2023-2024学年四川省绵阳市高三（上）第一次诊断英语试卷

四川省绵阳市2024届高三上学期第一次诊断性模拟测试英语试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解Womenareequallyresponsibleforthegrowthofafree,modernsociety.Here’salookatsomeoutstandingwomenwhomadegreatcontributionstoworldhistory.MariaSibyllaMerianToday,childrencanexplainhowacaterpillar(毛毛虫)turnsintoabutterfly(蝴蝶).Buttherewasatimewhennooneknewthis--notevenscientists.ThankstoMariaSibyllaMerian,weknowthetruthaboutthesebeautifulwingedinsects.Merianwasfascinatedbyinsects,andshebegancollecting,studying,anddrawingthemwhenshewasasyoungas13.Itwasthroughherstudyofcaterpillarsthatshediscoveredthetruthabouttheirlifecycles.BerylMarkhamBerylMarkhamwasquiteincredibleinnotjustaviation(航空)butseveralotherindustries,includinghorseracing.In1936,atage33,MarkhambecamethefirstwomantoflyacrosstheAtlanticalonefromtheeasttothewest,nonstop.Thepilotplayedaroleintheclassicbest-sellingnovelandfilm,OutofAfrica,andhadmanybiographiespennedabouthertalentsandlife.MadamC.J.WalkerMadamCJ.Walkerdevelopedaconditionthatcausedhertoloseherhair,andwithit,aninterestinhaircare.Shebeganworkingforblackhaircareentrepreneur(企业家)AnnieTurnboMalone.Eventually,WalkerbeganmakingandmarketingherownhaircareproductsdesignedforAfrican-Americanwomen.HercompanydevelopedintothesuccessfulMadamC.J.WalkerManufacturingCompany.SheiswidelyrecognizedasAmerica’sfirstblackfemaleself-mademillionaire.HedyLamarrYoumightknowHedyLamarrfromthesilverscreen;shestarredinmanyfilms.Butherfilmcareerisfarfromheronlyachievement;shewasalsoabrilliantinventor.In1942,shereceivedapatentforaninventionthatcouldchangeradiosignalfrequencies.Itpavedthewayformuchofthewirelesstechnologyweusetoday.1、Whohadalotofenthusiasmforthestudyofinsects?A.HedyLamarr B.BerylMarkhamC.MadamC.J.Walker D.MariaSibyllaMerian2、WhatmadeMadamC.J.Walkerbegintofocusonthehaircare?A.Herlosingherhair.B.Atypeofhaircareproduct.C.AnnieTurnboMalone’ssuccess.D.HerwishtohelpAfricanAmericans.3、WhatisspecialaboutHedyLamar?A.ShewasthefirstwomantoflyacrosstheAtlanticalone.B.Shewasbothafilmstarandaninventor.C.Shewasasuccessfulbusinesswoman.D.Shewasabest-sellingwriter.WhenVirginiaNorwoodwasinhighschoolinthe1940s,herguidanceteacheradvisedhertobecomealibrarianinsteadofaphysicist.Luckily,sheignoredhim.“Iwasalwaysenthusiasticaboutmathematicalproblemsandphysics,”saidNorwood.Also,herfather,anelectricalengineer,wasveryimportanttoher.By1972,Norwood,aMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologygraduateandengineeratHughesAircraftCompany,haddesignedavitalcomponentofLandsat1,thefirstsatellitelaunchedintospacetomonitorEarth’ssurface.SatellitesintheLandsatseriesstillprovidevaluabledatatoscientistsworldwideandLandsat9wassuccessfullylaunchedon27September,2021,almost50yearsafterthefirstone.Norwood’scontributionwasthemultispectralscanner(多光谱扫描仪)一asensorthatcouldbecalibratedwhileinspacetoaccuratelydetectred,green,andinfrared(红外线的)energyreflectedfromEarthandcouldtransmit(传输)datadigitallytoresearchersontheground.Thescannerenabledscientiststotrackforestloss,cropproductivity,andthespreadofdeserts,andtomapinaccessiblefeaturesofEarth’sphysicalstructuressuchasglaciersandicesheets.“Sheclearedthewayforanentiregenerationof...Earthobservationinstruments,”saysNASA’sJeffreyMasek,aLandsatprojectscientist.Norwood’sdevicewasincludedinthefirstseveralsatelliteslaunchedthroughtheLandsatprogram,ajointeffortbyNASAandtheUSGeologicalSurvey.OthersatelliteshavesincesurpassedtheLandsatseriesinresolutionandscanningabilities,butthecontinuityoftheLandsatdatabaseoverthedecadesmakesitagoldstandardinEarthimaging.4、WhatinspiredNorwoodtopursuephysics?A.Herinterestinthesubject.B.Herfather’sjobasaphysicist.C.Herguidanceteacher’sadvice.D.HerenthusiasmabouttheLandsatprogram.5、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“calibrated”inparagraph2mean?A.Detected. B.Described. C.Adjusted. D.Reflected.6、Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheLandsatseries?A.Appreciative. B.Contradictory. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.7、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AJointEfforttoMonitorEarth’sSurfaceB.MeettheLandsatPioneer-VirginiaNorwoodC.AGreatContribution-theMultispectralScannerD.SatellitesLaunchedThroughtheLandsatProgramLondonMayorSadiqKhan’sannouncementthatallprimaryschoolpupilsinthecitywillreceivefreeschoolmealsfromSeptemberisawelcomemoveamidrisingfoodandenergyprices.The£130millionplanrejectsmeans-testing(经济状况调查)infavorofauniversalscheme,whichmanyseeasasmartpoliticalmoveandagoodpolicy.Universalpublicservicessuchasthiscreatesharedunderstandingandgainpoliticallegitimacy,astheyenableindividualstoliveatareasonablestandard.ThecurrenttaxandbenefitsystemintheUKleavesmillionsofchildreninpovertyandhunger,andmeans-testingisneitherfairnorefficient.ParentsclaiminguniversalcreditinEnglandmusthaveahouseholdincomeoflessthan£7,400toqualifyforfreeschoolmeals.Anestimated800,000childrenlivinginpovertydonotgetfreeschoolmealsduetotheeligibilitycriteriabeingsorestrictive.Another200,000areeligiblebuthavenotaccessedthembecauseenrolmentisnotautomatic.Theinitiativehasbeenwelcomedbymanyforitspotentialtoreducechildobesityratesandimprovepupilattainment.TheImpactonUrbanHealththinktankestimatesthatmakingfreeschoolmealsuniversalwillgenerate£1.71ineconomicandsocialbenefitsforevery£1invested.Unfortunately,thegovernmentseemsmoreinterestedinrationingaccesstowelfarethanhelpingpeoplegetthesupporttheyneed.Means-testingisoftenjustifiedonthegroundsthatitdivertsresourcestothemostneedy,butthisargumentfallsapartwhenthousandsofchildrenaregoinghungryandstrugglingtolearnatschool.ThemovetowardsuniversalfreeschoolmealsinLondonisastepintherightdirectionandshowsanappetiteforexperimentationnecessarytofleshoutthefutureofthepost-Covidwelfarestate.Whilesomeparentsonhighersalariesmaybenefit,focusingonthiswouldbemissingthepoint:universalservicespayforthemselves.Byinvestinginourchildren’swellbeingandeducation,wecreateahealthier,moreprosperoussocietyforeveryone.It’stimetorejectthedivisivepoliticsofmeans-testingandembraceuniversalpublicservicesthatbenefitusall.8、WhatistheaimofLondonMayorSadiqKhan’splan?A.Toreducechildobesityrates.B.Toimprovepupils’achievementinprimaryschools.C.Tohelppupilsfrompoorfamilieshandlehunger.D.Toensuremeans-testinganaccesstofreeschoolmeals.9、Whydomanypeopleviewtheuniversalschemeasagoodpolicy?A.Itcreatesmorejobs.B.Itbenefitsindividuals.C.Itisadivisivepoliticsofmeans-testing.D.Itgenerateseconomicandsocialbenefits.10、Whyismeans-testinganinefficientmeanstoaddresschildren’shunger?A.Itrunswithoutpoliticallegitimacy.B.Thequalificationcriteriaaretoorestrictive.C.Theargumentaboutmeans-testingfallsapart.D.Itdoesn’tincludethecurrenttaxandbenefitsystem.11、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ObstaclestoUniversalFreeSchoolMealsinLondonB.TheProsandConsofMeans-TestingforFreeSchoolMealsC.APlantoProvideFreeSchoolMealstoPupilsinLondonD.TheImpactofUniversalPublicServicesonPovertyandHungerAncientFishReturnstoIllinoisWatersTheIllinoisDepartmentofNaturalResourcesisreturningafishcalledthealligatorgartothestate’srivers.Somepeoplecallthefisha“livingfossil.”ExpertsbelievethefishfirstappearedduringtheEarlyCretaceousperiodmorethan100millionyearsago.RandySauerisanIllinoisstatefisheriesbiologist.Hesaysthefishdisappearedfromthestate’sriversinthe1990s,althoughtheyhavecontinuedtodowellinsouthernstates.Sauersaysbiologistswanttobringthefishbacktonorthernrivers“becauseitisimportanttohavetoppredatorstobalancethespeciesbelowthem,”hesaid.Sportfishermenliketotrytocatchthealligatorgar.Alligatorgararethesecond-largestfreshwaterfishinNorthAmerica.Theycangrowaslargeas2.7metersandweighmorethan136kilograms.Sauersaystheirlargesizeisonereasontheydisappearedinthe1990s.Expertssayalligatorgarsare“opportunisticfeeders.”Thismeanstheywilleatalmostanything--includingsmallturtlesorducks.TheyalsoeatinvasivespeciessuchasAsianandsilvercarp.Sauerhopesthere-introductionofthealligatorgarwillhelpthestate’seffortstocontrolthecarp.Becausegarcanliveupto60years,theprogramwillcontinuetoincreaseformanyyears.Sauernotesthatfemalealligatorgarsdo“notsexuallymatureuntil11years,andthemalenottill6or7years.”Thatmeansthebiologistswilltrytoraiseandreleasealotoffishearlyintheprogramtore-introducethem.“We’reprobablygoingtostockmoreheavilythan10or20yearsdowntheroadwhenhopefullythesefishwillfindeachotherandstartdoingthejobontheirown,”Sauersays.Smalldeviceshavebeenplacedin7,000ofthefishsotheycanbeobservedaftertheyarereleasedintothewaterwaysofIllinois.Asitrainsandfloods,biologistsexpectsomeofthefishwillfollowtheriversintothestatesofLouisianaandTexas.12、Whypeoplecallthealligatorgar“livingfossil”?A.Theycangrowupto2.7meters.B.Theycangrowupto136kilograms.C.Theirfossilcanbefoundonearth.D.Theyhaveexistedforover100millionyears.13、Biologistswillbringthealligatorgarbacktonorthernriversinorderto_______.A.keepthespeciesbalance. B.helppeoplemakemoremoney.C.helptoprotecttheenvironment. D.increasethenumberofthealligargar.14、AccordingtoRandySauer,alligargardiedoutinnorthernriversprobablybecause_______.A.theyatealmostanything. B.theywerecaughtbysportfishermen.C.theywereveryhugeinsize. D.theriverswerepollutedthen.15、Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedstatement?A.Itwillbedecadesbeforethesefishproduceyoung.B.Thereisalongwaytogobeforethefishfindeachother.C.10or20yearswillbeneededtofindthesefish.D.Thesefishcanfindeachotherthemselvesalongthewaterways.二、七选五16、EmpathyLastyear,researchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganreportedthatempathy,theabilitytounderstandotherpeople,amongcollegestudentshaddroppedsharplyoverthepast10years.①______Today,peoplespendmoretimealoneandarelesslikelytojoingroupsandclubs.JenniferFreed,aco-directorofateenprogram,hasanotherexplanation.TurnontheTV,andyou’reshoweredwithnewsandrealityshowsfullofpeoplefighting,competing,andgenerallytreatingoneanotherwithnorespect.②______Therearegoodreasonsnottofollowthosebadexamples.Humansaresociallyrelatedbynature.③______Researchershavealsofoundthatempatheticteenagersaremorelikelytohavehighself-respect.Besides,empathycanbeacureforloneliness,sadness,anxiety,andfear.Empathyisalsoanindicationofagoodleader.Infact,Freedsays,manytopcompaniesreportthatempathyisoneofthemostimportantthingstheylookforinnewmanagers.④______“Academicsareimportant.Butifyoudon’thaveemotionalintelligence,youwon’tbeassuccessfulinworkorinyourlovelife,”shesays.What’sthebestwaytoupyourEQ?Forstarters,letdownyourguardandreallylistentoothers.⑤______Toreallydevelopempathy,you’dbettervolunteeratanursinghomeorahospital,joinacluborateamthathasadiversemembership,havea“sharingcircle”withyourfamily,orspendtimecaringforpetsatananimalshelter.A.Everyoneisdifferent,andlevelsofempathydifferfrompersontoperson.B.Thatcouldbebecausesomanypeoplehavereplacedfacetimewithscreentime,theresearcherssaid.C.“Onedoesn’tdevelopempathybyhavingalotofopinionsanddoingalotoftalking,”Freedsays.D.Humanslearnbyexample—andmostoftheexamplesonitareanythingbutempathetic.E.Empathyisamatteroflearninghowtounderstandsomeoneelse—bothwhattheythinkandhowtheyfeel.F.Goodsocialskills—includingempathy—areakindof“emotionalintelligence”thatwillhelpyousucceedinmanyareasoflife.G.Havingrelationshipswithotherpeopleisanimportantpartofbeinghuman—andhavingempathyisdecisivetothoserelationships.三、完形填空（20空）Iloverollercoasters.IfIcouldriderollercoasterseverydayfortherestofmylifeIwoulddieareally1man.Iwillstandinlinefor40minutesjusttogetonaridethatlasts30seconds.EachstepthatItakebringsmecloserandclosertomy2ofgoingonarideofalifetime.The3hasmeskippingaroundlikea4yearold.Butduringmyfirstridethere,thatkindofthrillturnedtoabsolute4whenImadeittothefront.5waitinginlineIwasnowhavingasecondthought.Quietly,Inegotiatedwithinmyselfaboutmycouragetogothroughwiththis6.Fromfarawayitlooked7butwhenIwasabouttogetinthedriver’sseatI8Iforgotmylicense.AftersomeselfmotivationIfinallymadethemoveto9myseat.OnmywayupIcouldclearlyseetheupsanddowns10me.Tometheywerenotonlytheroutebutalso11challenges.Soonthetrackwasfullofsuch12tunnelsthatIcouldseeonlywhatwasbehindmebutnotinfront.13therewerepeoplearoundmewithbothoftheirhandsinthe14whileI,knowingthatthingsweregoingtoget15,graspedthehandleonmyseat.Iwouldn’tdarecelebratesomethingthat16me.Justlikerollercoasters,17isfullofupsanddowns,darknessandlight,andisunpredictablewhenwegothroughvarious18situations.Thebestthingtodowhenwemeetanything19istoliftourhandsand20whateverwedo.17、A.old B.happy C.brave D.unusual18、A.tension B.hardship C.motivation D.opportunity19、A.excitement B.expectation C.pleasure D.anxiety20、A.patience B.anger C.desire D.fear21、A.Unless B.Though C.After D.Upon22、A.competition B.commitment C.debate D.experiment23、A.fun B.small C.normal D.mysterious24、A.regretted B.realized C.pretended D.admitted25、A.take B.quit C.reserve D.change26、A.behind B.beneath C.beside D.before27、A.mental B.Intellectual C.technical D.environmental28、A.narrow B.dark C.long D.roundabout29、A.Unluckily B.Oddly C.Nervously D.Disappointingly30、A.gloves B.pockets C.air D.seat31、A.vague B.strange C.boring D.rough32、A.confused B.astonished C.annoyed D.terrified33、A.Life B.Entertainment C.dream D.ride34、A.social B.unexpected C.serious D.general35、A.Uncertain B.Uncomfortable C.challenging D.exciting36、A.evaluate B.complete C.adore D.Enjoy四、短文填空37、This“dazzling”animation,Suzume(铃芽之旅),fromJapanesedirectorMakotoShinkaihasalreadybecome①_______box-officehitaroundtheworld,anddeservedlyso.Anunconventional“teenromance”,itfollowsSuzume,a16-year-old②_______motherwaskilledinanearthquakesomeyearsago.Onedaywhenshe③_______(cycle)toschool,shebumpsintoahandsomestudentnamedSouta,whoturnsouttobea“Closer”—aperson④_______(charge)with“closingdoorstoanotherworld”.When“aGinormous,city-destroyingworm”escapesfromthatotherworld.SoutaandSuzumemustjoinforcestostopit.“ThereisatouchofStrangerThings”tothis“rich”tale,whichminesthe“traumafeltbytheyoung⑤_______(follow)Japan’s2011earthquakeandtsunami”;andtheresultis“extraordinaryenoughtoappeal⑥_______evennon-animefans”.Thefilmhasratheralotofchasesequenceswhichbecome“repetitive”;butithasrealmerit.Withits“starkwarningsabouttherealriskofecologicaldisaster”,Suzumeisa“powerfulcoming-of-agetale⑦_______plucksattheheartstrings”whiledeliveringsomereallaughsalongtheway.Itisbeautifultolookattoo.An“epicadventureabouthormone-fuelledteenagersfacingupto⑧_______(environment)destruction”,thefilmissometimesa“littletooworthyforitsowngood”.Still,ithas“boundlessambition,andthecourage⑨_______(place)weightyissues⑩_______theheartofakids’film”.五、短文改错38、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Oneday,Isawapicturewhichagoldfishwasjumpingoutofasmalltankinalargeonenearbythatstoodfordreams.Themessageconveyedwasclear:tryourbesttobatheusinthebrillianceofourdreams.Wemusthavedreams,ourliveswillbepointless.Soeveryoneofusshouldtakeactionstotranslateourdreamsintoreality.Firstofall,howeverdifficultieswe’llmeet,weshouldhavethecouragetoovercomethem.Besides,weneedtomakethoroughplansandfullypreparationssothatwewon’tbetoofrightentotakeadvantageofthemwhenopportunitieswillcome.Inshort,setagoalandfightforit.六、书面表达39、假定你是李华，你校将以“保护海洋安全·抵制核废水排海”为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：1.现状；2.重要性；3.你的措施和倡议。参考词汇：核废水（nuclearwaste）海洋的（marine）注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案1、答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据MariaSibyllaMerian部分中的“Merianwasfascinatedbyinsects,andshebegancollecting,studying,anddrawingthemwhenshewasasyoungas13.（梅里安对昆虫非常着迷，她在13岁时就开始收集、研究和绘制昆虫。）”可知，MariaSibyllaMerian酷爱研究昆虫。故选D。2、答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据MadamCJ.Walker部分中的“MadamC.J.Walkerdevelopedaconditionthatcausedhertoloseherhair,andwithit,aninterestinhaircare.（C.J.沃克夫人患上了一种疾病，导致她失去了头发，同时也使她对护发产生了兴趣。）”可知，MadamC.J.Walker掉发严重，因此对护发产生了兴趣。故选A。3、答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据HedyLamarr部分中的“Butherfilmcareerisfarfromheronlyachievement.shewasalsoabrilliantinventor（.但她的电影生涯远不是她唯一的成就。她也是一位杰出的发明家。）”可知，HedyLamarr不仅是电影明星而且是发明家。故选B。4、答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段““Iwasalwaysenthusiasticaboutmathematicalproblemsandphysics,”saidNorwood.(诺伍德说：“我一直热衷于数学问题和物理学。”)”可知，诺伍德致力于物理学是因为她对这一学科的热爱。故选A。5、答案：C解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段“Norwood’scontributionwasthemultispectralscanner(多光谱扫描仪)一asensorthatcouldbecalibratedwhileinspacetoaccuratelydetectred,green,andinfrared(红外线的)energyreflectedfromEarthandcouldtransmit(传输)datadigitallytoresearchersontheground.(诺伍德的贡献是多光谱扫描仪——一种可以在太空中calibrated的传感器，可以准确检测从地球反射的红色、绿色和红外能量，并可以将数据以数字方式传输给地面研究人员)”可知，多光谱扫描仪可以准确检测从地球反射的红色、绿色和红外能量，推测它是可以在太空中进行校准的传感器，划线单词表示“校准”，与Adjusted同义。故选C。6、答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“SatellitesintheLandsatseriesstillprovidevaluabledatatoscientistsworldwideandLandsat9wassuccessfullylaunchedon27September,2021,almost50yearsafterthefirstone.(陆地卫星系列中的卫星仍然为世界各地的科学家提供有价值的数据，陆地卫星9号于2021年9月27日成功发射，距离第一次发射已经过去了近50年)”以及最后一段“OthersatelliteshavesincesurpassedtheLandsatseriesinresolutionandscanningabilities,butthecontinuityoftheLandsatdatabaseoverthedecadesmakesitagoldstandardinEarthimaging.(此后，其他卫星的分辨率和扫描能力都超过了陆地卫星系列，但几十年来陆地卫星数据库的连续性使其成为地球成像的黄金标准)”可知，陆地卫星系列中的卫星仍然为世界各地的科学家提供有价值的数据，几十年来陆地卫星数据库的连续性使其成为地球成像的黄金标准，可推知，作者对于陆地卫星系列持有赞赏的态度。故选A。7、答案：B解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“WhenVirginiaNorwoodwasinhighschoolinthe1940s,herguidanceteacheradvisedhertobecomealibrarianinsteadofaphysicist.Luckily,sheignoredhim.(20世纪40年代，弗吉尼亚·诺伍德上高中时，她的指导老师建议她成为一名图书管理员，而不是物理学家。幸运的是，她没有理会他)”、第二段“Norwood’scontributionwasthemultispectralscanner(诺伍德的贡献是多光谱扫描仪)”以及第三段“Norwood’sdevicewasincludedinthefirstseveralsatelliteslaunchedthroughtheLandsatprogram,ajointeffortbyNASAandtheUSGeologicalSurvey.(诺伍德的设备被包括在美国国家航空航天局和美国地质调查局联合通过陆地卫星计划发射的首批几颗卫星中)”可知，本文主要介绍了陆地卫星计划的先驱者VirginiaNorwood的事迹，所以“认识陆地卫星先驱者VirginiaNorwood”可以作为文章标题。故选B。8、答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“The£130millionplanrejectsmeans-testing(经济状况调查)infavorofauniversalscheme,whichmanyseeasasmartpoliticalmoveandagoodpolicy.(这项耗资1.3亿英镑的计划拒绝了经济状况调查，转而采用普遍计划，许多人认为这是一个明智的政治举措和一项好政策。)”及第二段中“ThecurrenttaxandbenefitsystemintheUKleavesmillionsofchildreninpovertyandhunger,andmeans-testingisneitherfairnorefficient.(英国目前的税收和福利制度使数百万儿童处于贫困和饥饿之中，经济状况调查既不公平也不有效。)”可知，伦敦市长SadiqKhan计划从九月份开始为伦敦市的小学生提供免费校餐，这个计划被认为是一项应对食品和能源价格上涨的明智的改革措施，帮助来自贫困家庭的小学生应对饥饿，故选C项。9、答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Universalpublicservicessuchasthiscreatesharedunderstandingandgainpoliticallegitimacy,astheyenableindividualstoliveatareasonablestandard.(诸如此类的普遍公共服务创造了共识并获得政治合法性，因为它们使个人能够以合理的标准生活。)”及最后一段中“Byinvestinginourchildren’swell-beingandeducation,wecreateahealthier,moreprosperoussocietyforeveryone.(通过投资于儿童的福祉和教育，我们为每个人创造了一个更健康、更繁荣的社会。)”可知，很多人认为免费校餐计划是明智的政策，因为它将人们的生活标准控制在合理范围内，对儿童福利和教育的投资也为大家创造了一个更健康、更繁荣的社会，即使民众受益，故选B项。10、答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Anestimated800,000childrenlivinginpovertydonotgetfreeschoolmealsduetotheeligibilitycriteriabeingsorestrictive.Another200,000areeligiblebuthavenotaccessedthembecauseenrolmentisnotautomatic.(估计有80万贫困儿童由于资格标准如此严格而无法获得免费校餐。另有200000人有资格，但由于注册不是自动的，因此尚未获得它们。)”可知，经济状况调查由于资格标准过于严格，使大约80万左右生活贫困的儿童无法获得免费校餐，另有20万儿童有资格但也不能获得免费校餐，因为入学没有自动登记，故选B项。11、答案：C解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了伦敦市长从九月开始将为所有小学生提供免费校餐的改革计划，并且解释了该计划的理由及其潜在的好处，故选C项。12、答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Somepeoplecallthefisha“livingfossil."ExpertsbelievethefishfirstappearedduringtheEarlyCretaceousperiodmorethan100millionyearsago.(有人称这种鱼为‘活化石’。专家认为，这种鱼最早出现在1亿多年前的白垩纪早期)”可知。这种鳄鱼已经存在了一亿多年，故选D。13、答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“biologistswanttobringthefishbacktonorthernrivers‘becauseitisimportanttohavetoppredators(捕食者)tobalancethespeciesbelowthem’(生物学家希望把这些鱼带回北部河流，‘因为拥有顶级捕食者来平衡它们下面的物种是很重要的’)”可知，生物学家希望把这些鱼带回北部河流的目的是保持物种的平衡。故选A。14、答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Sauersaystheirlargesizeisonereasontheydisappearedinthe1990s(Sauer说，鳄鱼的体型很大是它们在20世纪90年代消失的原因之一)”可知鳄鱼在北部河流灭绝的原因是它们太大了。故选C。15、答案：A解析：词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段划线的上文“Sauernotesthatfemalealligatorgarsdo"notsexuallymatureuntil11years,andthemalenottill6or7years.Thatmeansthebiologistswilltrytoraiseandreleasealotoffishearlyintheprogramtoreintroducethem.(因为短吻鳄可以活到60岁，所以这个项目将持续增加很多年。Sauer指出，雌性短吻鳄“11岁才会性成熟，而雄性则是六到七岁。”这意味着，生物学家们将在项目早期培养和放生很多鱼用于重新引进这一物种)”可推断出这种小鳄鱼要很多年才能孕育下一代。因此划线句子“We'reprobablygoingtostock(储备)moreheavilythan10or20yearsdowntheroadwhenhopefulIythesefishwillfindeachotherandstartdoingthejobontheirown”是指“我们可能会在未来的10到20年里囤积更多的鱼，希望这些鱼能找到彼此，自己完成使命”Sauer说。由此可知，划线句子是指这些鱼类需要10到20年才能够自己完成孕育下一代的任务。故选A。16、答案：①-⑤BDGFC解析：本文是议论文。文章指出现在人们的同理心在急剧下降，分析了下降的原因并讲述了同理心的重要性和如何培养同理心。①考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：在过去的十年里在大学生中理解他人的能力在急剧下降；空后的意思是：今天人们花更多的时间单独相处而很少参加社团。B项（研究者说，那可能是因为许多人用视频代替了面聊。）与上下文一致，说明了原因。故选B。②考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：打开电视机你看到的都是一些人互相竞争，互相争斗，没有互相尊重；所以D项（人们通过这些例子学习——大多数这些例子什么都有就是没有同理心）是对上文的总结。故选D。③考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：人类是和自然密切相关的。空后的意思是：研究者发现有同理心的青少年会有更高的自我尊重。G项（和其他人保持关系是成为人的很重要的一部分，拥有同理心对那些关系很重要。）与上下文一致。故选G。④考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：实际上，Freed说许多顶级公司报告说同理心也是他们寻找经理的一个重要的部分。F项（好的社会技能包括同理心，这种情感智力能使你在生活的许多方面都取得很大的成功。）是对上文的说明。故选F。⑤考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：对于初学者来说，放下防护，倾听他人。下文是发展同理心的具体做法，C项（一个人不会因为有很多观点，说了很多话而产生同理心。）与上下文一致。故选C。17、答案：B解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我能在余生中每天都坐过山车，我会死得很开心。A.old老的；B.happy高兴的，幸福的；C.brave勇敢的；D.unusual不同寻常的。根据上文“Iloverollercoasters.”可知，作者喜欢坐过山车，因此觉得如果每天都能坐过山车的愿望实现的话，死都会开心。故选B。18、答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我迈出的每一步都让我离踏上一生都坐过山车的机会越来越近。A.tension紧张；B.hardship艰苦；C.motivation动力；D.opportunity机会，机遇。根据“goingonarideofalifetime”可知，此处是指终身坐过山车的机会。故选D。19、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种兴奋让我像一个4岁的孩子一样蹦蹦跳跳。A.excitement兴奋；B.expectation期望；C.pleasure高兴；D.anxiety焦急。根据“skippingaroundlikea4yearold”可知，此处应是兴奋。故选A。20、答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在我第一次去那里时，当我走到前面时，那种兴奋变成了绝对的恐惧。A.patience耐心；B.anger生气；C.desire渴望；D.fear害怕。与前文的thrill刺激相对应，作者应该是感到害怕。故选D。21、答案：C解析：考查连词和介词词义辨析。句意：在排队等候之后，我正在重新考虑。A.Unless除非；B.Though虽然；C.After在……之后；D.Upon在……之上。结合常识“重新考虑”发生在“排队”之后，故选C。22、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：悄悄地，我在心里商量着我有勇气履行这一承诺。A.competition比赛；B.commitment保证，承诺；C.debate讨论。D.experiment实验。根据“Inegotiatedwithinmyself”可知，此时作者自己在给自己一份承诺，一份保证。故选B。23、答案：A解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从远处看，这很有趣，但当我正要坐上驾驶座时，我假装忘记了我的许可证。A.fun有趣的；B.small小的；C.normal正常的；D.mysterious秘密的。根据前文“Iloverollercoasters.”可知，作者喜爱这种过山车，应是看着有趣。故选A。24、答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.regretted遗憾，后悔；B.realized意识到；C.pretended假装；D.admitted承认。根据下文“forgotmylicense”推知，作者假装忘了乘坐过山车的许可证。故选C。25、答案：A解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过一番自我激励，我终于决定坐下来。A.take乘坐；B.quit放弃；C.reserve预定，保留；D.change改变。takeone’sseat坐下。根据下文“OnmywayupIcouldclearlyseetheupsanddowns”可知，作者在进行一番自我激励后，坐到了自己的座位上。故选A。26、答案：D解析：考查介词词义辨析。句意：在我上升的路上，我可以清楚地看到眼前的起伏。A.behind在……之后；B.beneath在……之下；C.beside在……旁边；D.before在……之前。结合常识可知，坐过山车看到的是眼前的情况。故选D。27、答案：A解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，这不仅是路线，也是精神上的挑战。A.mental心理的，精神的；B.intellectual智力的；C.technical技术的；D.environmental环境的。根据下文“Soonthetrackwasfullofsuch___12_____tunnelsthatIcouldseeonlywhatwasbehindmebutnotinfront.”可知，这对作者来说还有心理上的挑战。故选A。28、答案：B解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快，车道上布满了如此黑暗的隧道，我只能看到身后的东西，而看不到前方。A.narrow窄的；B.dark黑暗的；C.long长的；D.roundabout迂回的，兜圈子的。根据下文“Icouldseeonlywhatwasbehindmebutnotinfront.”可知，隧道里是黑暗的。故选B。29、答案：B解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，我周围有人双手举在空中，而我知道事情会变得很糟，于是抓住了我座位上的把手。A.Unluckily不幸地；B.Oddly怪异地，反常地；C.Nervously紧张地；D.Disappointingly感到失望地。对比下文作者紧紧抓住座位上的把手，他/她认为别人双手举在空中很奇怪。故选B。30、答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.gloves手套；B.pockets口袋；C.air空气；D.seat座位。与作者坐在座位上紧紧抓住把手相比，人们只是在空中乱抓。故选C。31、答案：D解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同13小题。A.vague模糊不清的；B.strange奇怪的；C.boring令人厌烦的；D.rough粗糙的，不平静的，艰苦的，困难的。根据“graspedthehandleonmyseat”推知，作者认为事情会变得糟糕。gettough变得糟糕。故选D。32、答案：D解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不敢庆祝让我害怕的事情。A.confused混淆不清；B.astonished使……震惊；C.annoyed使……感到厌烦；D.terrified使……感到害怕。呼应前文的dare，此处指让作者感到害怕的事情。故选D。33、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像过山车一样，生活充满了起伏、黑暗和光明，当我们经历各种意想不到的情况时，生活是不可预测的。A.life生命，生活；B.entertainment娱乐；C.dream梦想；D.ride骑车。根据“fullofupsanddowns,darknessandlight,andisunpredictablewhenwegothroughvarious__18______situations.Thebest