些屏幕时间确实能促进联系，提高工作效率；空格后讲除了神经刺激外，过多屏幕时间会取代对心理健康的保护行为，如体育活动、充足睡眠和学术活动等。D项“然而，还有更多有害的方面”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。3．答案与解析：F空格前讲绿色时间可以是屏幕时间的一种治疗，本质上平衡屏幕时间的负面影响；空格后讲当注意力系统极度疲惫时，它在自然环境中能够恢复。F项“持续关注屏幕会引起注意力疲劳”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。4．答案与解析：G空格后讲在高科技时代，大自然可能成为儿童和青少年心理健康促进干预的潜在因素。由此可知，大自然在治愈心理健康方面有积极作用。G项“这项研究强调，自然目前可能是一种潜在的公共卫生资源”引出下文，符合语境。故选G。5．答案与解析：E空格前讲公共部门正在利用该知识重建青少年的心理健康。E项“它表明更多的户外项目，如修建公园等，可能是基础”承接上文，符合语境。故选E。【长难句分析】Theattentionsystemscanberestoredinnaturalenvironmentwhentheyarewornout,becausetheyemployinvoluntaryattentionthere,whichisnottiringoreffortful.(第三段最后一句)本句是一个主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句；because引导原因状语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句。译文：当注意力系统不堪重负时，它可以在自然环境中恢复，因为它们在自然环境中使用不自觉的注意力，这并不累人，也不费力