句子成分和结构课件市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

requireearndevoteinformdonaterequirementheadmasterliteratureavailableenjoyablechallengingfluentsomehowfluentlydifferentlyusually句子成份和结构课件第1页第1页英语词性分类词类又叫词性，英语词性共有十大类。PartsofSpeech句子成份和结构课件第2页第2页1名词

nounn.student学生2代词pronounpron.you你

3形容词

adjectiveadj.happy高兴4副词

adverbadv.quickly快速地

5动词

verbv.cut砍、割6数词

numeralnum.three三

7冠词

articleart.a一个8介词

prepositionprep.at在...9连词conjunctionconj.and和10感叹词

interjectioninterj.oh哦实词虚词句子成份和结构课件第3页第3页英语句子成份取得英语语法成功基石句子成份和结构课件第4页第4页

句子是由词按照一定语法结构组成。

组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。

★句子成份：主·谓·宾·表补·定·状·同位语句子成份和结构课件第5页第5页

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语句子成份和结构课件第6页第6页㈠主语（subject）

句子说明人或事物,

主语普通位于______

。Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化形容词）（句子）句首句子成份和结构课件第7页第7页找出以下句中主语并说出是有什么来充当1.Thesunrisesintheeast.

2.Seeingisbelieving.

3.Toseeistobelieve.

4.Whatheneedsisabook.5.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名词）

（动名词）

（不定式）（句子）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）句子成份和结构课件第8页第8页当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，预防头重脚轻，所以惯用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。什么情况下用it作形式主语？句子成份和结构课件第9页第9页你能划出以下句子真正主语吗?你知道翻译以下句子吗？1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()

2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.()

3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.()说谎是错误。争吵是没用。谁要来还不确定。句子成份和结构课件第10页第10页㈡

谓语（predicate

）

说明主语动作、状态和特征，用动词充当（有时不止一个动词），主谓普通要靠在一起。简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing句子成份和结构课件第11页第11页

选出以下句中谓语①Helookedupthewordinthedictionary.A.lookedB.lookedup

C.lookedupthewordD.inthedictionary②Hehascaughtabadcold.

A.hasB.caught

C.hascaughtD.abadcold③Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.A.runningB.practicesrunningC.practicesD.everymorning句子成份和结构课件第12页第12页Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名词）

(

代词）(数词)(名词化形容词)(三)宾语（object

）动作对象或承受者，由n.或相当于n.词担任。置于_________或______之后。（不定式）（动名词）（句子）及物动词介词句子成份和结构课件第13页第13页

有些及物动词如give,tell,bring,buy等能够带双宾语，一个指人，一个指物。通常情况下，指物叫直接宾语，指人叫间接宾语。间接宾语多放在直接宾语之前。↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.Hegaveme

somebooks.句子成份和结构课件第14页第14页宾语有三种动宾Iboughtabook.直接/间接宾语

ShegaveJohn

abook．介宾Theytalkaboutabook.注意句子成份和结构课件第15页第15页

挑出以下句中宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Theteacherturnedoffthelights.④He'llgiveusatalk.

⑤Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.句子成份和结构课件第16页第16页（四）表语（predicative

）在系动词后部分就是表语Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.句子成份和结构课件第17页第17页系动词1.表状态be(am,is,are)2.表感官sound,taste,feel，look,seem,appear3.表连续keep,remain,stay,standYoukeepquite!5.表改变become,grow,come,go6.表终止prove,turnout证实…句子成份和结构课件第18页第18页Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.（五）宾语补足语（objectcomplement）

补充说明宾语情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。与宾语一起组成复合宾语。惯用动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let等‹

›句子成份和结构课件第19页第19页

（六）同位语（appositive）

位于名词或代词后面，解释说明它们性质和情况，二者语法功效相同，后面是前面同位语。Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthe

game.名词代词数词从句句子成份和结构课件第20页第20页（七）定语（attributive

）Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54

studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词全部格)(现在分词)(过去分词)对n./pron.进行修饰限定成份，汉语中用‘……’表示。()()()()()()句子成份和结构课件第21页第21页定语后置：假如定语是一个单词时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常后置。Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejust

now?句子成份和结构课件第22页第22页用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句成份,状语位置灵活。Iamverysorry.Weoftenhelphim.

WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（从句作时间状语)（八）状语（adverbial）句子成份和结构课件第23页第23页状语分类:状语按照内容可分为时间,地点,原因,目标,结果,条件,让步,方式,程度,伴随情况等.表示时间、地点、目标状语普通位于句子两头，强调时放句首。句子成份和结构课件第24页第24页画出以下句子状语

Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.句子成份和结构课件第25页第25页

句子成份巩固练习

句子成份和结构课件第26页第26页（一）指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成份：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.9.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.10.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?句子成份和结构课件第27页第27页（二）分析以下各句中所包含句子成份句子成份和结构课件第28页第28页1.LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.

Lastweek

I

went

tothesupermarket.

状主谓状2.Theplaywasveryinteresting.

Theplay

was

very

interesting.

主系状表3.Ican’thearaword.

I

can’thear

aword.

主谓宾4.Theyweretalkingloudly.

They

weretalking

loudly.

主谓状句子成份和结构课件第29页第29页4.ItwasSunday.

It

was

Sunday.

主系表5.InevergetupearlyonSundays.

I

never

getup

early

onSundays.

主状谓状状6.Ilookedattheyoungmanandtheyoungwomanangrily.

I

lookedat

theyoungmanandthe

主谓宾

youngwoman

angrily.

宾状句子成份和结构课件第30页第30页7.Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’tunderstandaword.

I

read

afew

lines,but

I

didn’t

主谓定宾连主谓

understand

aword.

谓宾8.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidn’tsendcardstomyfriends.

Myholidays

passed

quickly,but

I

主谓状连主

didn’tsend

cards

tomyfriends.

谓宾宾句子成份和结构课件第31页第31页9.Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.

I

gotup

early

and

bought

thirty

cards.主谓状连谓定宾10.HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.He

isworking

forabigfirm

and

he

has

主谓状连主谓already

visited

agreatnumberof

different

状谓定定places

inAustralia.宾定句子成份和结构课件第32页第32页11.HehasjustboughtacarandhasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.

He

has

just

bought

acar

and

主谓状谓宾连hasgone

toAliceSprings,asmalltown

谓状同位语inthecentreofAustralia.

定句子成份和结构课件第33页第33页12.Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreetonceamonthandalwaysasksforamealandaglassofbeer.

He

callsat

everyhouse

inthestreet

主谓宾定

onceamonth

and

always

asksfor

状连状谓amealandaglassofbeer.

宾句子成份和结构课件第34页第34页13.Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschool.

You

willtell

your

friend

主谓定间宾

thatyou’ve

gottoschool.

直宾句子成份和结构课件第35页第35页nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)Vt系动词ViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive英语句子基本成分示意图be/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.句子成份和结构课件第36页第36页1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

6.Thereliesabookonthedesk.主+谓主+系+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语‹›主+谓+宾+宾补Therebe句型简单句基本句型实例句子成份和结构课件第37页第37页Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice‹›主+谓主+系+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语主+谓+宾+宾补句子成份和结构课件第38页第38页隶属成份基本成份修饰语。能够是：定语：即用来修饰名词单词、短语或从句状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外词单词、短语或从句。定语Poor

Johntotteredtowardahospitalnearby．ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.JohngaveMarymany

books，whicharefullofillustrations．Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.Peopletherelikesports.句子成份和结构课件第39页第39页Johnoftencametochatwithme．Johnlikesorangesverymuch．Wheneverhegetsdrunk，JohnmakesMaryveryangry．Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Ashewasill,

hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschool

tenyearsago.You’dbetterstayhere.状语句子成份和结构课件第40页第40页按句子结构分：1)简单句2)并列句3)复合句句子类型句子成份和结构课件第41页第41页简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小句子单位。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawingandoftendraws

picturesforthewallnewspapers.句子成份和结构课件第42页第42页我们能够给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子动词加上副词修饰或给句子加上状语修饰等，以使整个句子意思变得更丰富和充实。但不论怎样变，都只有一个主谓结构。Heworkedhardallhislife.(划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词worked)HeisaschoolstudentinNo.1MiddleSchool.

(划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student)句子成份和结构课件第43页第43页e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou. Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.并列句句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句并列句是由两个或两个以上简单句连接而成。并列句中各简单句意义同等主要，相互之间没有隶属关系，是平行并列关系。它们之间用连词连结。句子成份和结构课件第44页第44页practiceThisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbut

soHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.句子成份和结构课件第45页第45页就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子次要部分，即从句部分。句型主句+引导词+从句；或引导词+从句+主句复合句句子成份和结构课件第46页第46页句型主句+引导词+从句；或引导词+从句+主句TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.、(when引导一个时间状语从句)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisgettingmoreandmorepowerful.(as引导一个定语从句)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(Where引导一个地点状语从句)句子成份和结构课件第47页第47页名词性从句状语从句定语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句复合句中从句包含Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.句子成份和结构课件第48页第48页

Myroommatewassleeping,wedidn’twanttowakeherup.请用所学知识更正以下病句Myroommatewassleeping.Wedidn’twanttowakeherup.Myroommatewassleeping,sowedidn’twanttowakeherup.IwenttobedbecauseIwastired.

Iwenttobed.BecauseIwastired.句子成份和结构课件第49页第49页

Chinahashundredsofislands,andthelargestofwhichisTaiwanIsland.

Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofthemisTaiwanIsland.Chinahashundredsofislands,andthelargestofthemisTaiwanIsland

Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwanIsland句子成份和结构课件第50页第50页Exercises判断句型1.Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywentontohelphismother.2.Whathesaysdoesn’tsuitwhathedoes.

(简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子)

(复合句包含两个名词性从句：Whathesays是一个主语从句；whathedoes是一个宾语从句)句子成份和结构课件第51页第51页3.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.4.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.5.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?简单句复合句简单句句子成份和结构课件第52页第52页6.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.7.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.8.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.并列句

复合句

简单句句子成份和结构课件第53页第53页9.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.10.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,is