Unit-3-主谓一致市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

Book1GrammarNewTimes1/23主谓一致Unit32/23综述主谓一致语法一致标准

就近标准

注意事项

意义一致标准

Exercises

3/23综述主谓一致即句子主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。普通说来，主语单、复数形式决定着谓语动词应采取对应形式。在实际应用中，有时情况较为复杂，但在当代英语中基本遵照以下标准：语法一致标准、意义一致标准和就近标准。4/23语法一致标准语法一致标准就是依据主语语法形式决定其谓语动词语法形式。主语是单数，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数形式。比如：Aletterhasbeensenttoeverystudent.Twolettershavebeensenttoeverystudent.Totreattheminthatwayisunfair.Smokingcigarettesisdangeroustoyourhealth.5/23意义一致标准意义一致标准指主谓之间一致关系不是由主语语法形式来决定，而是由主语所表示意义来决定。形式是单数主语，其谓语可能是复数形式；反之，形式是复数主语，其谓语有可能是单数（详见后文所述）。比如：Theclassaredoingexperimentonheatandlight.Theteamareplayingmagnificently.TheUnitedStatesisacountryadvancedinscienceandtechnology.TendollarsisallIhaveleft.Twothirdsoftheareaisunderwater.同一单词作主语，依据其表示意义不一样，有时用单数动词，有时却要用复数动词。比如：Thefamilyisthebasicunitofthesociety.ThefamilyhaveagreedamongthemselvestospendtheirvacationinItaly.6/23就近标准就近标准是指谓语动词与它最近名词、代词或其它词在人称或数上保持一致。常见于either…or;neither…nor等并列结构或there,here引发句子中。比如：Neitherhenorhisparentshavethemoneytobuythishouse.Eitheryouorhewaswrong.Thereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperinthedrawer.Notonlyhischildrenbuthehimselfishopingtobethere.7/23注意事项谓语动词用单数情况谓语动词用复数情况谓语动词单、复数要视情形而定情况8/231.谓语动词用单数1)one,each,noone,oneof,manya,either,neither和some,any,no,every组成代词（如:somebody,someone,something,anyone,anything,nothing,everybody,everything）等作主语或主语修饰语时，谓语动词用单数。比如：Everyboyandgirlistreatedinthesameway.Neitherofthemdrinkscoffee.Eachmanand(each)womanhasgoodreasontobeproudoftheworkdonebytheirfathers.2)akindof,asortof,aportionof,asectionof,aseriesof,asuccessionof,apairof,acoupleof等修饰主语时，谓语动词普通依据语法一致标准普通用单数。比如：Apairofscissorsiswhatheneedsnow.Aseriesoflecturesonradioengineeringisscheduled.Thereisacoupleofvacantroomsbehindtheoffice.9/231.谓语动词用单数3)表示国家、单位、书报等名称或表示时间、距离、体积、度量衡（将它视为一整体）等名词或短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。比如：TheNetherlandsisfamousforitstulips.Onehundredmilesistoofartotravelonfoot.Tenpoundswasmissingfromthebill.TheThirty-NineStepsisaninterestingnovel.4)不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词也要用单数。比如：Tomasteratleastaforeignlanguageisverynecessaryinthepresentconditions.Forgettingthepastmeansnothingbutbetrayal.Whentheywillstartontheirjourneyhasn’tbeendecided.10/231.谓语动词用单数5)单数词作主语，即使后接由including,aswellas,togetherwith,inadditionto,accompaniedby等词或短语连接其它词，谓语动词依然用单数。比如：Gold,aswellassilver,hasrecentlyriseninprice.Thefactory,withallitsequipment,hasbeenburned.Johntogetherwithhisbrotherhasgonetotheparty.11/232.谓语动词用复数1)both,some,few,many,several,themajority(of),theminority(of)等词语作主语或主语修饰语时，谓语动词用复数。比如：BothofthemhavegonetoShanghaionbusiness.Fewofmyclassmatesreallyunderstandme.Themajorityof(the)doctorsbelievesmokingisharmfultohealth.2)以复数形式结尾山脉、群岛、瀑布等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。比如：

TheNiagaraFallsareveryspectacular.ThePhilippineIslandsareinthePacificOcean.3)表示群体或类属“the+形容词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。比如：Theinjuredweresenttohospitalatonce.Inmanywesternfilms,thegoodarewellrewardedandthebadarepunished.12/233.单复数视情况而定1)由and连接两个主语时，谓语动词普通用复数。比如：Yourproblemandminearesimilar.但当and连接词语作整体考虑，指同一人、同一事物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。比如：Theworkerandpoethaspublishedacollectionofpoemsrecently.Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenleadstoillness.当and连接两个形容词修饰一个单数名词作主语时，假如指一件事物谓语动词用单数；假如指两件事物则谓语动词用复数。如：Ablackandwhite(黑白相间)horsewasdrinkingwater.Theredandtheyellowrosearebothbeautiful.2)集合名词如family,group,team,thepublic,crowd,committee,staff等作主语，表整体意义时用单数；表个体意义时用复数。13/233.单复数视情况而定如：Ourteamhaswonthegame.Ourteamarediscussingthematterofhowtowin.3)一些表示数量词，如alotof,anyof,mostof,halfof,two-thirdsof,eightypercentof,partof,therestof,someof,noneof,allof等与名词连用时，后面名词用单数则谓语动词用单数；名词用复数，谓语动词也用复数。比如：Alargepercentageofourpilotsretireearly.Alargepercentageofhisincomeispaidinincometax.Mostofthebookisinteresting.Mostofthebooksareinformativethoughalittledull.14/233.单复数视情况而定4)另一些表示数量词anumberof,atotalof,anaverageof等后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数；但其中不定冠词换成定冠词时，谓语动词要用单数。比如：Anumberofstudentswerelateforschoolowingtothestorm.Thenumberofjobsisincreasing.Anaverageof3000lettersamontharereceivedbythenewspaper’soffice.Theaveragenumberoflettersreceivedeachmonthis3000.15/23Exercises1.Directions:

Inthisexercise,thereare20sentences.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.BDC1.Tenpercentoftheworkersinthiscity_______nowonstrike.A.is B.are C.istobe D.aretobe2.NotonlyyouandIbutPeter,thetopstudentinourgrade_______notabletosolvetheproblem.A.are B.were C.am D.is3.Thegovernment_______hopingtomaketheirfindingsknownsoon.A.is B.hasbeen C.are D.be16/23Exercises4.Todaythere_______anumberoftelephonecallsfromtheapplicantsfortheposition.A.havebeenB.ishaving C.hasbeenD.aretohave5.Thenationwantspeace;onlyaminority_______thewartocontinue.A.wantB.wants C.wanted D.hastwanted6.Theplaywriteranddirector________promisedtoattendourteaparty.A.HaveB.has C.areD.isBAA17/23Exercises7.Anotherthreeweeks_______necessaryforustofinishthework.A.are B.was C.is D.willhavebeen8)Heistheonlyoneofthebrighteststudentswho

fromNewYorkUniversity.A.isgraduatedB.havegraduatedC.hasgraduatedD.aregraduated9)Whetherornotthenewplanwillyieldanypositiveresults________tobeseen.A.remainB.isremainedC.remainsD.haveremainedCCC18/23Exercises10)Thefirstpartofthelecturewasinterestingbuttherest_______.A.wasdull B.weredullC.hadbeendull D.weretodull11)Collectingstampsasahobby_______increasinglypopularduringthepasttenyears.A.became B.becomesC.hasbecomeD.havebecome12)________evidencethatlanguage-acquiringabilitymustbestimulated.A.ItbeingB.Itis C.TherebeingD.ThereisCDA19/23Exercises13)Halfoftheaudience_______foreigners.A.was B.were C.hadbeenD.hasbeen14）Morethanoneexample______necessarytomakethestudentsunderstandthisruleclearly.A.areB.isC.shouldbeD.havebeen15)AnewTVseries_______handicappedchildrenthattheycanandshouldthinkaboutcareerdevelopment.A.havetaughtB.teaches C.teach D.weretaughtBBB20/23Exercises2.Directions:Tickout（选出）thecorrectformoftheverbgiveninthebracketstocompleteeachsentence.1)There(seem,seems)tobemanyargumentsonbothsides.2)Two-thirdsofthis(has,have)beenfinished.3)Nowtheband(is,are)puttingawaytheirin